{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T03:53:05Z","timestamp":1790913185943,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Korean Society of Animal Science and Technology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ejast.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Anim Sci Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In the modern swine production systems, pigs are often challenged with regrouping\n                    and vaccination, which may negatively affect growth performance and behavior of\n                    pigs. The objective was to test the hypothesis that a supplemental homeopathic\n                    remedy enhances growth performance in nursery pigs by improving hematological\n                    parameters and reducing stress from vaccination and regrouping. In a 28-day\n                    feeding experiment, 94 pigs with an initial mean body weight of 16.5 kg (SD =\n                    1.7) were allotted to three dietary treatments. The basal diet was mainly based\n                    on corn, soybean meal, fish meal, and dried whey. Two additional diets were\n                    prepared by supplementing 0.1% or 0.2% of the homeopathic remedy to the basal\n                    diet at the expense of limestone. Feed disappearance of each pen was recorded\n                    daily, and body weight was measured weekly. On day 14, all pigs were vaccinated\n                    intramuscularly at the neck against classical swine fever. On day 21, a barrow\n                    and a gilt from each pen were moved to the other pen within the same treatment\n                    for regrouping. Pig behavior was recorded on days 0, 14, and 21 and categorized\n                    into 10 specific behaviors and grouped into three categories: mild, active, and\n                    aggressive behaviors. On day 21, blood samples were collected from the jugular\n                    vein of a barrow and a gilt per pen. The growth performance and blood parameters\n                    of the pigs were not affected by the supplemental homeopathic remedy during the\n                    entire experimental period. On day 21, the proportion of active behavior of the\n                    pigs fed the diet supplemented with 0.1% of homeopathic remedy was higher\n                        (p &lt; 0.05) than that of the pigs fed the basal diet.\n                    When behavior data on days 0, 14, and 21 were combined, supplemental homeopathic\n                    remedy at 0.1% increased (p &lt; 0.05) the proportion of\n                    active behavior of the pigs but 0.2% of homeopathic remedy did not affect the\n                    behavior of pigs. In conclusion, the homeopathic remedy can change the active\n                    behavior of pigs without major changes in growth performance or blood\n                    parameters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2025.e28","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T04:18:12Z","timestamp":1744604292000},"page":"785-794","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5187\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of homeopathic remedy supplementation on performance, blood\n                    parameters, and behavior of pigs under vaccination and regrouping stress\n                    conditions"],"prefix":"10.5187","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1644-9675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyungil","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/025h1m602","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea"},{"name":"Cargill Agri Purina, Inc., Seongnam, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9214-2724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jung Yeol","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/025h1m602","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04tj63d06","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5144-9815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeonghyeon","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/025h1m602","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04tj63d06","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7863-952X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyeong Su","family":"Chae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cargill Agri Purina, Inc., Seongnam, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2097-717X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beob Gyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/025h1m602","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3132","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"key2.0261002113834e+13_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10010036","article-title":"Reestablishment of social hierarchies in weaned pigs after\n                        mixing","volume":"10","author":"Tong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"key2.0261002113834e+13_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-1891-4-19","article-title":"The biological stress of early weaned piglets","volume":"4","author":"Campbell","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113834e+13_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1017\/S0003356100011090","article-title":"A note on instability of the dominance hierarchy and variations\n                        in level of aggression within groups of fattening 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meat quality of market pigs transported\n                        in an actively ventilated vehicle in the winter","volume":"105","author":"Pasquale","year":"2024","journal-title":"Can J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113834e+13_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3185","DOI":"10.2527\/1993.71123185x","article-title":"Influence of floor space allowance and dietary selenium and zinc\n                        on growth performance, clinical pathology measurements and liver enzymes,\n                        and adrenal weights of weanling pigs","volume":"71","author":"Kornegay","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113834e+13_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.2527\/2005.8371568x","article-title":"Influence of supplemental magnesium, tryptophan, vitamin C, and\n                        vitamin E on stress responses of pigs to vibration","volume":"83","author":"Peeters","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Anim 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pigs","volume":"99","author":"Dang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113834e+13_B16","first-page":"112","article-title":"A new spreadsheet method for experimental animal\n                        allotment","volume":"85","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113834e+13_B17","volume-title":"Nutrient requirements of swine","author":"NRC (National Research Council)","year":"2012","edition":"11th ed"},{"key":"key2.0261002113834e+13_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1591(91)90135-K","article-title":"Effect of straw on the behaviour of growing pigs","volume":"30","author":"Fraser","year":"1991","journal-title":"Appl Anim Behav Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113834e+13_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2023.e19","article-title":"Effects of different stocking density and various phytogenic feed\n                        additives dosage levels on 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Prod Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113834e+13_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2006.05.007","article-title":"Pig\u2019s responses to repeated social regrouping and\n                        relocation during the growing-finishing period","volume":"105","author":"Coutellier","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl Anim Behav Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113834e+13_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2017.05.003","article-title":"The effect of mixing piglets after weaning on the occurrence of\n                        tail-biting during rearing","volume":"201","author":"Veit","year":"2017","journal-title":"Livest Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113834e+13_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.4314\/sajas.v52i4.08","article-title":"Addition of homeopathic products to pig diets in the finishing\n                        phase promotes improvement in growth performance","volume":"52","author":"Lima","year":"2022","journal-title":"S Afr J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113834e+13_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.3126\/ijasbt.v6i2.20432","article-title":"Effect of homeopathic medicine (alfalfa), methionine and lysine\n                        supplementation in low protein based diets on the performance of broiler\n                        chicken","volume":"6","author":"Rawat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113834e+13_B30","article-title":"Homeopathic immunological for dairy calves and its effects on\n                        metabolism, immune reactions, serum antioxidant responses, and growth\n                        performance","volume":"11","author":"de Vitt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res Soc Dev."},{"key":"key2.0261002113834e+13_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.54846\/jshap\/1049","article-title":"The influence of age, farm, and physiological status on pig\n                        hematological profiles","volume":"26","author":"Je\u017eek","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Swine Health Prod."}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Science and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ejast.org\/download\/download_pdf?doi=10.5187\/jast.2025.e28","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ejast.org\/download\/download_pdf?doi=10.5187\/jast.2025.e28","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T02:53:00Z","timestamp":1790909580000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ejast.org\/archive\/view_article?doi=10.5187\/jast.2025.e28"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.5187\/jast.2025.e28"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5187\/jast.2025.e28","relation":{},"ISSN":["2672-0191","2055-0391"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2672-0191","type":"print"},{"value":"2055-0391","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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