{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:16:26Z","timestamp":1792790186066,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Korean Society of Animal Science and Technology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Rural Development Administration","award":["RS-2021-RD009516"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2021-RD009516"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xs9yg50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ejast.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Anim Sci Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Selected feed additives (probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, phytogenics, feed enzymes, and organic acids) are reviewed for reported biological responses, and some recent developments when incorporated into laying hen diets. Several feed enzymes (phytase, carbohydrase, protease, and multi-enzymes) have been adopted to improve the nutritive quality of feedstuffs by mitigating inherent digestive function inefficiencies, complementing endogenous enzyme activity, and cleaving anti-nutritional factors abundant in vegetable-based poultry diets. Phytase use is targeted at hydrolyzing phytate to liberate phosphorus and possibly other encapsulated nutrients, with widely reported environmental and economic benefits. Proteases often improve the hydrolysis of amino acids and protein complexes to improve dietary protein digestibility and utilization, potentially restoring performance losses and maintaining the egg quality of hens fed low-protein diets whose CP level has been further reduced. The digestibility-enhancing effects of fiber-degrading carbohydrases are associated with the reduction of intestinal viscosity and improved energy utilization through depolymerization of soluble non-starch polysaccharides. Considering that nutrients exist in a complex matrix involving starch and non-starch polysaccharides, protein, lipids, minerals, and vitamins, laying hens could also benefit from potential additive and synergistic effects accrued from adopting defined feed enzyme combinations. The incorporation of gut-health-promoting feed additives (pre, pro, syn- and postbiotics, phytogenics, organic acids) optimizes feed nutrient utilization by inducing immuno-stimulatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities, modulating gut immune function, and microbial balance and population. Hen responses to feed additives are context-dependent and highly variable due to various factors, including rearing system, age, breed, health status, environmental factors, feed composition and quality, and management. However, on balance, feed additive products with proven efficacy and financial value are recommended for inclusion in laying hen diets; and could potentiate optimized performance and egg quality, reduced feed costs, improved animal welfare and skeletal health, and reduced environmental stress due to nutrient excretion, thereby improving the economic and environmental sustainability of hen egg production. Strategic application of feed additive combinations could potentiate additive and synergistic responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2500369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T00:41:02Z","timestamp":1762303262000},"page":"50-71","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5187\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Prospects of feed additive incorporation in laying hen diets: a narrative review of principal biological effects and recent developments"],"prefix":"10.5187","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4364-460X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elijah Ogola","family":"Oketch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0227as991","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3693-1320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jung Min","family":"Heo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0227as991","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3132","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1080\/00439339.2021.1904314","article-title":"Future demands of the poultry industry: will we meet our commitments sustainably in developed and developing economies?","volume":"77","author":"Kleyn","year":"2021","journal-title":"World\u2019s Poult Sci J."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.5851\/kosfa.2022.e3","article-title":"Antioxidant and immune-modulating activities of egg yolk protein extracts","volume":"42","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Sci Anim Resour."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B3","article-title":"Evaluating phenotypic correlations between internal and external egg quality indicators of Hy-Line Brown laying hens at 35 weeks of age","author":"Oketch","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Technol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B4","volume-title":"Production, trade and prices of commodities","author":"FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations)","year":"2023"},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668.2016.1161727","article-title":"Increasing persistency in lay and stabilising egg quality in longer laying cycles. What are the challenges?","volume":"57","author":"Bain","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101672","article-title":"Bone and eggshell quality throughout an extended laying cycle in three strains of layers spanning 50 years of selection","volume":"101","author":"Hanlon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"txae013","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txae013","article-title":"Comparative impact of bacitracin and select feed additives in the feeding program of Lohmann LSL-Lite pullets at the onset of lay through to 31 weeks of age","volume":"8","author":"Kiarie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trans Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13859","article-title":"Physiology of lipid digestion and absorption in poultry: an updated review on the supplementation of exogenous emulsifiers in broiler diets","volume":"107","author":"Oketch","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0396.2012.01284.x","article-title":"Gastrointestinal health and function in weaned pigs: a review of feeding strategies to control post-weaning diarrhoea without using in-feed antimicrobial compounds","volume":"97","author":"Heo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2015-9835","article-title":"Performance, digestive function, and mucosal responses to selected feed additives for pigs","volume":"94","author":"Kiarie","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2025.116371","article-title":"Role of feed additives in poultry nutrition: historical, current and future perspectives","volume":"326","author":"Perera","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B12","unstructured":"KleynR\nRoosendaalB\n\nThe use of new-era feed additives to enhance gut health, immune status, nutrient absorption and broiler performance\nPresented at 7th International Broiler Nutritionists\u2019 Conference, Poultry Beyond 2030\n2024 Sep 16-20\nQueenstown, New Zealand"},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.101696","article-title":"Alternatives to antibiotics for organic poultry production: types, modes of action and impacts on bird\u2019s health and production","volume":"101","author":"Abd El-Hack","year":"2022","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422413000048","article-title":"The role of added feed enzymes in promoting gut health in swine and poultry","volume":"26","author":"Kiarie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr Res Rev."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.3382\/japr.2013-00739","article-title":"Feed enzymes: the science, practice, and metabolic realities","volume":"22","author":"Ravindran","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Appl Poult Res."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.17221\/2321-CJAS","article-title":"Supplemental wheat bran and microbial phytase could replace inorganic phosphorus in laying hen diets","volume":"52","author":"Yao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Czech J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japr.2024.100407","article-title":"The response of laying hen production, performance, bone health, and inositol levels to limestone particle size ratios and phytase levels supplemented during the post-peak period (40\u201360 wk of age)","volume":"33","author":"Waters","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Appl Poult Res."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2013.09.011","article-title":"Effect of a novel plant phytase on performance, egg quality, apparent ileal nutrient digestibility and bone mineralization of laying hens fed corn\u2013soybean diets","volume":"186","author":"Gao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3219","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14223219","article-title":"Dosing of bacterial phytase (EC 3.1.3.26) in laying hens\u2019 diets","volume":"14","author":"Lima","year":"2024","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.103886","article-title":"Nutritional and physiological responses to dietary phosphorus levels and phytase in pullets and laying hens","volume":"103","author":"Park","year":"2024","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2122","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey566","article-title":"Phytase as an alleviator of high-temperature stress in broilers fed adequate and low dietary calcium","volume":"98","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103141","article-title":"Heat stress and poultry production: a comprehensive review","volume":"102","author":"Oluwagbenga","year":"2023","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1080\/00439339.2023.2239769","article-title":"An update on heat stress in laying hens","volume":"79","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"World\u2019s Poult Sci J."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2015.06.024","article-title":"Effect of phytase supplementation of diets with different levels of rice bran and non-phytate phosphorus on productive performance, egg quality traits, leukocytes profile and serum lipids of laying hens reared indoor under high environmental temperatures","volume":"207","author":"Mohebbifar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.7744\/kjoas.20210030","article-title":"Determination of dietary Ca and P levels and their equivalence values of phytase and vitamin D\u2083 for improved growth performance in weanling pigs","volume":"48","author":"Ogola","year":"2021","journal-title":"Korean J Agric Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e26098","article-title":"Effects of dietary digestible amino acids and a novel exogenous sfericase protease on growth performance of broilers","volume":"10","author":"Stefanello","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1080\/00439339.2022.2003170","article-title":"Caecal protein fermentation in broilers: a review","volume":"78","author":"Elling-Staats","year":"2022","journal-title":"World\u2019s Poult Sci J."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japr.2024.100452","article-title":"Effects of protease enzyme supplementation and varying levels of amino acid inclusion on productive performance, egg quality, amino acid digestibility, and economics of egg production in Hy-Line W-36 laying hen from 50 to 70 wk of age","volume":"33","author":"Poudel","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Appl Poult Res."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.104977","article-title":"Multiprotease supplementation in laying hen diets: impact on performance, egg quality, digestibility, gut histomorphology, and sustainability","volume":"104","author":"Oketch","year":"2025","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.13658","article-title":"Effects of alkaline protease on the production performance, egg quality, and cecal microbiota of hens during late laying period","volume":"92","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim Sci J."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102465","article-title":"Effects of protease enzyme supplementation and varying levels of amino acid inclusion on productive performance, egg quality, and amino acid digestibility in laying hens from 30 to 50 weeks of age","volume":"102","author":"Poudel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2013.05.006","article-title":"Protease supplementation of sorghum-based broiler diets enhances amino acid digestibility coefficients in four small intestinal sites and accelerates their rates of digestion","volume":"183","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2016.04.015","article-title":"Toward optimal value creation through the application of exogenous mono-component protease in the diets of non-ruminants","volume":"221","author":"Cowieson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/jan.2014.5","article-title":"Bioefficacy of a mono-component protease in the diets of pigs and poultry: a meta-analysis of effect on ileal amino acid digestibility","volume":"2","author":"Cowieson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Appl Anim Nutr."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2020.62.5.614","article-title":"The effect of protease on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and expression of growth-related genes and amino acid transporters in broilers","volume":"62","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Technol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3963","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pez132","article-title":"Effect of a low protein diet on chicken ceca microbiome and productive performances","volume":"98","author":"de Cesare","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.103546","article-title":"Multiprotease improves amino acid release in vitro, energy, and nutrient utilization in broilers fed diets varying in crude protein levels","volume":"103","author":"Pe\u00f1uela-Sierra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"skae086","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skae086","article-title":"Effects of different supplemental levels of protease DE200 on the production performance, egg quality, and cecum microflora of laying hens","volume":"102","author":"Cai","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102798","article-title":"Effects of dietary protein levels on performance, nitrogen excretion, and odor emission of growing pullets and laying hens","volume":"102","author":"Heo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japr.2023.100357","article-title":"Estimating energy utilization in laying hens: what are the best response criteria?","volume":"32","author":"Lyons","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Appl Poult Res."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2013.13702","article-title":"Nutritional factors affecting abdominal fat deposition in poultry: a review","volume":"27","author":"Fouad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian-Australas J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s42523-023-00287-z","article-title":"Dietary novel alkaline protease from Bacillus licheniformis improves broiler meat nutritional value and modulates intestinal microbiota and metabolites","volume":"6","author":"Yi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anim Microbiome."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.4025\/actascianimsci.v37i1.22830","article-title":"Effect of protease supplementation on production performance of laying hens","volume":"37","author":"Filho","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Sci Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B44","volume-title":"Protein and amino acid requirements for poultry","author":"Applegate","year":"2008"},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey041","article-title":"Performance, egg quality, nutrient digestibility, and excreta microbiota shedding in laying hens fed corn-soybean-meal-wheat-based diets supplemented with xylanase","volume":"97","author":"Lei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2023.e114","article-title":"Feeding dietary non-starch polysaccharides supplemented with xylanase could improve the performance of broilers","volume":"66","author":"Maniraguha","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Technol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.103521","article-title":"Effects of \u03b2-mannanase supplementation on productive performance, inflammation, energy metabolism, and cecum microbiota composition of laying hens fed with reduced-energy diets","volume":"103","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.2141\/jpsa.0160021","article-title":"\u03b2-Mannanase derived from Bacillus subtilis WL-7 improves the performance of commercial laying hens fed low or high mannan-based diets","volume":"54","author":"Ryu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e01437","article-title":"An update on carbohydrases: growth performance and intestinal health of poultry","volume":"5","author":"Raza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"txab160","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txab160","article-title":"Significance of single \u03b2-mannanase supplementation on performance and energy utilization in broiler chickens, laying hens, turkeys, sows, and nursery-finish pigs: a meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Kiarie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105222","article-title":"Metabolizable energy and amino acid-deficient diets supplemented with \u03b2-mannanase in response to growth performance, intestinal health, and immune response in broilers","volume":"104","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"skae299","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skae299","article-title":"A study of solely used phytase or in combination with multi-carbohydrase on growth performance along with tibia mineralization, and carcass traits in broilers fed nutrient-deficient diets","volume":"102","author":"Sta. Cruz","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.3382\/japr.2013-00841","article-title":"Effects of xylanase supplementation of corn-soybean meal-dried distiller\u2019s grain diets on performance, metabolizable energy, and body composition when fed to first-cycle laying hens","volume":"23","author":"Bobeck","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Appl Poult Res."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.5713\/ab.23.0340","article-title":"Xylanase supplementation in energy-deficient corn-based diets: impact on broiler growth, nutrient digestibility, chyme viscosity and carcass proximates","volume":"37","author":"Sta. Cruz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anim Biosci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668.2021.2003754","article-title":"Dietary soluble non-starch polysaccharide level and xylanase influence the gastrointestinal environment and nutrient utilisation in laying hens","volume":"63","author":"Nguyen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1080\/00071660600834175","article-title":"Effects of commercial enzyme preparations on egg and eggshell quality in laying hens","volume":"47","author":"Roberts","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2020.05.012","article-title":"Dietary soluble non-starch polysaccharide level and xylanase supplementation influence performance, egg quality and nutrient utilization in laying hens fed wheat-based diets","volume":"7","author":"Nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim Nutr."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.4081\/ijas.2009.155","article-title":"Effects of whole wheat with or without xylanase supplementation on performance of layers and digestive organ development","volume":"8","author":"Senkoylu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ital J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.4141\/CJAS09081","article-title":"Effects of xylanase enzyme supplementation to corn\/wheat-based diets on performance and egg quality in laying hens","volume":"90","author":"Cufadar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3382\/japr.2008-00047","article-title":"Effect of dietary energy, protein, and a versatile enzyme on hen performance, egg solids, egg composition, and egg quality of Hy-Line W-36 hens during second cycle, phase two","volume":"18","author":"Gunawardana","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Appl Poult Res."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1093\/japr\/14.1.77","article-title":"Multiple-enzyme (avizyme) supplementation of corn-soy-based layer diets","volume":"14","author":"Scheideler","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Appl Poult Res."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4889","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pez237","article-title":"Effects of multi-enzyme on production performance, egg quality, nutrient digestibility, and excreta noxious gas emission of early phase Hy-Line Brown hens","volume":"98","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104461","article-title":"Effects supplementation of novel multi-enzyme on laying performance, egg quality, and intestinal health and digestive function of laying hens","volume":"103","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2398122","DOI":"10.1080\/23311932.2024.2398122","article-title":"The effect of multicarbohydrase-phytase complex supplementation on the egg production performance, egg quality, and economics of laying hens","volume":"10","author":"Juan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cogent Food Agric."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00600","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00600-20","article-title":"The gut microbiota of laying hens and its manipulation with prebiotics and probiotics to enhance gut health and food safety","volume":"86","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102008","article-title":"Intestinal microbiota of layer hens and its association with egg quality and safety","volume":"101","author":"Dai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.5713\/ab.23.0495","article-title":"Laying hen responses to multi-strain Bacillus-based probiotic supplementation from 25 to 37 weeks of age","volume":"37","author":"Oketch","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anim Biosci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.02.031","article-title":"Probiotics and prebiotics in animal feeding for safe food production","volume":"141","author":"Gagg\u00eca","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.5713\/ab.21.0485","article-title":"An updated review on probiotics as an alternative of antibiotics in poultry: a review","volume":"35","author":"Yaqoob","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim Biosci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jssas.2014.06.001","article-title":"Role of nutraceuticals in gut health and growth performance of poultry","volume":"15","author":"Sugiharto","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Saudi Soc Agric Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.102840","article-title":"Ameliorative avian gut environment and bird productivity through the application of safe antibiotics alternatives: a comprehensive review","volume":"102","author":"Salem","year":"2023","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/85.2.364","article-title":"Effects of a dried Bacillus subtilis culture on egg quality","volume":"85","author":"Xu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.21775\/9781910190098.29","article-title":"Cholesterol-lowering effects of probiotics and prebiotics","volume-title":"Probiotics and prebiotics: current research and future trends","author":"Liong","year":"2015"},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11030623","article-title":"Relationship between bone quality, egg production and eggshell quality in laying hens at the end of an extended production cycle (105 weeks)","volume":"11","author":"Alfonso-Carrillo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.05.035","article-title":"Explanations for keel bone fractures in laying hens: are there explanations in addition to elevated egg production?","volume":"99","author":"Toscano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101174","article-title":"Prebiotics and alternative poultry production","volume":"100","author":"Ricke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3390\/encyclopedia5010035","article-title":"The application of probiotics and prebiotics in poultry production and impacts on environment: a review","volume":"5","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Encyclopedia"},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"txae123","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txae123","article-title":"Mannan oligosaccharides as a prebiotic for laying hens: effects on fertility, hatchability, productive performance, and immunity","volume":"8","author":"Youssef","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1550","article-title":"Effects of adding different levels of fructooligosaccharide to diet on productive performance, egg quality traits, immune response and blood metabolites in commercial laying hens","volume":"10","author":"Alsherify","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet Med Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125897","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1125897","article-title":"Effects of dietary Clostridium butyricum and fructooligosaccharides, alone or in combination, on performance, egg quality, amino acid digestibility, jejunal morphology, immune function, and antioxidant capacity of laying hens","volume":"14","author":"Obianwuna","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2434463","DOI":"10.1080\/09540105.2024.2434463","article-title":"An overview of postbiotics: unveiling their distinct role in gut health","volume":"35","author":"Ikram","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Agric Immunol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9061-2024-1939","article-title":"Advantages of the use of postbiotics in poultry production: a new concept","volume":"26","author":"Waqas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Braz J Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668.2012.659653","article-title":"Egg production, faecal pH and microbial population, small intestine morphology, and plasma and yolk cholesterol in laying hens given liquid metabolites produced by Lactobacillus plantarum strains","volume":"53","author":"Choe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10020172","article-title":"Role of physiology, immunity, microbiota, and infectious diseases in the gut health of poultry","volume":"10","author":"Wickramasuriya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.3923\/ijps.2005.488.492","article-title":"Effect of probiotic supplements on egg quality and laying hen\u2019s performance","volume":"4","author":"Mahdavi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-018-0310-9","article-title":"Strategies to modulate the intestinal microbiota and their effects on nutrient utilization, performance, and health of poultry","volume":"10","author":"Yadav","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101563","article-title":"Effect of blending encapsulated essential oils and organic acids as an antibiotic growth promoter alternative on growth performance and intestinal health in broilers with necrotic enteritis","volume":"101","author":"Pham","year":"2022","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture14101756","article-title":"Applications of organic acids in poultry production: an updated and comprehensive review","volume":"14","author":"Abd El-Ghany","year":"2024","journal-title":"Agriculture"},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B89","first-page":"1015","article-title":"Effect of acetic acid supplementation on egg quality characteristics of commercial laying hens during hot season","volume":"7","author":"Kadim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2023.103297","article-title":"Effect of guanidinoacetic acid on performance, egg quality, yolk fatty acid composition, and nutrient digestibility of aged laying hens fed diets with varying substitution levels of corn with low-tannin sorghum","volume":"103","author":"Azizollahi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.17221\/207\/2009-CJAS","article-title":"Laying performance and eggshell quality in laying hens fed diets supplemented with prebiotics and organic acids","volume":"55","author":"\u015awi\u0105tkiewicz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Czech J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.3382\/japr.2009-00043","article-title":"Effect of dietary available phosphorus and organic acids on the performance and egg quality of laying hens","volume":"18","author":"Park","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Appl Poult Res."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-84782000000300022","article-title":"Supplementation with organics acids in diet of laying hens","volume":"30","author":"Gama","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cienc Rural."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1399\/eps.2013.5","article-title":"Effect of organic acids in diet on laying hens\u2019 performance, egg quality indices, intestinal microflora, and small intestinal villi height","volume":"78","author":"G\u00fcl","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10030416","article-title":"Protected organic acids improved growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and decreased gas emission in broilers","volume":"10","author":"Nguyen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0396.2008.00876.x","article-title":"Effect of an organic acid blend and phytase added to a rapeseed cake-containing diet on performance, intestinal morphology, caecal microflora activity and thyroid status of broiler chickens","volume":"94","author":"Smulikowska","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104710","article-title":"Effects of combined use of compound acidifiers and plant essential oils in feed on the reproductive performance and physiological status of Xianjv chickens","volume":"104","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1017\/S0043933909000087","article-title":"Dietary modulation of gut microflora in broiler chickens: a review of the role of six kinds of alternatives to in-feed antibiotics","volume":"65","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"World\u2019s Poult Sci J."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3390\/app13010099","article-title":"Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of selected phytogenics for sustainable poultry production","volume":"13","author":"Mnisi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1163\/2049257x-20251009","article-title":"Gut detoxification and antioxidant responses in laying hens supplemented with phytogenics","volume":"13","author":"Anagnostopoulos","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Appl Anim Nutr."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2025.e26","article-title":"A thorough review of phytogenic feed additives in non-ruminant nutrition: production, gut health, and environmental concerns","volume":"67","author":"Biswas","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Technol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1017\/S0043933913000032","article-title":"Beneficial effects of phytoadditives in broiler nutrition","volume":"69","author":"Puva\u010da","year":"2013","journal-title":"World\u2019s Poult Sci J."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.01.029","article-title":"Citrullus lanatus essential oils inclusion in diets elicit nutraceutical effects on egg production, egg quality, and physiological characteristics in layer hens","volume":"99","author":"Marume","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japr.2019.12.001","article-title":"Production performance, egg quality, and small intestine histomorphology of the laying hens supplemented with phytogenic feed additive","volume":"29","author":"Sharma","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Appl Poult Res."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3471","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11123471","article-title":"Phytogenic feed additives in poultry: achievements, prospective and challenges","volume":"11","author":"Abdelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1515\/aoas-2016-0038","article-title":"The effect of dietary essential oil mixture supplementation on performance, egg quality and bone characteristics in laying hens","volume":"16","author":"Olgun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2017.03.005","article-title":"Effects of essential oils on performance, egg quality, nutrient digestibility and yolk fatty acid profile in laying hens","volume":"3","author":"Ding","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anim Nutr."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3235","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14223235","article-title":"Dietary oregano oil supplementation improved egg quality by altering cecal microbiota function in laying hens","volume":"14","author":"Xian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens4010137","article-title":"Phytogenic compounds as alternatives to in-feed antibiotics: potentials and challenges in application","volume":"4","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.20473\/jmv.vol7.iss2.2024.388-406","article-title":"Optimization of poultry physiological condition in the post-antibiotic era through nutritional intervention: a review","volume":"7","author":"Sugiharto","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Med Vet."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0257681","article-title":"Xylanase impact beyond performance: a microbiome approach in laying hens","volume":"16","author":"van Hoeck","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229485","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1229485","article-title":"Dietary supplementation with \u03b2-mannanase and probiotics as a strategy to improve laying hen performance and egg quality","volume":"10","author":"Carvalho","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0240264","article-title":"Stimbiotic supplementation improved performance and reduced inflammatory response via stimulating fiber fermenting microbiome in weaner pigs housed in a poor sanitary environment and fed an antibiotic-free low zinc oxide diet","volume":"15","author":"Cho","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"key2.0261002113611e+13_B114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102210","article-title":"Impact of fermentable fiber, xylo-oligosaccharides and xylanase on laying hen productive performance and nutrient utilization","volume":"101","author":"Morgan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Poult Sci."}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Science and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ejast.org\/download\/download_pdf?doi=10.5187\/jast.2500369","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ejast.org\/download\/download_pdf?doi=10.5187\/jast.2500369","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T02:42:35Z","timestamp":1790908955000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ejast.org\/archive\/view_article?doi=10.5187\/jast.2500369"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":114,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.5187\/jast.2500369"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5187\/jast.2500369","relation":{},"ISSN":["2672-0191","2055-0391"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2672-0191","type":"print"},{"value":"2055-0391","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}