{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T15:16:58Z","timestamp":1791472618282,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Korean Society of Animal Science and Technology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","award":["RS-2025-25418389"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2025-25418389"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013aysd81","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","award":["RS-2023-00271355"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00271355"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013aysd81","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ejast.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Anim Sci Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary probiotic\n                        Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on growth performance,\n                    nutrient digestibility, immune responses, and intestinal health of weaned pigs.\n                    In a randomize complete block design (block: initial body weight), a total of 40\n                    weaned pigs (initial body weight: 6.93 \u00b1 0.27 kg) were assigned to 2\n                    dietary treatments (1 pig\/pen; 10 replicates\/treatment): 1) a basal weaner diet\n                    based on corn and soybean meal (CON) and 2) CON + 0.1% dietary probiotic\n                        L. plantarum (PRO). Pigs fed PRO had increased\n                        (p &lt; 0.05) body weight, average daily gain, and gain to\n                    feed ratio during the overall period than those fed CON. Pigs in PRO had greater\n                        (p &lt; 0.05) apparent ileal digestibility of crude protein\n                    than those in CON. However, there were no differences on apparent total tract\n                    digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and energy between dietary\n                    treatments. The PRO group decreased (p &lt; 0.05) crypt depth\n                    in the duodenum compared with the CON group, but increased (p\n                    &lt; 0.05) number of goblet cells in the ileum. Pigs fed PRO had lower\n                        (p &lt; 0.05) serum cortisol on day 7 and number of white\n                    blood cells on day 21 than those fed CON, but higher (p &lt;\n                    0.05) serum interleukin-6 on day 21. The PRO group upregulated\n                        (p &lt; 0.05) claudin-2, claudin-3, claudin-4, occludin,\n                    and mucin-1 genes expression in the ileum compared with the CON group. Pigs fed\n                    PRO had altered gut microbial composition by increasing (p &lt;\n                    0.05) the relative abundance of genera Enterococcus and\n                        Pediococcus in fecal microbiota on day 7, genera\n                        Lactobacillus and Streptococcus in fecal\n                    microbiota on day 21, and genera Streptococcus and\n                        Turicibacter in jejunal microbiota on day 35 compared with\n                    pigs fed CON. Our findings suggest that supplementation of probiotic L.\n                        plantarum in weaner diets can enhance the growth performance of\n                    weaned pigs via modified intestinal health by improving intestinal morphology,\n                    upregulating tight junction protein genes expression, and altering microbial\n                    communities. Furthermore, the dietary probiotic L. plantarum\n                    modulated systemic immune responses and local inflammatory cytokine genes\n                    expression in the ileum of weaned pigs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2025.e22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T04:18:12Z","timestamp":1744604292000},"page":"541-561","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5187\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum improved\n                    growth performance of weaned pigs by enhancing intestinal health and modulating\n                    immune responses"],"prefix":"10.5187","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5742-5374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyunjin","family":"Kyoung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0227as991","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science and Biotcehnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3590-3993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyeong Il","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0227as991","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science and Biotcehnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6159-6650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seungchul","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0227as991","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science and Biotcehnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1490-2974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinmu","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0227as991","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science and Biotcehnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8696-5697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinuk","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05rrcem69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3593-2656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yonggu","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0227as991","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science and Biotcehnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9698-5710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hansol","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0227as991","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science and Biotcehnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6769-0657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Younghoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04h9pn542","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4591-1943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung Woo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04tj63d06","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3296-4491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoon Tack","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0227as991","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science and Biotcehnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4515-5212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minho","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0227as991","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science and Biotcehnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3132","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"key2.0261002113728e+13_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2007.01.091","article-title":"Weaning: a challenge to gut 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Scand."},{"key":"key2.0261002113728e+13_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1120238109","article-title":"In-feed antibiotic effects on the swine intestinal\n                        microbiome","volume":"109","author":"Looft","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"key":"key2.0261002113728e+13_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2014.05.017","article-title":"Impact of antibiotic use in the swine industry","volume":"19","author":"Barton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113728e+13_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-1891-4-35","article-title":"Alternatives to antibiotics as growth promoters for use in swine\n                        production: a review","volume":"4","author":"Thacker","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113728e+13_B8","volume-title":"Probiotics in food: health and 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Technol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113728e+13_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2022.e28","article-title":"Effects of dietary protease supplementation on growth rate,\n                        nutrient digestibility, and intestinal morphology of weaned\n                        pigs","volume":"64","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Technol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113728e+13_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2005-742","article-title":"Invited review: amino acid bioavailability and digestibility in\n                        pig feed ingredients: terminology and application","volume":"85","author":"Stein","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113728e+13_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time\n                        quantitative PCR and the 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        microflora, diarrhea score and fecal gas emission in weanling\n                        pigs","volume":"241","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Livest Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113728e+13_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture13010039","article-title":"Effects of microencapsulated probiotics on performance, organ\n                        development, diarrhoea incidences, blood parameters, intestinal\n                        histomorphology and microflora in weaning piglets","volume":"13","author":"Lefter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Agriculture."},{"key":"key2.0261002113728e+13_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02345-22","article-title":"Dietary supplementation with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P-8\n                        improves the growth performance and gut microbiota of weaned\n                        piglets","volume":"12","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr."},{"key":"key2.0261002113728e+13_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.12938\/bmfh.16-030","article-title":"Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and probiotics in swine: what\n                        the bleep do we know?","volume":"36","author":"Dubreuil","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biosci Microbiota Food Health."},{"key":"key2.0261002113728e+13_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885253","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.885253","article-title":"Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection of weaned pigs:\n                        intestinal challenges and nutritional intervention to enhance disease\n                        resistance","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113728e+13_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7210","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-11340-3","article-title":"Microencapsulated probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and\/or\n                        Pediococcus acidilactici strains ameliorate diarrhoea in piglets challenged\n                        with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli","volume":"12","author":"Pupa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"key2.0261002113728e+13_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2023.06.008","article-title":"Lactiplantibacillus plantarum L47 and inulin alleviate\n                        enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli induced ileal inflammation in piglets by\n                        upregulating the levels of \u03b1-linolenic acid and\n                        12,13-epoxyoctadecenoic acid","volume":"14","author":"Cui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anim Nutr."},{"key":"key2.0261002113728e+13_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1017\/S000711450720580X","article-title":"Main intestinal markers associated with the changes in gut\n                        architecture and function in piglets after weaning","volume":"97","author":"Montagne","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Nutr."},{"key":"key2.0261002113728e+13_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1051\/animres:2004018","article-title":"Gut function and dysfunction in young pigs :\n                        physiology","volume":"53","author":"Lall\u00e9s","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anim Res."},{"key":"key2.0261002113728e+13_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19960046","article-title":"Maintenance of villus height and crypt depth, and enhancement of\n                        disaccharide digestion and monosaccharide absorption, in piglets fed on\n                        cows\u2019 whole milk after weaning","volume":"76","author":"Pluske","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Nutr."},{"key":"key2.0261002113728e+13_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0439-x","article-title":"The pros, cons, and many unknowns of probiotics","volume":"25","author":"Suez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"key2.0261002113728e+13_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-012-1070-x","article-title":"Regulation of intestinal epithelial permeability by tight\n                        junctions","volume":"70","author":"Suzuki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113728e+13_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens2010055","article-title":"Goblet cells and mucins: role in innate defense in enteric\n                        infections","volume":"2","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pathogens."},{"key":"key2.0261002113728e+13_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11061766","article-title":"Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus reuteri as functional\n                        feed additives to prevent diarrhoea in weaned 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