{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T03:54:14Z","timestamp":1790913254215,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Korean Society of Animal Science and Technology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"King Saud University","award":["ORF-2025-569"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ORF-2025-569"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02f81g417","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ejast.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Anim Sci Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In a journey exploring the influence of two external zeitgebers and their\n                    interaction on the biophysiological and productive performance of goat kids\n                    exposed to heat stress, 15 healthy Aardi male kids (6 months of age and 22.56\n                    \u00b1 1.13 kg) individually housed in climatic chambers were allocated into\n                    three groups (5 kids\/group). Kids in the first group (the control group, C) were\n                    placed under a normal light : dark (12L : 12D) cycle and fed in the morning.\n                    Kids in the second group (T1) were fed in the morning but placed under a\n                    reversed 12D : 12L cycle. Kids in the third group (T2) were placed under a\n                    reversed 12D : 12L cycle and fed in the evening. During the experimental period\n                    (~5 weeks), kids were exposed to a hot condition (as manifest by the\n                    temperature-humidity index) using a biometeorologically simulated environment\n                    with a daily ambient temperature cycle of 25\u00b0C to 45\u00b0C, and\n                    multiple data (i.e., meteorology, biophysiology, and performance) were obtained.\n                    Reversing the lighting cycle alone (T1) and\/or the simultaneous shifting of both\n                    the lighting cycle and feeding time protocol (T2) under hot climatic conditions\n                    had no influence on body rectal and skin temperatures as well as plasma\n                    concentrations of albumin and glucose. Kids in both treatments showed\n                        (p &lt; 0.05) higher coat temperature and respiratory rate\n                    as well as plasma concentrations of triacylglycerol compared to the C group\n                    kids. Moreover, it was clearly evident that kids in T2 had (p\n                    &lt; 0.05) reduced kids daily feed intake (DFI), increased (p\n                    &lt; 0.05) their average daily body gain (ADG), which subsequently had been\n                    reflected on having (p &lt; 0.05) better feed conversion (FCR)\n                    compared to kids in other groups. Collectively, this would suggest that using\n                    such chrono-physiological management protocol had desynchronized the heat load\n                    emerging from the combined effects of both thermal stress and post-prandial\n                    metabolism. Compared to other protocols, our findings point out that\n                    simultaneous shifting of both lighting cycle and feeding time protocol might be\n                    suitable in enhancing the production performance of growing heat-stressed\n                    goats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2023.e99","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T04:13:59Z","timestamp":1696392839000},"page":"1242-1254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5187\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chrono-physiological management protocol in form of simultaneous\n                    shifting of lighting-cycle and feeding-time can enhance production performance\n                    of heat-stressed goat kids"],"prefix":"10.5187","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8282-5385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed A.","family":"Al-Badwi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02f81g417","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3231-9193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emad M.","family":"Samara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02f81g417","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0710-4406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Majdi A.","family":"Bahadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02f81g417","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1208-8903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khalid A.","family":"Abdoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02f81g417","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3247-5898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayman A.","family":"Swelum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02f81g417","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6953-5262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah N.","family":"Al-Owaimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02f81g417","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4986-4710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed A.","family":"Al-Haidary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02f81g417","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3132","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B1","first-page":"245","article-title":"Glossary of terms for thermal physiology: third\n                        edition","volume":"51","author":"The Commission for Thermal Physiology of the International Union of\n                            Physiological Sciences (IUPS Thermal Commission)","year":"2001","journal-title":"Jpn J Physiol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-408-10688-7.50007-2","article-title":"The environmental physiology of animal production","volume-title":"Environmental aspects of housing for animal production","author":"Robertshaw","year":"1981"},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.4161\/temp.29702","article-title":"Beyond the classic thermoneutral zone: including thermal\n                        comfort","volume":"1","author":"Kingma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Temperature"},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B4","volume-title":"Environmental management in animal agriculture","author":"Curtis","year":"1983"},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4879","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21144879","article-title":"Environmental DNA and RNA as records of human exposome, including\n                        biotic\/abiotic exposures and its implications in the assessment of the role\n                        of environment in chronic diseases","volume":"21","author":"Thakur","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119949091.ch6","article-title":"Effects of environment on metabolism","volume-title":"Environmental physiology of livestock","author":"Baumgard","year":"2012"},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1080\/09712119.2012.692326","article-title":"A comparative thermophysiological study on water-deprived goats\n                        and camels","volume":"40","author":"Samara","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Appl Anim Res."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B8","first-page":"257","article-title":"Heat stress in ruminants","volume":"60","author":"\u015eireli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Papers Ser D Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B9","volume-title":"Stress physiology in livestock","author":"Yousef","year":"1985"},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9060322","article-title":"The impact of heat load on cattle","volume":"9","author":"Lees","year":"2019","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731111002448","article-title":"Adaptation to hot climate and strategies to alleviate heat stress\n                        in livestock production","volume":"6","author":"Renaudeau","year":"2012","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B12","first-page":"751","article-title":"Impact of climate change on small ruminants production: a\n                        review","volume":"8","author":"Biswal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Approach Poult Dairy Vet Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1080\/09291016.2019.1603692","article-title":"Heat stress and thermoregulatory responses of goats: a\n                        review","volume":"52","author":"Gupta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Rhythm Res."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"jeb23811","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.238113","article-title":"How dryland mammals will respond to climate change: the effects\n                        of body size, heat load and a lack of food and water","volume":"224","author":"Fuller","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Exp Biol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B15","article-title":"Impact of climate change on livestock productivity\n                        [Internet]","author":"Sejian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Feedipedia-Animal Feed Resources Information System"},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B16","first-page":"1114","article-title":"Adaptability of goats to heat stress: a review","volume":"7","author":"Sarangi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharm Innov."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.3844\/ajavsp.2020.291.299","article-title":"Population, world production and quality of sheep and goat\n                        products","volume":"15","author":"Mazinani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Anim Vet Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2019.61.6.313","article-title":"Effect of production level and source of fat supplement on\n                        performance, nutrient digestibility and blood parameters of heat-stressed\n                        Holstein cows","volume":"61","author":"Akhlaghi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Technol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2021.e79","article-title":"Effects of cooling systems on physiological responses and\n                        intestinal microflora in early gestating sows exposed to high-temperature\n                        stress","volume":"63","author":"Jeong","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Technol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B20","article-title":"Potentials of Phyllanthus amarus, Viscum album and Moringa\n                        oleifera supplements to mitigate heat stress in female rabbits in humid\n                        tropics","author":"Jimoh","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Technol"},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2022.e33","article-title":"Effects of various cooling methods and drinking water\n                        temperatures on reproductive performance and behavior in heat stressed\n                        sows","volume":"64","author":"Tajudeen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Technol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.2147\/OAAP.S24071","article-title":"Ruminant chronophysiological management: an emerging\n                        bioscience","volume":"3","author":"Nikkhah","year":"2011","journal-title":"Open Access Anim Physiol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.4236\/abb.2011.24039","article-title":"Bioscience of ruminant intake evolution: feeding: time\n                        models","volume":"2","author":"Nikkhah","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv Biosci Biotechnol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1080\/09291016.2012.656437","article-title":"Chronophysiology of ruminant feeding behavior and metabolism: an\n                        evolutionary review","volume":"44","author":"Nikkhah","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Rhythm Res."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1080\/09291016.2013.870756","article-title":"Timing of feeding: a postmodern management strategy to modulate\n                        chronophysiological rhythms in rumen fermentation kinetics","volume":"45","author":"Nikkhah","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol Rhythm Res."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-021-02716-0","article-title":"Using chrono-physiological management in form of shifting the\n                        feeding time has no advantage in goat kids exposed to experimentally induced\n                        heat stress","volume":"53","author":"Al-Badwi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1126\/science.281.5378.825","article-title":"How temperature changes reset a circadian\n                        oscillator","volume":"281","author":"Liu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(97)00440-X","article-title":"Entrainment of activity rhythms to temperature cycles in diurnal\n                        palm squirrels","volume":"63","author":"Rajaratnam","year":"1998","journal-title":"Physiol Behav."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2826.2003.00992.x","article-title":"The circadian clock: a manager of biochemical processes within\n                        the organism","volume":"15","author":"Holzberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1080\/09291016.2010.491247","article-title":"State of the art on daily rhythms of physiology and behaviour in\n                        horses","volume":"42","author":"Piccione","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol Rhythm Res."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14916","DOI":"10.1038\/srep14916","article-title":"Time-specific fear acts as a non-photic entraining stimulus of\n                        circadian rhythms in rats","volume":"5","author":"Pellman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1740-3391-4-16","article-title":"Daily rhythm of salivary and serum urea concentration in\n                        sheep","volume":"4","author":"Piccione","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Circadian Rhythm."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-012-0607-x","article-title":"Effects of different feeding time and frequency on metabolic\n                        conditions and milk production in heat-stressed dairy cows","volume":"57","author":"Calamari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13191","article-title":"Invited review: practical feeding management recommendations to\n                        mitigate the risk of subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy\n                        cattle","volume":"101","author":"Humer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13635","article-title":"Short communication: the effects of morning compared with evening\n                        feed delivery in lactating dairy cows during the summer","volume":"101","author":"Niu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22042111","article-title":"The Circadian physiology: implications in livestock\n                        health","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B37","first-page":"7","article-title":"Bioclimatic factors and their measurement","volume-title":"A guide to environmental research on animals","author":"Kelly","year":"1971"},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-6226(00)00162-7","article-title":"Effects of heat stress on the welfare of extensively managed\n                        domestic ruminants","volume":"67","author":"Silanikove","year":"2000","journal-title":"Livest Prod Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3329\/pa.v22i1-2.16465","article-title":"Effect of heat stress on behavior, physiological and blood\n                        parameters of goat","volume":"22","author":"Alam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Progress Agric."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B40","first-page":"31","article-title":"Haematological and biochemical parameters of goats of semi arid\n                        environment fed on natural grazing rangeland of Northern\n                        Nigeria","author":"Njidda","year":"2013","journal-title":"IOSR J Agric Vet Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B41","first-page":"255","article-title":"Effect of heat stress on thermoregulatory, live bodyweight and\n                        physiological responses of dwarf goats in southern Nigeria","volume":"10","author":"Okoruwa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Sci J."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-015-1131-6","article-title":"Assessment of heat tolerance and production performance of Aardi,\n                        Damascus, and their crossbred goats","volume":"60","author":"Samara","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B43","volume-title":"Principles of animal biometeorology","author":"da Silva","year":"2012"},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-016-1191-2","article-title":"Physiological and lactation responses of Egyptian dairy Baladi\n                        goats to natural thermal stress under subtropical environmental\n                        conditions","volume":"61","author":"El-Tarabany","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1081\/CBI-120004225","article-title":"Circadian modulation of starvation-induced hypothermia in sheep\n                        and goats","volume":"19","author":"Piccione","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119949091.ch2","article-title":"Physiological basics of temperature regulation in domestic\n                        animals","volume-title":"Environmental physiology of livestock","author":"Spiers","year":"2012"},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B47","first-page":"210","article-title":"Heat tolerance of local goat breeds in Saudi\n                        Arabia","volume":"21","author":"Alamer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arab Gulf J Sci Res."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B48","first-page":"60","article-title":"Effect of heat stress on coat characteristics and physiological\n                        responses of Balady and Damascus goats in Sinai, Egypt","volume":"7","author":"Helal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am Eurasian J Agric Environ Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1093\/af\/vfy029","article-title":"Adaptation strategies: ruminants","volume":"9","author":"Gaughan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim Front"},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/S1095-6433(02)00362-8","article-title":"Circadian rhythms of body temperature and liver function in fed\n                        and food-deprived goats","volume":"134","author":"Piccione","year":"2003","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1080\/09291016.2011.614792","article-title":"Postprandial rhythms of circulating urea in lactating dairy cows:\n                        feeding timing and diet effects","volume":"43","author":"Nikkhah","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol Rhythm Res."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.7600\/jpfsm.6.125","article-title":"Role of biological rhythms in the performance of physical\n                        activity","volume":"6","author":"Sato","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Phys Fitness Sports."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B53","volume-title":"Circadian physiology","author":"Refinetti","year":"2019"},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2826.2003.01019.x","article-title":"Daily rhythms in glucose metabolism: suprachiasmatic nucleus\n                        output to peripheral tissue","volume":"15","author":"La Fleur","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24808","DOI":"10.1038\/srep24808","article-title":"Physiological responses to daily light exposure","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.04.022","article-title":"Scheduled wheel access during daytime: a method for studying\n                        conflicting zeitgebers","volume":"88","author":"Dallmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Physiol Behav."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.4141\/A03-048","article-title":"Time of feeding and growth promotant effects on the winter growth\n                        performance and carcass traits of steers","volume":"84","author":"Small","year":"2004","journal-title":"Can J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.4141\/A03-028","article-title":"Effects of evening feeding and extended photoperiod on growth,\n                        feed efficiency, live animal carcass traits and plasma prolactin of beef\n                        heifers housed outdoors during two Manitoba winters","volume":"84","author":"Kennedy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Can J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.14710\/jitaa.40.3.176-182","article-title":"Eating behaviour of sheep fed at day and\/or night\n                        period","volume":"40","author":"Nugroho","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Indones Trop Anim Agric."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668.2017.1413233","article-title":"Feeding time can alleviate negative effects of heat stress on\n                        performance, meat quality and health status of turkey","volume":"59","author":"Farghly","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-0929.2009.00707.x","article-title":"Photic and non-photic entrainment on daily rhythm of locomotor\n                        activity in goats","volume":"81","author":"Giannetto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anim Sci J."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23020729","article-title":"Photic entrainment of the circadian system","volume":"23","author":"Ashton","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2006.10.003","article-title":"Physiological traits as affected by heat stress in sheep\u2014a\n                        review","volume":"71","author":"Marai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Small Rumin Res."},{"key":"key2.0261002113529e+13_B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2019.02.021","article-title":"Effects of heat challenge on growth performance, ruminal, blood\n                        and physiological parameters of Chinese crossbred goats","volume":"174","author":"Cai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Small Rumin Res."}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Science and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ejast.org\/download\/download_pdf?doi=10.5187\/jast.2023.e99","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ejast.org\/download\/download_pdf?doi=10.5187\/jast.2023.e99","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T03:00:14Z","timestamp":1790910014000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ejast.org\/archive\/view_article?doi=10.5187\/jast.2023.e99"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.5187\/jast.2023.e99"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5187\/jast.2023.e99","relation":{},"ISSN":["2672-0191","2055-0391"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2672-0191","type":"print"},{"value":"2055-0391","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-06-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-09-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}