{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:17:34Z","timestamp":1792790254139,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Korean Society of Animal Science and Technology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Rural Development Administration","award":["PJ01560103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJ01560103"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xs9yg50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ejast.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Anim Sci Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The daily requirement for minerals is minor; nevertheless, they are essential for\n                    the metabolism, growth, and reproduction of dogs. Therefore, European Pet Food\n                    Industry Federation, Nutrient Research Council, and Association of American Feed\n                    Control Officials (AAFCO) recommend minimum levels of essential minerals in pet\n                    food. This study examined the potential availability and safety of organic\n                    minerals in adult dogs. Five-year-old, neutered female beagle dogs were fed an\n                    inorganic (IMD) or organic (OMD) mineral-based diet twice daily for two weeks\n                    each in a crossover design. The IMD included Ca(IO3)2,\n                        FeSO4, MnSO4, ZnSO4, and CuSO4;\n                    the OMD included Ca(IO3)2, glycine-chelated Fe (Fe-Gly),\n                    Mn (Mn-Gly), Zn (Zn-Gly), and Cu (Cu-Gly). The experimental diets were provided\n                    in an amount individually estimated by the maintenance energy requirement\n                    equation proposed by AAFCO, and water was provided ad libitum.\n                    No significant differences in food and energy intake, body weight, body\n                    condition score, and fecal score were observed between the IMD and OMD groups.\n                    The OMD group had significantly higher mineral (K, P, Na, Ca, Fe, Zn, Cu, and\n                    Mn) and nutrient (organic matter, dry matter, and nitrogen-free extract)\n                    digestibility than the IMD group. All parameters of complete blood count\n                    remained within the normal physiological range, despite significant differences\n                    in some parameters between these two groups. Therefore, OMD may positively\n                    influence nutritional metabolism by improving mineral and nutrient digestibility\n                    without negatively affecting body weight, body condition score, and digestive\n                    and physiological parameters in adult dogs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2500344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T00:42:57Z","timestamp":1766968977000},"page":"1306-1321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5187\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of mineral digestibility and physiological status in adult\n                    dogs fed an organic mineral-based diet"],"prefix":"10.5187","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5238-2982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyeon","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xs9yg50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Animal Welfare Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6152-8536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kangmin","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ingredient Examination Division, National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0441-3542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Han Tae","family":"Bang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xs9yg50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Animal Welfare Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9497-3345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyoung-Min","family":"So","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xs9yg50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Animal Welfare Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4860-6290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xs9yg50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Animal Welfare Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8024-1135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang-Yeob","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xs9yg50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Animal Welfare Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4861-4637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Woo-Do","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xs9yg50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Animal Welfare Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3620-9952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun-Woo","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xs9yg50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Animal Welfare Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1751-8418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Won Yong","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xs9yg50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Animal Welfare Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9834-2126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ki Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043jqrs76","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Academic-Industrial Cooperation Organization, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4618-586X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ju Lan","family":"Chun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xs9yg50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Animal Welfare Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3132","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B1","volume-title":"Nutrient requirements of dogs and cats","author":"NRC (National Research Council)","year":"2006"},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B2","volume-title":"Nutritional guidelines: for complete and complementary pet food for cats\n                        and dogs","author":"FEDIAF (The European Pet Food Industry)","year":"2021"},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B3","volume-title":"Official publication","author":"AAFCO (Association of American Feed Control Officials)","year":"2021"},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B4","first-page":"1","article-title":"General introduction","volume-title":"Minerals in animal and human nutrition","author":"McDowell","year":"2003","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1017\/S002966511600029X","article-title":"Veterinary clinical nutrition: success stories: an\n                        overview","volume":"75","author":"Davies","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc."},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B6","volume-title":"Minerals in animal and human nutrition","author":"McDowell","year":"1992"},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B7","first-page":"36","article-title":"Dietary imbalances in a large breed puppy, leading to compression\n                        fractures, vitamin D deficiency, and suspected nutritional secondary\n                        hyperparathyroidism","volume":"59","author":"Tal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can Vet J."},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17107","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17159-7","article-title":"Mineral analysis of complete dog and cat foods in the UK and\n                        compliance with European guidelines","volume":"7","author":"Davies","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B9","unstructured":"Cargo-Froom\n                            C\n                        \n                    \n                    Mineral nutrition of adult canines: whole ingredients as a primary\n                        source of minerals instead of supplemental minerals\n                    Ph.D. dissertation\n                    University of Guelph\n                    2018"},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7822","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.8b02552","article-title":"Mineral composition of dry dog foods: impact on nutrition and\n                        potential toxicity","volume":"66","author":"Pereira","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem."},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5173","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25215173","article-title":"Mineral composition of cereal and cereal-free dry dog foods\n                        versus nutritional guidelines","volume":"25","author":"Kazimierska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Molecules."},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3407","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2013-7080","article-title":"Digestibility and retention of zinc, copper, manganese, iron,\n                        calcium, and phosphorus in pigs fed diets containing inorganic or organic\n                        minerals","volume":"92","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10091660","article-title":"Application of a handheld near-infrared spectrometer to predict\n                        gelatinized starch, fiber fractions, and mineral content of ground and\n                        intact extruded dry dog food","volume":"10","author":"Goi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0162-0134(99)00094-X","article-title":"Dietary minerals in the gastrointestinal tract:\n                        hydroxypolymerisation of aluminium is regulated by luminal\n                        mucins","volume":"75","author":"Powell","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Inorg Biochem."},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12151981","article-title":"Relative bioavailability of trace minerals in production animal\n                        nutrition: a review","volume":"12","author":"Byrne","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(96)76555-4","article-title":"Copper metabolism of holstein and jersey cows and heifers fed\n                        diets high in cupric sulfate or copper proteinate","volume":"79","author":"Du","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B17","first-page":"154","article-title":"Copper can be absorbed as a Cu-peptide chelate through the PepT1\n                        transporter in the jejunum of weanling pigs","volume":"90","author":"Aldridge","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-012-9329-5","article-title":"Copper in organic proteinate or inorganic sulfate form is equally\n                        bioavailable for broiler chicks fed a conventional corn\u2013soybean meal\n                        diet","volume":"147","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res."},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B19","first-page":"1154","article-title":"Effects of diets containing organic and inorganic zinc sources on\n                        hair characteristics, zinc concentration in blood and hair, and the immune\n                        response of dogs","volume":"41","author":"Trevizan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Sci Vet."},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246950","article-title":"Effects of dietary phosphates from organic and inorganic sources\n                        on parameters of phosphorus homeostasis in healthy adult\n                        dogs","volume":"16","author":"Dobenecker","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLOS ONE."},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3509","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11123509","article-title":"Evaluation of fermented oat and black soldier fly larva as food\n                        ingredients in senior dog diets","volume":"11","author":"Seo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2024.e20","article-title":"Prediction of apparent total tract digestion of crude protein in\n                        adult dogs","volume":"66","author":"Seo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Technol."},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B23","first-page":"10","article-title":"Developmental and validation of a body condition score system for\n                        dogs","volume":"22","author":"Laflamme","year":"1997","journal-title":"Canine Pract."},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B24","first-page":"24","article-title":"Waltham feces scoring system-a tool for veterinarians and pet\n                        owners: how does your pet rate","volume":"11","author":"Moxham","year":"2001","journal-title":"Waltham Focus."},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B25","volume-title":"Official methods of analysis of AOAC International","author":"AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists\n                            International)","year":"2006","edition":"18th ed"},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-011-9042-9","article-title":"Effect of magnesium deficiency on various mineral concentrations\n                        in rat liver","volume":"144","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res."},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2593","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/128.12.2593S","article-title":"Are organic zinc sources efficacious in puppies?","volume":"128","author":"Wedekind","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.2527\/2001.7951132x","article-title":"Chemical characteristics and relative bioavailability of\n                        supplemental organic copper sources for poultry","volume":"79","author":"Guo","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.2527\/2003.8182063x","article-title":"Effects of organic forms of zinc on growth performance, tissue\n                        zinc distribution, and immune response of weanling pigs","volume":"81","author":"van Heugten","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10030400","article-title":"Effect of zinc source and exogenous enzymes supplementation on\n                        zinc status in dogs fed high phytate diets","volume":"10","author":"Pereira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-009-8437-3","article-title":"Dietary zinc glycine chelate on growth performance, tissue\n                        mineral concentrations, and serum enzyme activity in weanling\n                        piglets","volume":"133","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res."},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5420","DOI":"10.2527\/jas2017.1810","article-title":"Effects of sources and concentrations of zinc on growth\n                        performance, nutrient digestibility, and fur quality of\n                        growing\u2013furring female mink (Mustela vison)","volume":"95","author":"Cui","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.2478\/aoas-2020-0069","article-title":"Effects of dietary supplementation of iron as sulphates or\n                        glycine chelates on the productive performance and concentrations of\n                        acute-phase proteins and iron in the serum and liver tissues of broiler\n                        chickens","volume":"21","author":"Jarosz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13030345","article-title":"Comparison of the microbiome-metabolome response to copper\n                        sulfate and copper glycinate in growing pigs","volume":"13","author":"Lei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-022-00575-7","article-title":"Once-daily feeding is associated with better health in companion\n                        dogs: results from the Dog Aging Project","volume":"44","author":"Bray","year":"2022","journal-title":"GeroScience."},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2024.e21","article-title":"Effects of dietary aluminosilicate on growth performance,\n                        frequency of diarrhea, and blood profiles of weaned pigs","volume":"67","author":"Nam","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Technol."},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-018-1460-5","article-title":"Comparison of inorganic and organically bound trace minerals on\n                        tissue mineral deposition and fecal excretion in broiler\n                        breeders","volume":"189","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res."},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-021-02561-1","article-title":"Effect of replacing inorganic trace minerals at lower organic\n                        levels on growth performance, blood parameters, antioxidant status, immune\n                        indexes, and fecal mineral excretion in weaned piglets","volume":"53","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod."},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2009.70091","article-title":"Effect of inorganic and organic trace mineral supplementation on\n                        the performance, carcass characteristics, and fecal mineral excretion of\n                        phase-fed, grow-finish swine","volume":"22","author":"Burkett","year":"2009","journal-title":"Asian-Australas J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-015-0313-8","article-title":"Effects of organic and inorganic forms of manganese, zinc,\n                        copper, and chromium on bioavailability of these minerals and calcium in\n                        late-phase laying hens","volume":"167","author":"Yenice","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res."},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-020-00520-5","article-title":"Effect of advanced chelate technology based trace minerals on\n                        growth performance, mineral digestibility, tibia characteristics, and\n                        antioxidant status in broiler chickens","volume":"17","author":"Ghasemi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutr Metab."},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366314","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1366314","article-title":"Effects of organic trace minerals chelated with oligosaccharides\n                        on growth performance, blood parameters, slaughter performance and meat\n                        quality in sheep","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110937","article-title":"TRPV6 channel mediates alcohol-induced gut barrier dysfunction\n                        and systemic response","volume":"39","author":"Meena","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2022.146192","article-title":"Calcium selective channel TRPV6: structure, function, and\n                        implications in health and disease","volume":"817","author":"Khattar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gene."},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537604","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1537604","article-title":"Dietary Fe-Gly supplementation attenuates enterotoxigenic\n                        Escherichia coli (ETEC)-induced inflammation response and intestinal barrier\n                        dysfunction in piglets","volume":"12","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skz001","article-title":"Apparent and true digestibility of macro and micro nutrients in\n                        adult maintenance dog foods containing either a majority of animal or\n                        vegetable proteins","volume":"97","author":"Cargo-Froom","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B47","first-page":"1","article-title":"The importance of minerals in the health of dogs","volume":"18","author":"Stojiljkovi\u0107","year":"2023","journal-title":"EC Nutr."},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14020196","article-title":"The impact of fiber source on digestive function, fecal\n                        microbiota, and immune response in adult dogs","volume":"14","author":"Montserrat-Malagarriga","year":"2024","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-018-1436-x","article-title":"Influence of dietary protein and fructooligosaccharides on fecal\n                        fermentative end-products, fecal bacterial populations and apparent total\n                        tract digestibility in dogs","volume":"14","author":"Pinna","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res."},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B50","volume-title":"Guidelines for standard method performance requirements","author":"AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists\n                            International)","year":"2019"},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.234.3.347","article-title":"Comparison of the guaranteed analysis with the measured nutrient\n                        composition of commercial pet foods","volume":"234","author":"Hill","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc."},{"key":"key2.0261002114012e+13_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci11120655","article-title":"Vitamins, minerals and phytonutrients as modulators of canine\n                        immune function: a literature review","volume":"11","author":"Barroso","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet 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