{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T03:53:43Z","timestamp":1790913223578,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Korean Society of Animal Science and Technology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural\n                                Affairs","award":["821035-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["821035-03"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ejast.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Anim Sci Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Eggshell waste and Schisandra chinensis by-products are natural\n                    sources rich in beneficial nutrients and bioactive compounds. However, their\n                    combined effects with multi-probiotics on poultry productivity and health remain\n                    unexplored. This study assessed the immediate effects of a feed\n                    additive\u2014eggshell waste (ES), Schisandra chinensis\n                    by-product (SC), and multi-probiotics (M)\u2014administered for four weeks to\n                    aged laying hens before slaughter, evaluating the improvements of laying\n                    performance, egg quality, blood characteristics, visceral organs, tibia, and\n                    cecal microbiota. A total of 216 Hy-line Brown laying hens (70-week-old) were\n                    assigned to four dietary treatments consisting of 9 replicates of 6 birds in a\n                    completely randomized design. The combination of eggshell waste,\n                        Schisandra chinensis by-product, and multi-probiotics (ESM)\n                    of feed additive consisted of 40% eggshell, 5% SC, and\n                        109\u20131011 CFU\/g of multi-probiotic strains\n                    including Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus\n                        licheniformis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae,\n                        Lactobacillus plantarum, and supplemental nutrient premix.\n                    The treatment groups were as follows: corn\u2013soybean meal-based basal diet\n                    (control); basal diet + 0.1% ESM; basal diet + 0.2% ESM, basal diet + 0.4% ESM.\n                    The total egg productivity rate during the experiment period tended to improve\n                    in ESM 0.2%, as compared with the control. The ESM 0.1% group increased egg\n                    weight (p &lt; 0.05) while ESM 0.1% and ESM 0.2% tended to\n                    increase egg mass, compared to the control (p = 0.051).\n                    However, there was no significant difference in egg weight, feed intake, feed\n                    conversion ratio, and egg quality among the treatments. Furthermore, blood\n                    characteristics did not differ between the treatments, except for the total\n                    cholesterol contents, which was higher in ESM 0.4% treatment than the control\n                        (p &lt; 0.05). ESM 0.4% supplementation showed a tendency\n                    for higher calcium, compared to the control. ESM 0.4% supplementation showed\n                    higher bone mineral density (BMD) of the tibia neck than the control\n                        (p &lt; 0.01). All three ESM groups demonstrated a\n                    significant decrease in the abundance of Bacteroidaceae\n                        (p &lt; 0.05), and an increase in the abundance of\n                        Lactobaillaceae at the family level (p\n                    &lt; 0.01). In conclusion, ESM fed hens showed beneficial effects on the egg\n                    weight, egg mass, BMD of tibia neck, and cecal microbiota in laying hens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2024.e119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T00:07:54Z","timestamp":1736986074000},"page":"1285-1301","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5187\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Supplementation effects of feed additive containing eggshell,\n                        Schisandra chinensis by-products combined with\n                    multi-probiotics strains in laying hens"],"prefix":"10.5187","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7163-0059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ah-Ran","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/025h1m602","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Animal Resources Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0803-4942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sol-Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/025h1m602","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7756-5302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hangsul","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/025h1m602","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5848-031X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan-Qing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/025h1m602","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3499-3330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soo-Ki","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/025h1m602","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3132","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"key2.0261002113535e+13_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1079\/095442200108729106","article-title":"Antibiotic use in animal feed and its impact on human\n                        health","volume":"13","author":"Barton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nutr Res Rev."},{"key":"key2.0261002113535e+13_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3329\/bjas.v38i1-2.9909","article-title":"A review on antibiotics in an animal feed","volume":"38","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bangl J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113535e+13_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2003.09.009","article-title":"Antibiotics in animal feed and their role in resistance\n                        development","volume":"6","author":"Wegener","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113535e+13_B4","first-page":"5","article-title":"Application and substitution of antibiotics in animal\n                        feeding","volume":"80","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med Weter."},{"key":"key2.0261002113535e+13_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2021.319-328","article-title":"The use of probiotics in animal feeding for safe production and\n                        as potential alternatives to antibiotics","volume":"14","author":"Ars\u00e8ne","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet World"},{"key":"key2.0261002113535e+13_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.51227\/ojafr.2021.2","article-title":"Effect of dietary supplementation of probiotic, phytobiotics or\n                        their combination on performance, blood indices and jejunal morphology of\n                        laying hens during post peak production","volume":"11","author":"Hidayat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Online J Anim Feed Res."},{"key":"key2.0261002113535e+13_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10040669","article-title":"Ameliorative effects of antibiotic-, probiotic- and\n                        phytobiotic-supplemented diets on the performance, intestinal health,\n                        carcass traits, and meat quality of Clostridium perfringens-infected\n                        broilers","volume":"10","author":"Hussein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"key2.0261002113535e+13_B8","first-page":"3979","article-title":"Agricultural and pharmaceutical applications of eggshells: a\n                        comprehensive review of eggshell waste value-added products","volume":"13","author":"Das","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pharm Negat Results"},{"key":"key2.0261002113535e+13_B9","first-page":"109","article-title":"Properties of biocomposites from waste eggshell as\n                        fillers","volume":"25","author":"Sivakumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Glob Nest J."},{"key":"key2.0261002113535e+13_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2020.10.009","article-title":"Channelling eggshell waste to valuable and utilizable products: a\n                        comprehensive review","volume":"106","author":"Waheed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci Technol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113535e+13_B11","first-page":"107","article-title":"Egg shell powder as a potential direct compression excipient in\n                        tablet formulation","volume":"28","author":"Osonwa","year":"2017","journal-title":"West Afr J Pharm."},{"key":"key2.0261002113535e+13_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6400","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-06677-z","article-title":"Effect of probiotics on the meat flavour and gut microbiota of\n                        chicken","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"key2.0261002113535e+13_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1139\/cjas-2023-0076","article-title":"Dietary Bacillus subtilis- and Clostridium butyricum-based\n                        probiotics supplement improves growth and meat quality, and alters\n                        microbiota in the excreta of broiler chickens","volume":"104","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Can J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113535e+13_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.5194\/aab-53-350-2010","article-title":"Effects of probiotic and phytogenic products on performance, gut\n                        morphology and cecal microflora of broiler chickens","volume":"53","author":"Peri\u0107","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Anim Breed"},{"key":"key2.0261002113535e+13_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e122","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.12573","article-title":"Effects of dietary mixture of garlic (Allium sativum), coriander\n                        (Coriandrum sativum) and probiotics on immune responses and caecal counts in\n                        young laying hens","volume":"101","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr."},{"key":"key2.0261002113535e+13_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7120684","article-title":"Synergistic effects of probiotics and phytobiotics on the\n                        intestinal microbiota in young broiler chicken","volume":"7","author":"Ren","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"key2.0261002113535e+13_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9061-2018-0903","article-title":"Comparison of the dietary supplementation of Lactobacillus\n                        plantarum, and fermented and non-fermented Artemisia annua on the\n                        performance, egg quality, serum cholesterol, and eggyolk-oxidative stability\n                        during storage in laying hens","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Braz J Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113535e+13_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.2174\/1573401318666220308155156","article-title":"Application of herbal plants in organic poultry nutrition and\n                        production","volume":"18","author":"Shahrajabian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Nutr Food Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113535e+13_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10020395","article-title":"Probiotics, prebiotics, and phytogenic substances for optimizing\n                        gut health in 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Schisandra chinensis fruits and their\n                        active constituents","volume":"10","author":"Kopustinskiene","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"key2.0261002113535e+13_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1080\/17450390500353499","article-title":"Effect of Ligustrum lucidum and Schisandra chinensis on the egg\n                        production, antioxidant status and immunity of laying hens during heat\n                        stress","volume":"59","author":"Ma","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Anim Nutr."},{"key":"key2.0261002113535e+13_B24","first-page":"175","article-title":"Influence of supplemental Schisandra chinensis powder on growth\n                        performance, serum cholesterol, and meat quality of broilers","volume":"63","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Agric Scand A Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113535e+13_B25","first-page":"18","article-title":"Production of lignan-rich eggs as functional food by\n                        supplementing Schisandra chinensis by-product in laying hens","volume":"34","author":"Kang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Life Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113535e+13_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.20.0552","article-title":"Effect of dietary supplementation of a phytogenic blend\n                        containing Schisandra chinensis, Pinus densiflora, and Allium tuberosum on\n                        productivity, egg quality, and health parameters in laying\n                        hens","volume":"34","author":"Moon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim Biosci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113535e+13_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/85.2.364","article-title":"Effects of a dried Bacillus subtilis culture on egg\n                        quality","volume":"85","author":"Xu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113535e+13_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2009-00342","article-title":"Effects of amino acids on egg number and egg mass of brown (heavy\n                        breed) and white (light breed) laying hens","volume":"89","author":"Bonekamp","year":"2010","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113535e+13_B29","first-page":"552","article-title":"The Haugh unit for measuring egg quality","volume":"43","author":"Haugh","year":"1937","journal-title":"United States Egg Poult Mag."},{"key":"key2.0261002113535e+13_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.3126\/kumj.v8i4.6239","article-title":"Evaluation of non-HDL-c and total cholesterol: HDL-c ratio as\n                        cumulative marker of cardiovascular risk in diabetes\n                        mellitus","volume":"8","author":"Aryal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Kathmandu Univ Med J."},{"key":"key2.0261002113535e+13_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9050226","article-title":"Effects of low-protein diets and exogenous protease on growth\n                        performance, carcass traits, intestinal morphology, cecal volatile fatty\n                        acids and serum parameters in broilers","volume":"9","author":"Ndazigaruye","year":"2019","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"key2.0261002113535e+13_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2019.07.056","article-title":"Effects of dietary multi-strain probiotics supplementation in a\n                        low fishmeal diet on growth performance, nutrient utilization, proximate\n                        composition, immune parameters, and gut microbiota of juvenile olive\n                        flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)","volume":"93","author":"Niu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113535e+13_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13225","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-92589-y","article-title":"Superiority of coarse eggshell as a calcium source over\n                        limestone, cockle shell, oyster shell, and fine eggshell in old laying\n                        hens","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"key2.0261002113535e+13_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1080\/20421338.2020.1838111","article-title":"Effects of egg shell meal on the performance and haematology of\n                        layers and their egg quality","volume":"13","author":"Okpanachi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Afr J Sci Technol Innov Dev."},{"key":"key2.0261002113535e+13_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.5958\/0976-0555.2015.00056.4","article-title":"The effects of eggshell and oyster shell supplemental as calcium\n                        sources on performance, eggshell quality and mineral excretion in laying\n                        hens","volume":"49","author":"Olgun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Anim Res."},{"key":"key2.0261002113535e+13_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.12.067","article-title":"Effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis supplementation and calcium\n                        levels on performance and eggshell quality of laying hens in the late phase\n                        of production","volume":"100","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113535e+13_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2309","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11082309","article-title":"Multi-probiotic Lactobacillus supplementation improves liver\n                        function and reduces cholesterol levels in Jeju native pigs","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"key2.0261002113535e+13_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2007.1438","article-title":"Influence of Ligustrum lucidum and Schisandra chinensis fruits on\n                        antioxidative metabolism and immunological parameters of layer\n                        chicks","volume":"20","author":"Ma","year":"2007","journal-title":"Asian-Australas J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113535e+13_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.2141\/jpsa.0180050","article-title":"Effects of using Artemisia annua leaves, probiotic blend, and\n                        organic acids on performance, egg quality, blood biochemistry, and\n                        antioxidant status of laying hens","volume":"56","author":"Baghban-Kanani","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113535e+13_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.9734\/ARRB\/2014\/5212","article-title":"Effects of dietary inclusion of olive pulp supplemented with\n                        probiotics on productive performance, egg quality and blood parameters of\n                        laying hens","volume":"4","author":"Afsari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Res Rev Biol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113535e+13_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.3923\/ijps.2011.908.912","article-title":"A review of the uses of poultry eggshells and shell\n                        membranes","volume":"10","author":"King\u2019ori","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113535e+13_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.17221\/6\/2017-RAE","article-title":"Application of eggshell wastes as valuable and utilizable\n                        products: a 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