{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:16:26Z","timestamp":1792790186165,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Korean Society of Animal Science and Technology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Rural Development Administration, Republic of\n                                Korea","award":["PJ017599"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJ017599"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ejast.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Anim Sci Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study examined the interactive effects of body condition score (BCS) and\n                    parity on reproductive performance and health outcomes in Hanwoo cows. A total\n                    of 511 cows were grouped by parity, specifically, heifers (parity 0),\n                    multiparous cows (parity 1\u20134), and older cows (parity \u2265 5), and by\n                    BCS, specifically, under-conditioned (UC, BCS &lt; 2.5), adequate (AD, BCS\n                    2.5\u20133.5), and over-conditioned (OC, BCS \u2265 4.0). Pregnancy rates\n                    varied significantly according to parity and BCS. OC heifers had the highest\n                    conception rate (95.8%), but also exhibited increased rates of maternal (17.4%)\n                    and calf (8.7%) health issues. Multiparous cows maintained high fertility even\n                    at low BCS, although heavier male calves were associated with greater calving\n                    difficulty in the UC group. Among older cows, the AD group had the most\n                    favorable outcomes, whereas the UC group failed to conceive. Gestation was\n                    longest in heifers with AD BCS, suggesting sensitivity to maternal condition.\n                    Calf birth weight was heaviest for male calves born to UC multiparous cows, who\n                    also faced the greatest calving difficulty. Calf and dam health outcomes were\n                    poorest in OC cows, particularly heifers. Logistic regression analysis revealed\n                    significant negative interaction effects between low BCS and heifer status,\n                    indicating that the conception likelihood was reduced in these groups. The\n                    impact of BCS was strongly modulated by parity. In summary, OC may benefit\n                    fertility in heifers but increases perinatal risk, while multiparous cows\n                    tolerate lower BCS at increased calving difficulty. Older cows benefit most from\n                    maintaining a moderate BCS. These findings emphasize the need for\n                    parity-specific nutritional strategies to improve reproductive performance and\n                    herd health in Hanwoo cattle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2500124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T09:00:31Z","timestamp":1755507631000},"page":"1175-1188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5187\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of body condition score and parity on reproductive and health\n                    outcomes in Hanwoo cows"],"prefix":"10.5187","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1260-5694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myungsun","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xs9yg50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Hanwoo Research Center, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Pyeongchang, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8121-4697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sun Sik","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xs9yg50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Hanwoo Research Center, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Pyeongchang, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7785-6339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyoun Ju","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xs9yg50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Hanwoo Research Center, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Pyeongchang, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1120-3631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shil","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xs9yg50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Hanwoo Research Center, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Pyeongchang, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2758-9316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gi Suk","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xs9yg50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Hanwoo Research Center, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Pyeongchang, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7938-5051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Borhan","family":"Shokrollahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xs9yg50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Hanwoo Research Center, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Pyeongchang, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7142-8520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yonghwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xs9yg50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Hanwoo Research Center, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Pyeongchang, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9453-5377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung-Sik","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xs9yg50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Hanwoo Research Center, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Pyeongchang, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4454-5339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youl Chang","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xs9yg50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Hanwoo Research Center, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Pyeongchang, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3132","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B1","unstructured":"Lalman\n                            D\n                        \n                        \n                            Stein\n                            D\n                        \n                    \n                    Body condition scoring of cows [Internet]\n                    Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service\n                    2003\n                    [cited 2024 Mar 20]\n                    https:\/\/extension.okstate.edu\/fact-sheets\/body-condition-scoring-of-cows.html"},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B2","first-page":"411","article-title":"Effects of energy balance on follicular development and first\n                        ovulation in postpartum dairy cows","volume":"54","author":"Beam","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Reprod Fertil Suppl."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.08.011","article-title":"A herd health approach to dairy cow nutrition and production\n                        diseases of the transition cow","volume":"96","author":"Mulligan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4320(00)00076-2","article-title":"Nutritional interactions with reproductive performance in dairy\n                        cattle","volume":"60\u201361","author":"Butler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B5","first-page":"415","article-title":"Mechanisms linking nutrition and reproduction in postpartum\n                        cows","volume":"61","author":"Lucy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Reprod Suppl."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B6","first-page":"27","article-title":"Optimising reproductive performance of beef cows and replacement\n                        heifers","volume":"10","author":"Diskin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(00)00323-X","article-title":"Postpartum acyclicity in suckled beef cows: a\n                        review","volume":"54","author":"Yavas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Theriogenology."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(01)70158-0","article-title":"Reproductive loss in high-producing dairy cattle: where will it\n                        end?","volume":"84","author":"Lucy","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.14397\/jals.2019.53.3.113","article-title":"Analysis and evaluation of reproductive performance of Korean\n                        Native Cattle (Hanwoo) in Jeonbuk province","volume":"53","author":"Kwon","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Agric Life Sci."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B10","unstructured":"Korea Institute for Animal Products Quality Evaluation\n                    \n                    Data Lab [Internet]\n                    2024\n                    [cited 2024 Mar 29]\n                    https:\/\/datalab.mtrace.go.kr\/main\/mainPage.do"},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(89)79169-4","article-title":"Interrelationships between energy balance and postpartum\n                        reproductive function in dairy cattle","volume":"72","author":"Butler","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B12","volume-title":"Korean feeding standard for Hanwoo","author":"Rural Development Administration \/ National Institute of Animal\n                            Science","year":"2018"},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5769","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2431","article-title":"Invited review: body condition score and its association with\n                        dairy cow productivity, health, and welfare","volume":"92","author":"Roche","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B14","volume-title":"Official methods of analysis","author":"AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists)","year":"2005","edition":"18th ed"},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod62.5.1436","article-title":"Nutritionally induced anovulation in beef heifers: ovarian and\n                        endocrine function during realimentation and resumption of\n                        ovulation","volume":"62","author":"Bossis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol Reprod."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.2527\/1990.683853x","article-title":"Nutrition and postpartum rebreeding in cattle","volume":"68","author":"Randel","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(02)01156-1","article-title":"Effects of body condition score and score change on the\n                        reproductive performance of dairy cows: a meta-analysis","volume":"59","author":"L\u00f3pez-Gatius","year":"2003","journal-title":"Theriogenology."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-08-0488","article-title":"Effect of dietary-induced changes in plasma insulin\n                        concentrations during the early post partum period on pregnancy rate in\n                        dairy cows","volume":"137","author":"Garnsworthy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reproduction."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731114000755","article-title":"Heifer fertility and carry over consequences for life time\n                        production in dairy and beef cattle","volume":"8","author":"Wathes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2021.08.015","article-title":"Factors affecting placental size in beef cattle: maternal and\n                        fetal influences","volume":"174","author":"Redifer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theriogenology."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3459","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2009.173013","article-title":"Placental efficiency and adaptation: endocrine\n                        regulation","volume":"587","author":"Fowden","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Physiol."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3262","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2010-3214","article-title":"Effects of nutrient restriction of bovine dams during early\n                        gestation on postnatal growth and regulation of plasma\n                        glucose","volume":"88","author":"Long","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108095","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2020.108095","article-title":"Maternal energy status during late gestation: effects on growth\n                        performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of steers\n                        progeny","volume":"164","author":"Ram\u00edrez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Meat Sci."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B24","unstructured":"Moriel\n                            P\n                        \n                    \n                    Fetal programming: cow nutrition and its effects on calf performance.\n                        [Internet]\n                    NC State Extension Publications\n                    2016\n                    [cited 2024 Mar 23]\n                    https:\/\/content.ces.ncsu.edu\/fetal-programming-cow-nutrition-and-its-effects-on-calf-performance"},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2004.06.001","article-title":"Managing the dairy cow at calving time","volume":"20","author":"Mee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2006-295","article-title":"Impacts of dystocia on health and survival of dairy\n                        calves","volume":"90","author":"Lombard","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13040596","article-title":"Associations of body condition score at calving, parity, and\n                        calving season on the performance of dairy cows and their\n                        offspring","volume":"13","author":"Poczynek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2024-25529","article-title":"Late-gestation heat stress alters placental structure and\n                        function in multiparous dairy cows","volume":"108","author":"Casarotto","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.12.010","article-title":"Obesity in pregnancy stimulates macrophage accumulation and\n                        inflammation in the placenta","volume":"29","author":"Challier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Placenta."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2010.12.023","article-title":"Placental structure and inflammation in pregnancies associated\n                        with obesity","volume":"32","author":"Roberts","year":"2011","journal-title":"Placenta."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-2077","article-title":"Fetuses of obese mothers develop insulin resistance in\n                        utero","volume":"32","author":"Catalano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3105","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(04)73446-3","article-title":"Invited review: pathology, etiology, prevention, and treatment of\n                        fatty liver in dairy cows","volume":"87","author":"Bobe","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B33","unstructured":"Gr\u00fcnberg\n                            W\n                        \n                    \n                    Fatty liver disease of cattle [Internet]\n                    Merck Veterinary Manual\n                    2024\n                    [cited 2024 Mar 29]\n                    https:\/\/www.merckvetmanual.com\/metabolic-disorders\/hepatic-lipidosis\/fatty-liver-disease-of-cattle"},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(01)70170-1","article-title":"Body condition related to ketosis and reproductive performance in\n                        Norwegian dairy cows","volume":"84","author":"Gillund","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B35","volume-title":"Regression methods in biostatistics: linear, logistic, survival, and\n                        repeated measures models","author":"Vittinghoff","year":"2005","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-19425-7","volume-title":"Regression modeling strategies: with applications to linear models,\n                        logistic and ordinal regression, and survival analysis","author":"Harrell","year":"2015"},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B37","first-page":"411","article-title":"What you see may not be what you get: a brief, nontechnical\n                        introduction to overfitting in regression-type models","volume":"66","author":"Babyak","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biopsychosoc Sci Med."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2015.06.017","article-title":"The end of scientific articles as we know them?","volume":"70","author":"West","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol."},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118548387","volume-title":"Applied logistic regression","author":"Hosmer DW","year":"2013","edition":"3rd ed"},{"key":"key2.026100211395e+13_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/arh107","article-title":"A farewell to Bonferroni: the problems of low statistical power\n                        and publication bias","volume":"15","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Behav Ecol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Science and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ejast.org\/download\/download_pdf?doi=10.5187\/jast.2500124","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ejast.org\/download\/download_pdf?doi=10.5187\/jast.2500124","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T02:59:17Z","timestamp":1790909957000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ejast.org\/archive\/view_article?doi=10.5187\/jast.2500124"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.5187\/jast.2500124"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5187\/jast.2500124","relation":{},"ISSN":["2672-0191","2055-0391"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2672-0191","type":"print"},{"value":"2055-0391","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-09","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}