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The study navigates the intricacies of antler velvet\u2019s\n                    variability, encompassing considerations of drying methods, extraction\n                    techniques, and anatomical regions of antlers. Employing a diverse array of\n                    processing methods, this study prioritizes both food safety and the consistent\n                    intake of deer antler velvet extracts. The study scrupulously evaluates toxicity\n                    and immune-boosting properties through exhaustive assessments, utilizing\n                        Caenorhabditis elegans, immunosuppressive mouse models, and\n                    immune cells. The study unfolds the repercussions of deer antler velvet extract\n                    on the lifespan, neuromuscular functions, and cognitive abilities of C.\n                        elegans. Additionally, this study explores the extract\u2019s\n                    potential to alleviate toxicity induced by cyclophosphamide (CPA) in a mouse\n                    model, with a focus on inflammation, metabolic disorders, and gut microbiota\n                    composition. The antler velvet extract prevents immune dysregulation caused by\n                    CPA treatment by ameliorating systemic inflammation and restoring energy\n                    metabolism. Furthermore, antler velvet extract treatment significantly\n                    transforms the gut microbiota of an immunosuppressive mouse model by fostering\n                    the proliferation of commensal bacteria such as Lactobacillus,\n                        Akkermansia, and Lachnospiraceae at the\n                    genus level. Moreover, antler velvet treatment enhances the activity of natural\n                    killer cells against YAC-1 lymphoma while tempering overactivity among immune\n                    cells to baseline levels. In conclusion, this study provides nuanced insights\n                    into the diverse benefits of antler velvet extract, encouraging sustained\n                    research to unveil its complete potential in the realms of mouse models and\n                        in vitro experiments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2024.e22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]],"date-time":"2024-02-19T23:17:54Z","timestamp":1708384674000},"page":"421-438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5187\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A comprehensive assessment of immunomodulatory potentials of Korean\n                    antler velvet extract in mouse and neurodegenerative Caenorhabditis\n                        elegans models"],"prefix":"10.5187","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0208-6234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04h9pn542","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6502-1556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junbeom","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04h9pn542","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3764-3339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ju Young","family":"Eor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04h9pn542","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9832-3251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min-Jin","family":"Kwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04h9pn542","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, 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Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3132","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"key2.0261002113356e+13_B1","first-page":"245","article-title":"Deer antlers-traditional use and future\n                        perspectives","volume":"9","author":"Kawtikwar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J Tradit Knowl"},{"key":"key2.0261002113356e+13_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2012.12.008","article-title":"Deer antler base as a traditional Chinese medicine: a review of\n                        its traditional uses, chemistry and pharmacology","volume":"145","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"key2.0261002113356e+13_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prmcm.2023.100316","article-title":"Deer antler extract: pharmacology, rehabilitation and sports\n                        medicine applications","volume":"10","author":"Orassay","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res Mod Chin Med"},{"key":"key2.0261002113356e+13_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2020-0140","article-title":"The effect of deer antler from East Kalimantan to increase\n                        trabecular bone density and calcium levels in serum on osteoporotic\n                        mice","volume":"32","author":"Widyowati","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"key2.0261002113356e+13_B5","article-title":"Clinical properties of deer velvet [Internet]","author":"Suttie","year":"2000","journal-title":"Velpure"},{"key":"key2.0261002113356e+13_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2013.10.060","article-title":"Comparison of chemical compositions and osteoprotective effects\n                        of different sections of velvet 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