{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T09:15:08Z","timestamp":1783674908200,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Universa BV","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Gastroenterol. Belg."],"abstract":"\n Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n Obstructed defecation syndrome (ODS) is a multifactorial condition that significantly impairs quality of life and presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to the interaction of functional and anatomical factors. This initiative aimed to develop a Belgian consensus and a diagnostic\u2013therapeutic algorithm to support effective clinical management of ODS.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A Belgian steering group of gastroenterologists and colorectal surgeons (n=6) conducted a Delphi consensus process. Based on a structured literature review, 82 statements were drafted and discussed during three online voting rounds. Consensus was defined as \u226580% agreement, and evidence strength was graded using the GRADE system.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Thirty-one experts participated, including gastroenterologists, colorectal surgeons, gynecologists, and physiotherapists. Sixty-two final statements were formulated, of which 46 were endorsed. ODS was defined as a disorder of anorectal evacuation, with functional and structural components often coexisting. Symptoms overlap with functional constipation, IBS-C, and fecal incontinence, and quality of life is substantially impaired. Diagnosis requires multimodal evaluation, including digital rectal examination and anorectal testing. First-line treatment consists of conservative measures such as lifestyle optimization, laxatives, and pelvic floor re-education. Surgery is reserved for selected patients with refractory symptoms and significant anatomical abnormalities. Tailored surgical approaches are supported for rectocele, rectal prolapse, and pelvic organ prolapse, whereas sacral nerve stimulation is not routinely recommended.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n These consensus statements provide practical guidance for the diagnosis and management of ODS. Conservative therapy remains the cornerstone, with surgery reserved for selected cases. Areas lacking consensus warrant further research.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.51821\/89.2.15231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T08:37:40Z","timestamp":1783672660000},"page":"385-405","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Guideline on Pelvic Floor Disorders: consensus on Obstructed Defecation Syndrome (ODS)"],"prefix":"10.51821","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"C","family":"Van de Bruaene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Diseases (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, AZ Maria Middelares, Gent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"De Schepper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Surmont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastro-enterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Brussels (UZ Brussel), Brussels Health Campus, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Van de Putte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal and Colorectal Surgery, University Hospital Ghent, Gent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Van den Broeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Abdominal, Pediatric and Reconstructive Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium"},{"name":"Antwerp ReSURG, Anatomy and Research Centre (ASTARC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Bislenghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Diseases (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Boon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal and Colorectal Surgery, Noorderhart Mariaziekenhuis, Pelt, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Casteels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, AZORG, Aalst, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"J.-B. Cornille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal and Colorectal Surgery, VITAZ, Sint-Niklaas, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"De Looze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastro-enterology and Hepatology, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M A","family":"Denis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastro-enterology and Hepatology, Cliniques universitaires. Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Fran\u00e7ois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Noorderhart Mariaziekenhuis, Pelt, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Gijsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastro-enterology and Hepatology, Noorderhart Mariaziekenhuis, Pelt, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Geldof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastro-enterology and Hepatology, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Van Geluwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal and Colorectal Surgery, AZ Groeninge, Kortrijk, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Geraerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Hanssens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastro-enterology and Hepatology, AZ Sint-Lucas, Gent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Kindt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastro-enterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Brussels (UZ Brussel), Brussels Health Campus, Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Vitality Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Komen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Abdominal, Pediatric and Reconstructive Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium"},{"name":"Antwerp ReSURG, Anatomy and Research Centre (ASTARC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Meerhout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, University Hospital Brussels (UZ Brussel), Brussels Health Campus, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Nullens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Poortmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal and Colorectal Surgery, University Hospital Brussels (UZ Brussel), Brussels Health Campus, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Pletinckx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal and Colorectal Surgery, AZ Maria Middelares, Gent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Raymenants","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Diseases (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Ruymbeke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastro-enterology and Hepatology, VITAZ, Sint-Niklaas, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Segaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, AZ Maria Middelares, Gent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Stockman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, University Hospital Ghent, Gent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Stijns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal and Colorectal Surgery, University Hospital Brussels (UZ Brussel), Brussels Health Campus, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Van Aggelpoel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Urology and Urological Rehabilitation, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Vandenplas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Roelandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Diseases (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27062","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"container-title":["Acta Gastro-Enterologica Belgica"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T08:37:41Z","timestamp":1783672661000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ageb.be\/ageb-journal\/ageb-volume\/ageb-article\/2301\/Guideline%20on%20Pelvic%20Floor%20Disorders:%20consensus%20on%20Obstructed%20Defecation%20Syndrome%20(ODS)"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51821\/89.2.15231","relation":{},"ISSN":["0001-5644","1784-3227"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0001-5644","type":"print"},{"value":"1784-3227","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}}}