{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:17:34Z","timestamp":1792790254612,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Korean Society of Animal Science and Technology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","award":["2021RIS-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021RIS-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013aysd81","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ejast.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Anim Sci Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of illite (IT) and\n                    bentonite (BE) on growth performance and intestinal health in weaned pigs\n                    challenged with Escherichia coli. A total of 24 (Duroc \u00d7\n                    Yorkshire \u00d7 Landrace) weaned pigs (initial body weight: 9.61 \u00b1\n                    0.65 kg, 28 \u00b1 3 days old) were assigned to six treatments with four\n                    replicates per treatment. Pigs were housed in individual pens for 17 days,\n                    including a 3-day adaptation period and 14 days after the first E.\n                        coli challenge. In the E. coli-challenged groups,\n                    all pigs were orally inoculated with a total of 10 mL of E.\n                        coli for three consecutive days. The experiment was conducted in a\n                    2 \u00d7 3 factorial arrangement of treatments consisting of two challenge\n                    levels (challenged and non-challenged) and three types of clay mineral\n                    (non-supplemented, IT, and BE). IT and BE were included in the diets at 1% and\n                    1.5%, respectively. E. coli challenge reduced\n                        (p &lt; 0.05) ADG, ADFI, G:F during the entire\n                    experimental period and lowered (p &lt; 0.05) serum\n                    interleukin-8, interleukin-10, malondialdehyde (MDA), and interferon-gamma\n                    (IFN-\u03b3) levels on D 3. However, in the E.\n                    coli-challenged group, IT supplementation improved (p\n                    &lt; 0.05) G:F compared to the non-supplemented group during the first week.\n                    Additionally, IT supplementation increased (p &lt; 0.05)\n                    blood IFN-\u03b3 and mucin expression levels compared to the non-supplemented\n                    group in the challenged groups. At the end of the experiment, intestinal\n                    morphology and intestinal immunity were evaluated to assess intestinal health.\n                        E. coli challenge reduced (p &lt;\n                    0.05) villus height and tight junction protein expression while increasing\n                        (p &lt; 0.05) crypt depth. In the E.\n                        coli-challenged group, BE supplementation increased\n                        (p &lt; 0.05) villus height and the expression of tight\n                    junction proteins compared to the non-supplemented group. Additionally, IT\n                    supplementation in E. coli challenge increased\n                        (p &lt; 0.05) mucin expression levels in the intestine\n                    compared to the non-supplemented group. Inconclusion, dietary supplementation\n                    with IT and BE mitigates the adverse effects of E. coli\n                    infection and suggests their potential as effective additives for managing\n                        E. coli challenges.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2500116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T02:20:32Z","timestamp":1755656432000},"page":"1164-1174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5187\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of dietary supplementation of illite and bentonite in weaned\n                    piglets challenged with Escherichia coli"],"prefix":"10.5187","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8161-4853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jihwan","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xs9yg50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5704-603X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongcheol","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02wnxgj78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5592-7097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seungwon","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02wnxgj78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9205-8095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiseon","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02wnxgj78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5238-2982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyeon","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02wnxgj78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2321-3319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyeongho","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02wnxgj78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5280-0734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyuck","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02wnxgj78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4272-3441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinmo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02wnxgj78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7151-0778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinho","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02wnxgj78","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3132","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042778","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1042778","article-title":"Weaning stress and intestinal health of piglets: a\n                        review","volume":"13","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2679","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11092679","article-title":"Early weaning affects liver antioxidant function in\n                        piglets","volume":"11","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2727","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731119001800","article-title":"Review: the roles and functions of glutamine on intestinal health\n                        and performance of weaning pigs","volume":"13","author":"Ji","year":"2019","journal-title":"Animal."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889612","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.889612","article-title":"Comprehensive review on the interactions of clay minerals with\n                        animal physiology and production","volume":"9","author":"Damato","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.petrol.2020.107148","article-title":"Molecular dynamics simulations of interactions of organic\n                        molecules found in oil with smectite: influence of brine chemistry on oil\n                        recovery","author":"Szczerba","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Petrol Sci Eng."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15070433","article-title":"Efficacy of feed additive containing bentonite and enzymatically\n                        hydrolyzed yeast on intestinal health and growth of newly weaned pigs under\n                        chronic dietary challenges of fumonisin and aflatoxin","volume":"15","author":"Deng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxins."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20001","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c04372","article-title":"The horizons of medical mineralogy: structure-bioactivity\n                        relationship and biomedical applications of halloysite\n                        nanoclay","volume":"18","author":"Feng","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2023.e24","article-title":"Effects of dietary supplementation of illite on growth\n                        performance, nutrient digestibility, and meat-carcass grade quality of\n                        growing-finishing pigs","volume":"66","author":"Muniyappan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Technol."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0259132","article-title":"Protective effect of a new generation of activated and purified\n                        bentonite in combination with yeast and phytogenic substances on mycotoxin\n                        challenge in pigs","volume":"16","author":"Horky","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLOS ONE."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B10","volume-title":"Nutrient requirements of swine","author":"NRC (National Research Council)","year":"2012","edition":"11th ed"},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B11","volume-title":"Official methods of analysis of AOAC International","author":"AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists)\n                            International","year":"2007","edition":"18th rev. ed"},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time\n                        quantitative PCR and the 2\u2212\u0394\u0394CT method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2791","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13172791","article-title":"Impacts of F18+ Escherichia coli on intestinal health of nursery\n                        pigs and dietary interventions","volume":"13","author":"Duarte","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B14","first-page":"5024","article-title":"Effect of chronic and acute enterotoxigenic E","volume":"12","author":"Boeckman","year":"2022","journal-title":"coli challenge on growth performance, intestinal inflammation,\n                        microbiome, and metabolome of weaned piglets. Sci Rep."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-022-00770-8","article-title":"Restored intestinal integrity, nutrients transporters, energy\n                        metabolism, antioxidative capacity and decreased harmful microbiota were\n                        associated with IUGR piglet\u2019s catch-up growth before\n                        weanling","volume":"13","author":"Cui","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2198","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13072198","article-title":"The interplay between nutrition, innate immunity, and the\n                        commensal microbiota in adaptive intestinal morphogenesis","volume":"13","author":"Bayer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7529","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-021-11496-4","article-title":"Chitosan-chelated zinc modulates ileal microbiota, ileal\n                        microbial metabolites, and intestinal function in weaned piglets challenged\n                        with Escherichia coli K88","volume":"105","author":"Hou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"skad035","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skad035","article-title":"Efficacy of zinc glycinate reducing zinc oxide on intestinal\n                        health and growth of nursery pigs challenged with F18+ Escherichia\n                        coli","volume":"101","author":"Jang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-015-0037-9","article-title":"Clays as dietary supplements for swine: a review","volume":"6","author":"Subramaniam","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B20","first-page":"181","article-title":"Value of clay as a supplement to swine diets","volume":"44","author":"Mun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Korean J Agric Sci."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s40813-022-00275-w","article-title":"Is a new generation of mycotoxin clay adsorbents safe in a\n                        pig\u2019s diet?","volume":"8","author":"Horky","year":"2022","journal-title":"Porcine Health Manag."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s12550-019-00375-7","article-title":"Potential adverse effects on animal health and performance caused\n                        by the addition of mineral adsorbents to feeds to reduce mycotoxin\n                        exposure","volume":"36","author":"Elliott","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mycotoxin Res."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"skac255","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skac255","article-title":"Soy protein concentrate replacing animal protein supplements and\n                        its impacts on intestinal immune status, intestinal oxidative stress status,\n                        nutrient digestibility, mucosa-associated microbiota, and growth performance\n                        of nursery pigs","volume":"100","author":"Deng","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2736","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731119001861","article-title":"Link between intestinal immunity and practical approaches to\n                        swine nutrition","volume":"13","author":"Humphrey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Animal."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13299","article-title":"The relationship between villous height and growth performance,\n                        small intestinal mucosal enzymes activities and nutrient transporters\n                        expression in weaned piglets","volume":"104","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9100714","article-title":"Physico-chemical properties of clay minerals and their use as a\n                        health promoting feed additive","volume":"9","author":"Nadziakiewicza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"skab065","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skab065","article-title":"Weaning causes a prolonged but transient change in immune gene\n                        expression in the intestine of piglets","volume":"99","author":"de Groot","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1080\/09540105.2017.1339668","article-title":"Effects of dietary supplementation with cupreous\n                        N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) chelate and copper sulfate on growth performance,\n                        serum biochemical profile and immune response, tissue mineral levels and\n                        fecal excretion of mineral in weaning piglets","volume":"28","author":"Liao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Agric Immunol."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2019.114257","article-title":"Effects of copper hydroxychloride and choice white grease on\n                        growth performance and blood characteristics of weanling pigs kept at normal\n                        ambient temperature or under heat stress","volume":"256","author":"Espinosa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114520004948","article-title":"Manno-oligosaccharide attenuates inflammation and intestinal\n                        epithelium injury in weaned pigs upon enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88\n                        challenge","volume":"126","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Nutr."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-022-00750-y","article-title":"Phytogenic feed additives alleviate pathogenic Escherichia\n                        coli-induced intestinal damage through improving barrier integrity and\n                        inhibiting inflammation in weaned pigs","volume":"13","author":"Chang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12141799","article-title":"Stimbiotic supplementation alleviates poor performance and gut\n                        integrity in weaned piglets induced by challenge with E","volume":"12","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"coli. Animals."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"skad148","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skad148","article-title":"Effect of different ratios of phytogenic feed additives on growth\n                        performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal barrier integrity, and\n                        immune response in weaned pigs challenged with a pathogenic Escherichia\n                        coli","volume":"101","author":"Chang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00426-19","article-title":"Manganese is required for the rapid recovery of DNA synthesis\n                        following oxidative challenge in Escherichia coli","volume":"201","author":"Hutfilz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Bacteriol."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3855","DOI":"10.1039\/C8NR09397K","article-title":"A manganese oxide nanozyme prevents the oxidative damage of\n                        biomolecules without affecting the endogenous antioxidant\n                        system","volume":"11","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nanoscale."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clay.2013.11.009","article-title":"The effect of dietary bentonite on post-weaning diarrhoea, growth\n                        performance and blood parameters of weaned piglets","volume":"90","author":"Trckova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl Clay Sci."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B37","article-title":"Effects of illite or bentonite on cytotoxicity, antibacterial and\n                        adsorption capacity in porcine intestinal epithelial cells","author":"Chang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Science and Technology"},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5436738","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5436738","article-title":"Oregano essential oil improves intestinal morphology and\n                        expression of tight junction proteins associated with modulation of selected\n                        intestinal bacteria and immune status in a pig model","volume":"2016","author":"Zou","year":"2016","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int."}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Science and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ejast.org\/download\/download_pdf?doi=10.5187\/jast.2500116","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ejast.org\/download\/download_pdf?doi=10.5187\/jast.2500116","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T02:59:09Z","timestamp":1790909949000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ejast.org\/archive\/view_article?doi=10.5187\/jast.2500116"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.5187\/jast.2500116"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5187\/jast.2500116","relation":{},"ISSN":["2672-0191","2055-0391"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2672-0191","type":"print"},{"value":"2055-0391","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}