{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T02:55:13Z","timestamp":1790909713663,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Korean Society of Animal Science and Technology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ejast.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Anim Sci Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study was conducted to investigate the effects of protease supplementation\n                    and different nutrient density of diets in growing-finishing pigs. A total of\n                    one hundred-eight crossbred growing pigs ([Landrace \u00d7 Yorkshire] \u00d7\n                    Duroc) with an initial body weight (BW; 18.74 \u00b1 3.46 kg) were used for 15\n                    weeks. Pigs were randomly assigned to six dietary treatments with 6 replicates\n                    of 3 pigs per pen in a 3 \u00d7 2 factorial through the following arrangement:\n                    Three groups of protease (1, Basal diets; 2, Protease A: 125 mg\/kg protease\n                    derived from Streptomyces sps; 3, Protease B: 100 mg\/kg\n                    protease derived from Bacillus licheniformis) at two different\n                    nutrient density diets (1, Basal requirement; 2, 0.94%\u20130.98% higher than\n                    requirement in dietary protein and 50 kcal\/kg in energy). High nutrient (HN)\n                    diets showed higher average daily gain (ADG) (p &lt; 0.05)\n                    and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of crude protein (CP)\n                        (p &lt; .0001) compared to basal nutrient (BN) diets\n                    during growing periods. Supplementation of protease showed higher BW\n                        (p &lt; 0.05) and ADG (p &lt;\n                    0.05) compared to non-supplementation of protease during growing periods. Also,\n                    supplementation of protease showed higher ATTD of CP (p\n                    &lt; 0.01), ATTD of gross energy (p &lt; 0.05) and\n                    decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level (p = 0.001) compared\n                    to non-supplementation of protease during finishing periods. Pigs which fed the\n                    protease showed decreased ammonia (NH3) emissions (p\n                    &lt; 0.05) during experiment periods and decreased hydrogen sulfide\n                        (H2S) emissions (p &lt; 0.01) during\n                    finishing periods. Interactions between nutrient density and protease were\n                    observed, which decreased the feed conversion ratio (p &lt;\n                    0.05) in HN diets without protease compared to BN diets without protease during\n                    weeks 4 to 6. Also, interaction between nutrient density and protease was\n                    observed, which resulted in improved ATTD of CP (p &lt;\n                    0.01) in response to PTA supplementation with HN diets during the finishing\n                    period. In conclusion, supplementation of protease reduces NH3 in\n                    feces and BUN in whole blood by increasing the digestibility of CP and improves\n                    growth performance. Also, diets with high nutrient density improved growth\n                    performance and nutrient digestibility in growing periods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2023.e55","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]],"date-time":"2023-07-04T01:19:05Z","timestamp":1688433545000},"page":"326-339","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5187\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Supplementation of protease and different nutrient density diets in\n                    growing-finishing pigs"],"prefix":"10.5187","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6253-9496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sehyun","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02wnxgj78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8161-4853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jihwan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia (UGA), Athens 30602, GA, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1835-2640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Won","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Institute, Woosung Feed Co., Ltd, Daejeon 34379, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4235-4061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seokman","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Institute, Woosung Feed Co., Ltd, Daejeon 34379, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3396-483X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanjin","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02wnxgj78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5704-603X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongcheol","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02wnxgj78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5238-2982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyeon","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02wnxgj78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5602-5499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaewoo","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02wnxgj78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3469-6715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyunah","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02wnxgj78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2321-3319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyeongho","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02wnxgj78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7151-0778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinho","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02wnxgj78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3132","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"key2.0261002113044e+13_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2010.06.026","article-title":"Communicative diagnosis of cost-saving options for reducing\n                        nitrogen emission from pig finishing","volume":"91","author":"Van Meensel","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Environ 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Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113044e+13_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/rbz4820180021","article-title":"Effects of varying levels of dietary protein and net energy on\n                        growth performance, nitrogen balance and faecal characteristics of\n                        growing-finishing pigs","volume":"48","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev Bras Zootec."},{"key":"key2.0261002113044e+13_B21","first-page":"227","article-title":"The effect of dietary crude protein concentration on growth\n                        performance, carcass composition and nitrogen excretion in entire\n                        grower-finisher pigs","volume":"43","author":"Carpenter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ir J Agric Food Res."},{"key":"key2.0261002113044e+13_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.53979","article-title":"The effect of protease and xylanase enzymes on growth performance\n                        and nutrient digestibility in finisher pigs","volume":"90","author":"Mc Alpine","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113044e+13_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2015.10.003","article-title":"Effect of dietary supplementation with protease on growth\n                        performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, digestive\n                        enzymes and gene expression of weaned piglets","volume":"1","author":"Zuo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anim Nutr."},{"key":"key2.0261002113044e+13_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.4314\/sajas.v47i5.13","article-title":"Effect of protease on growth performance and carcass\n                        characteristics of growing-finishing pigs","volume":"47","author":"Choe","year":"2017","journal-title":"S Afr J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113044e+13_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1987","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.12849","article-title":"Supplementation of protease, alone and in combination with\n                        fructooligosaccharide to low protein diet for finishing pigs","volume":"88","author":"Lei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anim Sci J."},{"key":"key2.0261002113044e+13_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13202","article-title":"Effect of protease derived from Pseudoalteromonas arctica\n                        supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, meat quality,\n                        noxious gas emission and blood profiles in finishing pigs","volume":"103","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr."},{"key":"key2.0261002113044e+13_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2020.62.5.659","article-title":"Effects of different levels of crude protein 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content\n                        in growing pigs","volume":"41","author":"Yan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Appl Anim Res."},{"key":"key2.0261002113044e+13_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0396.2003.00436.x","article-title":"Effect of apparent ileal digestible lysine to energy ratio on\n                        performance of finishing pigs at different dietary metabolizable energy\n                        levels","volume":"87","author":"Ettle","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr."},{"key":"key2.0261002113044e+13_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2012.12311","article-title":"Effect of lysine to digestible energy ratio on growth performance\n                        and carcass characteristics in finishing pigs","volume":"25","author":"Cho","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian-Australas J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113044e+13_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2016.04.003","article-title":"Influence of low or high density corn and soybean meal-based\n                        diets and protease supplementation on growth performance, apparent\n                        digestibility, blood characteristics and noxious gas emission of finishing\n                        pigs","volume":"216","author":"Upadhaya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113044e+13_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1139\/cjas-2017-0104","article-title":"Influence of dietary protease supplementation to\n                        corn\u2013soybean meal-based high- and low-energy diets on growth\n                        performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, and gas emission in\n                        growing pigs","volume":"99","author":"Nguyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113044e+13_B37","first-page":"556","article-title":"Effects of dietary energy and crude protein levels on growth\n                        performance, blood profiles, and nutrient digestibility in weaning\n                        pigs","volume":"32","author":"Fang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asian-Australas J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113044e+13_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1080\/1745039X.2019.1614849","article-title":"Effects of low-protein diet on the intestinal morphology,\n                        digestive enzyme activity, blood urea nitrogen, and gut microbiota and\n                        metabolites in weaned pigs","volume":"73","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Anim Nutr."},{"key":"key2.0261002113044e+13_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2019.114256","article-title":"Effects of feeding growing-finishing pigs with low crude protein\n                        diets on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and\n                        nutrient digestibility in different areas of China","volume":"256","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113044e+13_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E168","DOI":"10.2527\/animalsci2002.80E-Suppl_2E168x","article-title":"Nutritional strategies to reduce environmental emissions from\n                        nonruminants","volume":"80","author":"Ferket","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113044e+13_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2011.05.011","article-title":"The effect of an herb extract mixture on growth performance,\n                        nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics and fecal noxious gas content\n                        in growing pigs","volume":"141","author":"Yan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Livest Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113044e+13_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1139\/cjas-2016-0116","article-title":"Influence of low-protein diets and protease and bromelain\n                        supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood urine\n                        nitrogen, creatinine, and faecal noxious gas in growing\u2013finishing\n                        pigs","volume":"98","author":"Nguyen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113044e+13_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2011.10238","article-title":"Effects of supplementation of probiotics on the performance,\n                        nutrient digestibility and faecal microflora in growing-finishing\n                        pigs","volume":"24","author":"Giang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asian-Australas J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113044e+13_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2022.e12","article-title":"Effects of different Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis\n                        ratios on nutrient digestibility, fecal microflora, and gas emissions of\n                        growing pigs","volume":"64","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Technol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113044e+13_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1080\/09712119.2021.1933494","article-title":"Effects of Bacillus licheniformis derived-protease\n                        supplementation, alone or in combination, with valine to low protein diet on\n                        growth performance and carcass quality grade in growing-finishing\n                        pigs","volume":"49","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Appl Anim Res."}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Science and 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