{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T07:52:24Z","timestamp":1791877944487,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Korean Society of Animal Science and Technology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology","award":["RS-2023-00234143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00234143"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs","award":["RS-2024-00400922"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00400922"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ejast.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Anim Sci Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with Bacillus\n      licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis on the gut health and growth\n     performance of weaning pigs. A total of 28-day-old piglets (n = 50 per group) were randomly\n     assigned to four groups: CTRL (basal diet), BS (basal diet + Bacillus\n     subtilis), BL (basal diet + Bacillus licheniformis), or BSL (basal\n     diet + both Bacillus strains). After 28 days, pigs fed BSL had the highest\n     body weight, although the difference was not statistically significant.\n      Bacillus-treated pigs showed no differences in inflammatory cytokines or\n     hematological characteristics, except for a reduction in cortisol levels in the supplemented\n     groups. The genes encoding inflammatory cytokines were not significantly expressed among the\n     groups. Intestinal morphology was significantly improved with villus height, villus\/crypt ratio\n     in BL (p &lt; 0.05) and BSL (p &lt; 0.01), and smooth\n     circular muscle thickness showing notable increases in BS (p &lt; 0.05), BL\n      (p &lt; 0.001) and BSL (p &lt; 0.001). The tight junction\n     proteins were significantly expressed higher in all Bacillus-treated groups,\n     with BSL (p &lt; 0.001) exhibiting the greatest improvement. Gene expression\n     levels of ZO-1 and occludin were also significantly elevated\n     in the ileum, with the most pronounced increases observed in BSL (p &lt;\n     0.01). These results suggest that combining Bacillus subtilis and\n      Bacillus licheniformis synergistically enhances intestinal morphology and\n     barrier function, highlighting their potential as functional feed additives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2400475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T02:20:32Z","timestamp":1755656432000},"page":"1400-1415","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5187\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus\n      subtilis on growth performance, gut health, and immunity in pigs"],"prefix":"10.5187","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4567-6632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min-Gi","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KU Institute of Technology (KIT), Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1988-5481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ran","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4288-7450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyeon-Woo","family":"Sim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0291-5581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Won-Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Livestock, Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2342-7475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young-Bin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research center, Woogene B&G Co., LTD, Hwaseong, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5753-3516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung-Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research center, Woogene B&G Co., LTD, Hwaseong, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4589-2052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun-Jung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju, 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