{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T02:55:13Z","timestamp":1790909713569,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Korean Society of Animal Science and Technology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Rural Development Administration","award":["PJ01569901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJ01569901"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xs9yg50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ejast.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Anim Sci Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To predict the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of crude protein (CP) in\n                    dogs we developed an in vitro system using an in\n                        vitro digestion method and a statistical analysis. The experimental\n                    diets used chicken meat powder as the protein source, with CP levels of 20%\n                    (22.01%, analyzed CP value as dry-based), 30% (31.35%, analyzed CP value as\n                    dry-based), and 40% (41.34%, analyzed CP value as dry-based). To simulate\n                        in vivo digestive processes a static in\n                        vitro digestion was performed in two steps; stomach and small\n                    intestine. To analyze ATTD the total fecal samples were collected in eight\n                    neutered beagle dogs during the experimental period. CP digestibility was\n                    calculated by measuring CP levels in dog food, in vitro\n                    undigested fraction, and dog feces. In result, CP digestibility at both\n                        in vivo and in vitro was increased with\n                    increasing dietary CP levels. To estimate in vivo digestibility\n                    the co-relation of in vivo ATTD and in vitro\n                    digestibility was investigated statistically and a regression equation was\n                    developed to predict the CP ATTD (% = 2.5405 \u00d7 in vitro\n                    CP digestibility (%) + 151.8). The regression equation was evaluated its\n                    feasibility by using a commercial diet. The predicted CP digestibility which was\n                    calculated by the regression equation showed high index of similarity (100.16%)\n                    with that of in vivo in dogs. With that, it would be a feasible\n                    non-animal method to predict in vivo CP digestibility by using\n                        in vitro digestion method and the proposed linear\n                    regression equation in adult dogs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2024.e20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]],"date-time":"2024-02-19T23:17:54Z","timestamp":1708384674000},"page":"374-386","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5187\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Prediction of apparent total tract digestion of crude protein in\n                    adult dogs"],"prefix":"10.5187","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6152-8536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kangmin","family":"Seo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xs9yg50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Animal Welfare Research Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3620-9952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun-Woo","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xs9yg50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Animal Welfare Research Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4860-6290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xs9yg50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Animal Welfare Research Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2121-5249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chan Ho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xs9yg50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Animal Welfare Research Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9834-2126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ki Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xs9yg50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Animal Welfare Research Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4618-586X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ju Lan","family":"Chun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xs9yg50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Animal Welfare Research Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3132","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"key2.0261002113052e+13_B1","volume-title":"Animal protein-based ingredients in pet food: analysis of supply chain\n                        and market drivers2022 Agricultural & Applied Economics Association Annual\n                        Meeting","author":"Hill","year":"2022"},{"key":"key2.0261002113052e+13_B2","first-page":"111","volume-title":"Official publication","author":"AAFCO [Association of American Feed Control\n                        Officials]","year":"2021"},{"key":"key2.0261002113052e+13_B3","volume-title":"Nutrient requirements of dogs and cats.","author":"NRC [National Research Council]","year":"2006"},{"key":"key2.0261002113052e+13_B4","volume-title":"Nutritional guidelines for complete and complementary pet food for cats\n                        and dogs","author":"FEDIAF [The European Pet Food Industry]","year":"2021"},{"key":"key2.0261002113052e+13_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2008.04.009","article-title":"Pet food safety: dietary protein","volume":"23","author":"Laflamme","year":"2008","journal-title":"Top Companion Anim Med."},{"key":"key2.0261002113052e+13_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1080\/1828051X.2016.1222242","article-title":"A new in vitro method to evaluate digestibility of commercial\n                        diets for dogs","volume":"15","author":"Biagi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ital J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113052e+13_B7","volume-title":"Canine and feline nutrition: a resource for companion animal\n                        professionals.","author":"Case","year":"2000","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"key2.0261002113052e+13_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/jns.2014.33","article-title":"Amino acid content of selected plant, algae and insect species: a\n                        search for alternative protein sources for use in pet foods","volume":"3","author":"McCusker","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Nutr Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113052e+13_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3390\/foods8010026","article-title":"The effect of increasing levels of dehulled faba beans (Vicia\n                        faba L.) on extrusion and product parameters for dry expanded dog\n                        food","volume":"8","author":"Corsato Alvarenga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Foods."},{"key":"key2.0261002113052e+13_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1039\/c2fo10248j","article-title":"Coupling in vitro gastrointestinal lipolysis and Caco-2 cell\n                        cultures for testing the absorption of different food\n                        emulsions","volume":"3","author":"Vors","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"key2.0261002113052e+13_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26010136","article-title":"New bioactive peptides identified from a tilapia byproduct\n                        hydrolysate exerting effects on DPP-IV activity and intestinal hormones\n                        regulation after canine gastrointestinal simulated digestion","volume":"26","author":"Theysgeur","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules."},{"key":"key2.0261002113052e+13_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1039\/C3FO60702J","article-title":"A standardised static in vitro digestion method suitable for food\n                        \u2013 an international consensus","volume":"5","author":"Minekus","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"key2.0261002113052e+13_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2734","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12202734","article-title":"Influence of bile salts and pancreatin on dog food during static\n                        in vitro simulation to mimic in vivo digestion","volume":"12","author":"Seo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"key2.0261002113052e+13_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2012.08.001","article-title":"Relevance and challenges in modeling human gastric and small\n                        intestinal digestion","volume":"30","author":"Guerra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113052e+13_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2629","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.14343","article-title":"In vitro digestion of lipids in real foods: influence of lipid\n                        organization within the food matrix and interactions with nonlipid\n                        components","volume":"83","author":"Calvo-Lerma","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Food Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113052e+13_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-018-0119-1","article-title":"INFOGEST static in vitro simulation of gastrointestinal food\n                        digestion","volume":"14","author":"Brodkorb","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Protoc."},{"key":"key2.0261002113052e+13_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-8401(97)00058-8","article-title":"Prediction of the total tract digestibility of energy in\n                        feedstuffs and pig diets by in vitro analyses","volume":"68","author":"Boisen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113052e+13_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(00)75115-0","article-title":"In vitro methods for measuring the dry matter digestibility of\n                        ruminant feedstuffs: comparison of methods and inoculum\n                        source","volume":"83","author":"Mabjeesh","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113052e+13_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10020195","article-title":"In vitro digestion of chestnut and quebracho tannin extracts:\n                        antimicrobial effect, antioxidant capacity and cytomodulatory activity in\n                        swine intestinal IPEC-J2 cells","volume":"10","author":"Reggi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"key2.0261002113052e+13_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.12065","article-title":"Application of in vitro digestibility methods in aquaculture:\n                        constraints and perspectives","volume":"7","author":"Moyano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev Aquacult."},{"key":"key2.0261002113052e+13_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200800193","article-title":"In vitro digestion methods for assessing the effect of food\n                        structure on allergen breakdown","volume":"53","author":"Wickham","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res."},{"key":"key2.0261002113052e+13_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2013.09.036","article-title":"Validation of a new in vitro dynamic system to simulate infant\n                        digestion","volume":"145","author":"M\u00e9nard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"key2.0261002113052e+13_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2006.07.008","article-title":"Prediction of digestibility of organic matter and energy in the\n                        growing pig from an in vitro method","volume":"134","author":"Noblet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113052e+13_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2336","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.9.2336","article-title":"In vitro starch digestion correlates well with rate and extent of\n                        starch digestion in broiler chickens","volume":"131","author":"Weurding","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"key2.0261002113052e+13_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0396.2001.00334.x","article-title":"Prediction of protein digestibility in dog food by a\n                        multi-enzymatic method: a useful technique to develop","volume":"85","author":"Tonglet","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr."},{"key":"key2.0261002113052e+13_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0396.2008.00870.x","article-title":"Prediction of digestible protein content of dry extruded dog\n                        foods: comparison of methods","volume":"93","author":"Hervera","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr."},{"key":"key2.0261002113052e+13_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2414","DOI":"10.2527\/2005.83102414x","article-title":"Chemical composition, protein quality, palatability, and\n                        digestibility of alternative protein sources for dogs","volume":"83","author":"Dust","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113052e+13_B28","first-page":"107","volume-title":"Official publication","author":"AAFCO [Association of American Feed Control\n                        Officials]","year":"2016"},{"key":"key2.0261002113052e+13_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3509","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11123509","article-title":"Evaluation of fermented oat and black soldier fly larva as food\n                        ingredients in senior dog diets","volume":"11","author":"Seo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"key2.0261002113052e+13_B30","volume-title":"Official methods of analysis of AOAC international","author":"AOAC [Association of Official Analytical Chemists]\n                            International","year":"2006","edition":"18th ed"},{"key":"key2.0261002113052e+13_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10020232","article-title":"Supplementation of non-starch polysaccharide enzymes cocktail in\n                        a corn-miscellaneous meal diet improves nutrient digestibility and reduces\n                        carbon dioxide emissions in finishing pigs","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"key2.0261002113052e+13_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2095.1997.00076.x","article-title":"Apparent digestibility coefficients of feed ingredients and their\n                        predictability in compound diets for gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata\n                        L","volume":"3","author":"Lupatsch","year":"1997","journal-title":"Aquac Nutr."},{"key":"key2.0261002113052e+13_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2158S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.8.2158S","article-title":"Dietary protein source and manufacturing processes affect\n                        macronutrient digestibility, fecal consistency, and presence of fecal\n                        Clostridium perfringens in adult dogs","volume":"134","author":"Zentek","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"key2.0261002113052e+13_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0396.2007.00693.x","article-title":"Prediction of digestible energy content of extruded dog food by\n                        in vitro analyses","volume":"91","author":"Hervera","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr."},{"key":"key2.0261002113052e+13_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1079\/NRR19910012","article-title":"Critical evaluation of in vitro methods for estimating\n                        digestibility in simple-stomach animals","volume":"4","author":"Boisen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nutr Res Rev."},{"key":"key2.0261002113052e+13_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/54.3.445","article-title":"Apparent digestibility of dietary protein as a function of\n                        protein level","volume":"54","author":"Crampton","year":"1954","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"key2.0261002113052e+13_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/jns.2014.32","article-title":"Prediction of crude protein digestibility of animal by-product\n                        meals for dogs by the protein solubility in pepsin method","volume":"3","author":"Kawauchi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Nutr Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113052e+13_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2017.1315362","article-title":"Correlation between in vitro and in vivo data on food digestion.\n                        What can we predict with static in vitro digestion models?","volume":"58","author":"Bohn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr."},{"key":"key2.0261002113052e+13_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.2527\/2003.8192279x","article-title":"Evaluation of low-ash poultry meal as a protein source in canine\n                        foods","volume":"81","author":"Yamka","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113052e+13_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2020.08.006","article-title":"Trends in feed evaluation for poultry with emphasis on in vitro\n                        techniques","volume":"7","author":"Zaefarian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim Nutr."},{"key":"key2.0261002113052e+13_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3267","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11113267","article-title":"Comparison of in vivo and in vitro digestibility in\n                        rabbits","volume":"11","author":"Tassone","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"key2.0261002113052e+13_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.134720","article-title":"In vitro digestibility of dietary proteins and in vitro DIAAS\n                        analytical workflow based on the INFOGEST static protocol and its validation\n                        with in vivo data","volume":"404","author":"Sousa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"key2.0261002113052e+13_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10040551","article-title":"In vitro methods of assessing protein quality for\n                        poultry","volume":"10","author":"Bryan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"key2.0261002113052e+13_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10688","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.1c03308","article-title":"Comparisons of in vitro and in vivo digestibility assays for\n                        phosphorus in feline diets and associations with dietary nutrient\n                        content","volume":"69","author":"Soutar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem."},{"key":"key2.0261002113052e+13_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12020404","article-title":"Predicting the glycemic index of biscuits using static in vitro\n                        digestion protocols","volume":"12","author":"Peng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Foods."}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Science and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ejast.org\/download\/download_pdf?doi=10.5187\/jast.2024.e20","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ejast.org\/download\/download_pdf?doi=10.5187\/jast.2024.e20","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T02:47:33Z","timestamp":1790909253000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ejast.org\/archive\/view_article?doi=10.5187\/jast.2024.e20"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.5187\/jast.2024.e20"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5187\/jast.2024.e20","relation":{},"ISSN":["2672-0191","2055-0391"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2672-0191","type":"print"},{"value":"2055-0391","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-01-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-02-14","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}