{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T03:53:31Z","timestamp":1790913211811,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Korean Society of Animal Science and Technology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation, Republic of\n                                Korea","award":["MHC-2022R1F1A1064025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MHC-2022R1F1A1064025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ejast.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Anim Sci Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) LEI0258 is the most polymorphic marker\n                    in the chicken major histocompatibility complex (MHC) B region. Unlike other\n                    microsatellite markers, LEI0258 is characterized by R13 and R12 repeat motifs,\n                    resulting in greater allele variation across chicken breeds. The allele size of\n                    this marker can also vary due to deletions and insertions of one to several base\n                    pairs. Sanger sequencing of LEI0258 alleles allows for determining exact allele\n                    sizes (bp), elucidates its repeat motif combination patterns, reveals other\n                    polymorphisms in the non-repeating sequence region, and identifies allele size\n                    inconsistencies among populations. This study investigates LEI0258 diversity and\n                    its repeat motif and flanking sequence variation by Sanger sequencing of 621\n                    LEI0258 alleles from Asian, African, and North American standard and commercial\n                    chickens. Eighty-eight different allele sizes (182\u2013565 bp) were detected.\n                    Asian and African chickens exhibited more alleles than North American and\n                    commercial breeds. Eighteen shared alleles and numerous unique alleles were\n                    identified. There were 48 repeat motif combinations across the 88 allele sizes,\n                    including 16 novel combinations in Asian chickens and two in American and\n                    commercial chickens. In 26 alleles, the R13-R12 combinations consisted of a\n                    single copy of R13 with 2 to 28 R12 repeats; the remaining alleles contained\n                    various copy numbers for both R13 and R12 repeats. Moreover, the same allele\n                    size could occur with different motif combinations. Additional allele variation\n                    was observed due to single-nucleotide polymorphisms and insertions or deletions\n                    (indels) in the upstream or downstream of the LEI0258 marker. Collectively, the\n                    loss or gain of VNTRs and additional polymorphisms explain the broader allele\n                    variation in LEI0258; greater MHC diversity is observed in Asian and African\n                    chickens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2500118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T09:00:31Z","timestamp":1755507631000},"page":"1051-1065","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5187\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Investigation of MHC-B linked LEI0258 marker diversity in various\n                    chicken populations"],"prefix":"10.5187","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8074-8323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prabuddha","family":"Manjula","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05mqkk958","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1516-8108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denuwan Lasitha","family":"Perera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/033jvzr14","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science, University of Ruhuna, Kamburupitiya, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6712-3302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roshani","family":"Fernando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0227as991","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/025h79t26","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8173-8431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minjun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xs9yg50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Poultry Research Center, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Pyeongchang, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4800-1603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eunjin","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0227as991","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3996-9209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun Heon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0227as991","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3132","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"key2.0261002113925e+13_B1","first-page":"S4","article-title":"Correlation in chicken between the marker LEI0258 alleles and\n                        major histocompatibility complex sequences","volume":"4","author":"Chazara","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Proc."},{"key":"key2.0261002113925e+13_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-015-0832-7","article-title":"Chicken major histocompatibility complex polymorphism and its\n                        association with production traits","volume":"67","author":"Nikbakht","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunogenetics."},{"key":"key2.0261002113925e+13_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2012.10.006","article-title":"Association of the chicken MHC B haplotypes with resistance to\n                        avian coronavirus","volume":"39","author":"Banat","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113925e+13_B4","first-page":"714","article-title":"Association of LEI0258 microsatellite alleles with antibody\n                        response against Newcastle disease virus vaccine and body weight in two\n                        Tanzania chicken ecotypes","volume":"7","author":"Lwelamira","year":"2008","journal-title":"Afr J Biotechnol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113925e+13_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2013.12.040","article-title":"Genetic variability, evidence of potential recombinational event\n                        and selection of LEI0258 in chicken","volume":"537","author":"Guangxin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gene."},{"key":"key2.0261002113925e+13_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-006-0119-0","article-title":"Molecular genotype identification of the Gallus gallus major\n                        histocompatibility complex","volume":"58","author":"Fulton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunogenetics."},{"key":"key2.0261002113925e+13_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3113","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03416","article-title":"Abundant polymorphisms at the microsatellite locus LEI0258 in\n                        indigenous chickens","volume":"92","author":"Han","year":"2013","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113925e+13_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2711","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2011-01721","article-title":"Genetic diversity of the major histocompatibility complex region\n                        in commercial and noncommercial chicken flocks using the LEI0258\n                        microsatellite marker","volume":"90","author":"Izadi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113925e+13_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-013-0697-6","article-title":"Diversity and evolution of the highly polymorphic tandem repeat\n                        LEI0258 in the chicken MHC-B region","volume":"65","author":"Chazara","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunogenetics."},{"key":"key2.0261002113925e+13_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1017\/S2078633614000538","article-title":"Molecular typing of the major histocompatibility complex B\n                        microsatellite haplotypes in Cameroon chicken","volume":"56","author":"Touko","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anim Genet Resour."},{"key":"key2.0261002113925e+13_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1590\/S1415-47572005000300008","article-title":"LEI0258 microsatellite variability and its relationship to B-F\n                        haplotypes in Brazilian (blue-egg Caipira) chickens","volume":"28","author":"da Veiga Lima-Rosa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genet Mol Biol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113925e+13_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.3390\/genes12020240","article-title":"High levels of genetic variation in MHC-linked microsatellite\n                        markers from native chicken breeds","volume":"12","author":"Manjula","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genes."},{"key":"key2.0261002113925e+13_B13","first-page":"2175","article-title":"Evaluation of diversity and evolution of the microsatellite\n                        LEI0258 in chicken MHC-B region from South China","volume":"47","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Vet Zootech Sin."},{"key":"key2.0261002113925e+13_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.5194\/aab-63-173-2020","article-title":"Genetic diversity at major histocompatibility complex and its\n                        effect on production and immune traits in indigenous chicken breeds of\n                        India","volume":"63","author":"Haunshi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Anim Breed."},{"key":"key2.0261002113925e+13_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2734","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pez076","article-title":"Genetic diversity of 10 indigenous chicken ecotypes from Southern\n                        Highlands of Tanzania based on major histocompatibility complex-linked\n                        microsatellite LEI0258 marker typing","volume":"98","author":"Mwambene","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113925e+13_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.3923\/ijps.2020.102.110","article-title":"Genetic diversity and population structure of indigenous chicken\n                        ecotypes (Gallus gallus domesticus) in Ethiopia using LEI0258\n                        microsatellite","volume":"19","author":"Hailu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113925e+13_B17","first-page":"2537","article-title":"GenAlEx 6.5: genetic analysis in Excel","volume":"28","author":"Peakall","year":"2012","journal-title":"Population genetic software for teaching and research\u2014an update.\n                        Bioinformatics."},{"key":"key2.0261002113925e+13_B18","first-page":"95","article-title":"BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and\n                        analysis program for windows 95\/98\/NT","volume":"41","author":"Hall","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Symp Ser."},{"key":"key2.0261002113925e+13_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msy096","article-title":"MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing\n                        platforms","volume":"35","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113925e+13_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3299","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msx248","article-title":"DnaSP 6: DNA sequence polymorphism analysis of large data\n                        sets","volume":"34","author":"Rozas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113925e+13_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msj030","article-title":"Application of phylogenetic networks in evolutionary\n                        studies","volume":"23","author":"Huson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113925e+13_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S2078633614000484","article-title":"Genetic diversity of different indigenous chicken ecotypes using\n                        highly polymorphic MHC-linked and non-MHC microsatellite\n                        markers","volume":"56","author":"Ngeno","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anim Genet Resour."},{"key":"key2.0261002113925e+13_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1348","article-title":"Microsatellites: simple sequences with complex\n                        evolution","volume":"5","author":"Ellegren","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet."},{"key":"key2.0261002113925e+13_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004023","article-title":"Abundant raw material for Cis-regulatory evolution in\n                        humans","volume":"19","author":"Rockman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113925e+13_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.135780.111","article-title":"LobSTR: a short tandem repeat profiler for personal\n                        genomes","volume":"22","author":"Gymrek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"key2.0261002113925e+13_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.05.049","article-title":"Major histocompatibility complex B variability in Korean native\n                        chicken breeds","volume":"99","author":"Manjula","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113925e+13_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2017.06.027","article-title":"LEI0258 microsatellite variability and its association with\n                        humoral and cell mediated immune responses in broiler\n                        chickens","volume":"90","author":"Esmailnejad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Immunol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113925e+13_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115203","article-title":"Allelic richness following population founding events\u2013a\n                        stochastic modeling framework incorporating gene flow and genetic\n                        drift","volume":"9","author":"Greenbaum","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLOS ONE."},{"key":"key2.0261002113925e+13_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1975.tb00807.x","article-title":"The bottleneck effect and genetic variability in\n                        populations","volume":"29","author":"Nei","year":"1975","journal-title":"Evolution."},{"key":"key2.0261002113925e+13_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1739.1998.96489.x","article-title":"Identifying populations for conservation on the basis of genetic\n                        markers","volume":"12","author":"Petit","year":"1998","journal-title":"Conserv Biol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113925e+13_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2844","article-title":"Genomics and the future of conservation genetics","volume":"11","author":"Allendorf","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet."},{"key":"key2.0261002113925e+13_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.113.158410","article-title":"Allelic diversity and its implications for the rate of\n                        adaptation","volume":"195","author":"Caballero","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genetics."},{"key":"key2.0261002113925e+13_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1017\/S0016672300012994","article-title":"A model of mutation appropriate to estimate the number of\n                        electrophoretically detectable alleles in a finite\n                        population","volume":"22","author":"Ohta","year":"1973","journal-title":"Genet Res."},{"key":"key2.0261002113925e+13_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/132.3.847","article-title":"The evolution of tandemly repetitive DNA: recombination\n                        rules","volume":"132","author":"Harding","year":"1992","journal-title":"Genetics."},{"key":"key2.0261002113925e+13_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pev363","article-title":"MHC variability in heritage breeds of chickens","volume":"95","author":"Fulton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113925e+13_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3026","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pex102","article-title":"MHC-B variability within the Finnish Landrace chicken\n                        conservation program","volume":"96","author":"Fulton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Poult Sci."}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Science and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ejast.org\/download\/download_pdf?doi=10.5187\/jast.2500118","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ejast.org\/download\/download_pdf?doi=10.5187\/jast.2500118","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T02:57:49Z","timestamp":1790909869000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ejast.org\/archive\/view_article?doi=10.5187\/jast.2500118"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.5187\/jast.2500118"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5187\/jast.2500118","relation":{},"ISSN":["2672-0191","2055-0391"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2672-0191","type":"print"},{"value":"2055-0391","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-04","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}