{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:15:31Z","timestamp":1792790131942,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Korean Society of Animal Science and Technology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","award":["RS-2023-00210634"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00210634"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013aysd81","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ejast.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Anim Sci Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study evaluated the effects of dietary threonine (Thr) and arginine (Arg) concentrations\n     on growth performance, meat quality, stress indicators, antioxidant capacity, and gut health in\n     broiler chickens raised under multiple stress conditions. A total of 280 21-d-old broiler\n     chickens were randomly allotted to 4 treatments with 8 replicates. The positive control (PC)\n     group was raised under normal rearing conditions (thermoneutral temperature and low stocking\n     density; 22.6 \u00b1 0.6\u00b0C for 24 h and 15.2 birds\/m2), whereas the\n     remaining groups were subjected to multiple stress conditions (cyclic heat stress and high\n     stocking density; 29.3 \u00b1 0.9\u00b0C for 10 h, 22.8 \u00b1 0.8\u00b0C for 14 h, and\n     30.3 birds\/m2). Both the PC and negative control (NC) groups received a basal diet,\n     while the other two groups were provided diets containing 1.3-fold higher concentrations of\n     digestible Thr or Arg compared to the basal diet. Experimental diets and water were supplied ad\n     libitum for 14 d. Results indicated that growth performance was decreased (p\n     &lt; 0.05) in NC, Thr, and Arg groups compared to PC group. Birds in NC group had greater\n      (p &lt; 0.05) heterophil to lymphocyte ratio and feather corticosterone\n     (CORT) concentrations than those in PC group. Under multiple stress conditions, Thr and Arg\n     groups showed less (p &lt; 0.05) feather CORT concentrations than NC group. In\n     hepatic tissue, reactive oxygen species levels were increased (p &lt; 0.05) in\n     NC and Arg groups compared to PC group. Jejunal nitric oxide levels were increased\n      (p &lt; 0.05) in NC group compared to PC, Thr, and Arg groups. Under multiple\n     stress, Thr and Arg treatment groups exhibited greater (p &lt; 0.05)\n     transepithelial electrical resistance values than NC group. The expression levels of\n      OCLN, ZO-1, and HSP70 were greater\n      (p &lt; 0.05) in Thr and Arg groups than in NC group. In conclusion,\n     increasing dietary concentrations of Thr and Arg improves intestinal integrity and mitigates\n     stress response in broiler chickens exposed to multiple stress.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2500450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T05:52:56Z","timestamp":1770270776000},"page":"1477-1500","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5187\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of dietary threonine and arginine on growth performance, stress\n     indicators, and gut health in broiler chickens under multiple stress"],"prefix":"10.5187","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9151-0135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeong Bin","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1938-977X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ju Yeong","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8352-4182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ha Neul","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1849-053X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gyu Lim","family":"Yeom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3453-6941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geun Yong","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7167-5425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji Won","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0289-2949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jong Hyuk","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3132","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1981.521150x","article-title":"What is animal stress and how is it measured?","volume":"52","author":"Stott","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.3390\/f9050259","article-title":"Assessing climate change impact on forest habitat suitability and diversity in\n      the Korean Peninsula","volume":"9","author":"Lim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Forests"},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934381","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.934381","article-title":"A review of heat stress in chickens. Part I: insights into physiology and gut\n      health","volume":"13","author":"Brugaletta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Physiol."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B4","volume-title":"Feeds and nutrition: formerly feeds and nutrition, complete","author":"Ensminger","year":"1990"},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.3390\/ani3020356","article-title":"Impact of heat stress on poultry production","volume":"3","author":"Lara","year":"2013","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00812","article-title":"Heat stress impairs performance parameters, induces intestinal injury, and\n      decreases macrophage activity in broiler chickens","volume":"89","author":"Quinteiro-Filho","year":"2010","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2500205","article-title":"Nutritional strategies to alleviate heat stress in broiler chickens and laying\n      hens: role of functional nutrients","volume":"67","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Technol."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1017\/S096272860002323X","article-title":"The effect of stocking density on the welfare and behaviour of broiler chickens\n      reared commercially","volume":"10","author":"Hall","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anim Welf"},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9030107","article-title":"Effect of heat stress and stocking density on growth performance, breast meat\n      quality, and intestinal barrier function in broiler chickens","volume":"9","author":"Goo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japr.2023.100344","article-title":"Impact of stocking density on the welfare and productivity of broiler chickens\n      reared to 34 d of age","volume":"32","author":"Shynkaruk","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Appl Poult Res."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2025.116303","article-title":"Effects of dietary concentration of threonine on growth performance, meat\n      quality, antioxidant capacity, stress biomarker, and intestinal barrier function in broiler\n      chickens raised under multiple stress conditions","volume":"323","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1093\/japr\/9.2.223","article-title":"Limiting amino acid responses in commercial broilers","volume":"9","author":"Kidd","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Appl Poult Res."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.2478\/aoas-2018-0020","article-title":"Threonine in broiler diets: an updated review","volume":"18","author":"Qaisrani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B14","first-page":"1192","article-title":"Specific roles of threonine in intestinal mucosal integrity and barrier\n      function","volume":"3","author":"Mao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front Biosci."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.4.736","article-title":"Mucin dynamics in the chick small intestine are altered by\n      starvation","volume":"134","author":"Smirnov","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-010-0131-2","article-title":"Intestinal goblet cells and mucins in health and disease: recent insights and\n      progress","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Gastroenterol Rep."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pex394","article-title":"Threonine, arginine, and glutamine: in\ufb02uences on intestinal physiology,\n      immunology, and microbiology in broilers","volume":"97","author":"Bortoluzzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-008-0210-y","article-title":"Arginine metabolism and nutrition in growth, health and disease","volume":"37","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199409000-00023","article-title":"Creatine deficiency in the brain: a new, treatable inborn error of\n      metabolism","volume":"36","author":"St\u00f6ckler","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pediatr Res."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4202","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.071054698","article-title":"Role of the arginine-nitric oxide pathway in the regulation of vascular smooth\n      muscle cell proliferation","volume":"98","author":"Ignarro","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2949","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13182949","article-title":"The functional roles of methionine and arginine in intestinal and bone health of\n      poultry: review","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114513003863","article-title":"Dietary L-arginine supplementation attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced\n      in\ufb02ammatory response in broiler chickens","volume":"111","author":"Tan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Nutr."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-019-0371-4","article-title":"In vivo and in vitro protective effect of arginine against intestinal\n      inflammatory response induced by Clostridium perfringens in broiler chickens","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B24","volume-title":"Ross Broiler: nutrition specifications","author":"Aviagen","year":"2022"},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3642","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.8223","article-title":"Effects of self-carbon dioxide-generation material for active packaging on pH,\n      water-holding capacity, meat color, lipid oxidation and microbial growth in beef during cold\n      storage","volume":"97","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Sci Food Agric."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifset.2023.103455","article-title":"Effect of plasma-activated organic acids against Salmonella typhimurium and\n      Escherichia coli O157:H7 inoculated on pork loin and its quality\n      characteristics","volume":"88","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pev194","article-title":"Effect of dietary probiotic and high stocking density on the performance,\n      carcass yield, gut microflora, and stress indicators of broilers","volume":"94","author":"Cengiz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2021.e77","article-title":"Effects of stocking density and dietary vitamin C on performance, meat quality,\n      intestinal permeability, and stress indicators in broiler chickens","volume":"63","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Technol."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2008.01387.x","article-title":"Corticosterone in feathers is a long-term, integrated measure of avian stress\n      physiology","volume":"22","author":"Bortolotti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Funct Ecol."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.2307\/1592746","article-title":"The use of selected plasma enzyme activities for the diagnosis of fatty\n      liver-hemorrhagic syndrome in laying hens","volume":"43","author":"Diaz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Avian Dis."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2011.11418","article-title":"Nutritional and hormonal induction of fatty liver syndrome and effects of\n      dietary lipotropic factors in egg-type male chicks","volume":"25","author":"Choi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian-Australas J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B32","volume-title":"Official methods of analysis","author":"AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists)","year":"2007","edition":"18th ed"},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.06.009","article-title":"Differences in performance, body conformation, and welfare of conventional and\n      slow-growing broiler chickens raised at 2 stocking densities","volume":"99","author":"Weimer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B34","volume-title":"Welfare Quality\u00ae Assessment protocol for poultry","author":"Welfare Quality","year":"2009","edition":"1st ed"},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B35","volume-title":"Manual of histologic staining methods of the Armed Forces Institute of\n      Pathology","author":"Luna","year":"1968","edition":"3rd ed"},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/79.11.1578","article-title":"Effects of luminal nutrient absorption, intraluminal physical stimulation, and\n      intravenous parenteral alimentation on the recovery responses of duodenal villus morphology\n      following feed withdrawal in chickens","volume":"79","author":"Tarachai","year":"2000","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2014.988122","article-title":"Quantitative histo-morphometric analysis of heat-stress-related damage in the\n      small intestines of broiler chickens","volume":"44","author":"Santos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2018.05.013","article-title":"Effect of dietary supplementation of betaine on productive performance, egg\n      quality and jejunal tight junction-related gene expression in laying hens raised under hot\n      environmental conditions","volume":"214","author":"Shin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Livest Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1078\/0723-2020-00079","article-title":"On the specificity of PCR detection of listeria monocytogenes in food: a\n      comparison of published primers","volume":"25","author":"Aznar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Syst Appl Microbiol."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219720010004963","article-title":"Analysis of qPCR data by converting exponentially related Ct values into\n      linearly related X0 values","volume":"8","author":"Thomsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bioinform Comput Biol."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B41","volume-title":"Principles and procedures of statistics: a biometrical approach","author":"Steel","year":"1997","edition":"3rd ed"},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0690774","article-title":"Effect of environmental stress on the ascorbic acid requirement of laying\n      hens","volume":"69","author":"Cheng","year":"1990","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-015-0964-3","article-title":"Environmental temperature and stocking density effects on acute phase proteins,\n      heat shock protein 70, circulating corticosterone and performance in broiler\n      chickens","volume":"59","author":"Najafi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1080\/00439339.2025.2506399","article-title":"In\ufb02uence of functional nutrients on poultry performance and health by\n      reducing stress response under environmental stress","volume":"81","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Worlds Poult Sci J."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1080\/00439339.2021.1938340","article-title":"The importance of nutrition in preventing heat stress at poultry","volume":"77","author":"Olgun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Worlds Poult Sci J."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2025.646-657","article-title":"Effects of high dietary threonine supplementation on growth performance, health\n      biomarkers, and intestinal histology in cyclic heat-stressed broilers","volume":"18","author":"Khalid","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vet World"},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155324","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1155324","article-title":"Metabolic and microbiota response to arginine supplementation and cyclic heat\n      stress in broiler chickens","volume":"14","author":"Brugaletta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Physiol."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey491","article-title":"Effect of stocking density and sex on growth performance, meat quality, and\n      intestinal barrier function in broiler chickens","volume":"98","author":"Goo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101338","article-title":"Modeling the performance of broilers under heat stress","volume":"100","author":"Andretta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-635X2003000100003","article-title":"Intestinal and pancreas enzyme activity of broilers exposed to thermal\n      stress","volume":"5","author":"Routman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Braz J Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4113","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pez249","article-title":"Expression of digestive enzyme and intestinal transporter genes during chronic\n      heat stress in the thermally manipulated broiler chicken","volume":"98","author":"Al-Zghoul","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2024.03.018","article-title":"Increasing concentrations of dietary threonine, tryptophan, and glycine improve\n      growth performance and intestinal health with decreasing stress responses in broiler chickens\n      raised under multiple stress conditions","volume":"18","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anim Nutr."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1017\/S0043933915000367","article-title":"Meat quality in fast-growing broiler chickens","volume":"71","author":"Petracci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Worlds Poult Sci J."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey399","article-title":"How can heat stress affect chicken meat quality? \u2013 a\n      review","volume":"98","author":"Zaboli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242094","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1242094","article-title":"Impact of chronic heat stress on behavior, oxidative status and meat quality\n      traits of fast-growing broiler chickens","volume":"14","author":"Mancinelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Physiol."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2011-01597","article-title":"Effects of stocking density on growth performance, carcass yield, and immune\n      status of a local chicken breed","volume":"91","author":"Tong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.1.227S","article-title":"Signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms through which branched-chain amino\n      acids mediate translational control of protein synthesis","volume":"136","author":"Kimball","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1079\/NRR2006120","article-title":"Mechanisms involved in the nutritional regulation of mRNA translation: features\n      of the avian model","volume":"19","author":"Tesseraud","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nutr Res Rev."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.03.017","article-title":"mTOR signaling in growth control and disease","volume":"149","author":"Laplante","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2592","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13082592","article-title":"Physiological functions of threonine in animals: beyond nutrition\n      metabolism","volume":"13","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114518000740","article-title":"Dietary L-threonine supplementation attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced\n      in\ufb02ammatory responses and intestinal barrier damage of broiler chickens at an early\n      age","volume":"119","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Nutr."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B62","first-page":"55","article-title":"How do glucocorticoids influence stress responses? Integrating permissive,\n      suppressive, stimulatory, and preparative actions","volume":"21","author":"Sapolsky","year":"2000","journal-title":"Endocr Rev."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2006.12.034","article-title":"Altered development and protein metabolism in skeletal muscles of broiler\n      chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) by corticosterone","volume":"147","author":"Dong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2020.62.6.884","article-title":"Effects of feather processing methods on quantity of extracted corticosterone in\n      broiler chickens","volume":"62","author":"Ataallahi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Technol."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.2307\/1590198","article-title":"Evaluation of the heterophil\/lymphocyte ratio as a measure of stress in\n      chickens","volume":"27","author":"Gross","year":"1983","journal-title":"Avian Dis."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2008.01467.x","article-title":"The use of leukocyte pro\ufb01les to measure stress in vertebrates: a review\n      for ecologists","volume":"22","author":"Davis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Funct Ecol."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s12192-021-01204-6","article-title":"Stress and immunity in poultry: light management and nanotechnology as effective\n      immune enhancers to fight stress","volume":"26","author":"Abo-Al-Ela","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Stress Chaperones"},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/82.8.1313","article-title":"Physiological effects of elevated plasma corticosterone concentrations in\n      broiler chickens. An alternative means by which to assess the physiological effects of\n      stress","volume":"82","author":"Post","year":"2003","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2016.05.002","article-title":"Measuring corticosterone in feathers: strengths, limitations, and suggestions\n      for the future","volume":"202","author":"Michael Romero","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.101868","article-title":"Comparison of stress biomarkers in laying hens raised under a long-term multiple\n      stress condition","volume":"101","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B71","first-page":"4071","article-title":"Experimental relationships between levels of corticosterone in plasma and\n      feathers in a free-living bird","volume":"216","author":"Fairhurst","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Exp Biol."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14071116","article-title":"Assessment of welfare problems in broilers: focus on musculoskeletal problems\n      associated with their rapid growth","volume":"14","author":"Kwon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.13-0321","article-title":"Effect of litter moisture on the development of footpad dermatitis in broiler\n      chickens","volume":"76","author":"Taira","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8563","DOI":"10.12681\/jhvms.35239","article-title":"Comparison of cage versus floor rearing systems on broiler performance, welfare\n      and behavioral parameters","volume":"76","author":"Yilmaz Dikmen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hell Vet Med Soc."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pez510","article-title":"Effects of environmental complexity on welfare indicators of fast-growing\n      broiler chickens","volume":"99","author":"Tahamtani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2022.105145","article-title":"Litter quality and incidence and severity of footpad dermatitis in heat stressed\n      broiler chickens fed supplemental zinc","volume":"267","author":"Kuter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Livest Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3382\/japr.2013-00803","article-title":"Wet litter not only induces footpad dermatitis but also reduces overall welfare,\n      technical performance, and carcass yield in broiler chickens","volume":"23","author":"de Jong","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Appl Poult Res."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8070235","article-title":"Antioxidant defence systems and oxidative stress in poultry biology: an\n      update","volume":"8","author":"Surai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-016-0097-5","article-title":"Association between heat stress and oxidative stress in poultry; mitochondrial\n      dysfunction and dietary interventions with phytochemicals","volume":"7","author":"Akbarian","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104003","article-title":"Oxidative stress in poultry production","volume":"103","author":"Oke","year":"2024","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14040471","article-title":"Major oxidative and antioxidant mechanisms during heat stress-induced oxidative\n      stress in chickens","volume":"14","author":"Aryal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26464","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R113.472936","article-title":"Peroxynitrite, a stealthy biological oxidant","volume":"288","author":"Radi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9171905","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9171905","article-title":"Functions and signaling pathways of amino acids in intestinal\n      inflammation","volume":"2018","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.07.040","article-title":"Delayed access to feed affects broiler small intestinal morphology and goblet\n      cell ontogeny","volume":"99","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2019.00060","article-title":"Oxidative stress in the poultry gut: potential challenges and\n      interventions","volume":"6","author":"Mishra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4595","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pez152","article-title":"Effect of prebiotic and synbiotic supplementation in diet on growth performance,\n      small intestinal morphology, stress, and bacterial population under high stocking density\n      condition of broiler chickens","volume":"98","author":"Kridtayopas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.animal.2022.100600","article-title":"Effect of chronic heat stress on gastrointestinal histology and expression of\n      feed intake-regulatory hormones in broiler chickens","volume":"16","author":"Mazzoni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.19.2.315-337.2006","article-title":"The front line of enteric host defense against unwelcome intrusion of harmful\n      microorganisms: mucins, antimicrobial peptides, and microbiota","volume":"19","author":"Moal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1159\/000163037","article-title":"Role of intestinal mucins in innate host defense mechanisms against\n      pathogens","volume":"1","author":"Dharmani","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Innate Immun."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI162030","article-title":"Goblet cells need some stress","volume":"132","author":"Johansson","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328791","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/328791","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress in intestinal epithelial cell function and\n      inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"2015","author":"Luo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res Pract."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01271","article-title":"Intestinal epithelial cell endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammatory bowel\n      disease pathogenesis: an update review","volume":"8","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4325","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pex266","article-title":"Resveratrol alleviates heat stress-induced impairment of intestinal morphology,\n      micro\ufb02ora, and barrier integrity in broilers","volume":"96","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745849","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.745849","article-title":"Development and functional properties of intestinal mucus layer in\n      poultry","volume":"12","author":"Duangnumsawang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2765","DOI":"10.2741\/3413","article-title":"Mechanism of cytokine modulation of epithelial tight junction\n      barrier","volume":"14","author":"Al-Sadi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Front Biosci."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326809","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1326809","article-title":"Beyond protein synthesis: the emerging role of arginine in poultry nutrition and\n      host-microbe interactions","volume":"14","author":"Fathima","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Physiol."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13020317","article-title":"Heat shock protein response to stress in poultry: a review","volume":"13","author":"Balakrishnan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s12192-008-0068-7","article-title":"Guidelines for the nomenclature of the human heat shock proteins","volume":"14","author":"Kampinga","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Stress Chaperones"},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2021.103169","article-title":"Mitigating the detrimental effects of heat stress in poultry through thermal\n      conditioning and nutritional manipulation","volume":"103","author":"Madkour","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Therm Biol."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01267.2001","article-title":"Invited review: heat shock proteins: modifying factors in physiological stress\n      responses and acquired thermotolerance","volume":"92","author":"Kregel","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.09.007","article-title":"The biology of the glucocorticoid receptor: new signaling mechanisms in health\n      and disease","volume":"132","author":"Oakley","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12041185","article-title":"Intestinal permeability, in\ufb02ammation and the role of\n      nutrients","volume":"12","author":"Farr\u00e9","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4200","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0903923107","article-title":"Membrane-anchored serine protease matriptase regulates epithelial barrier\n      formation and permeability in the intestine","volume":"107","author":"Buzza","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Science and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ejast.org\/download\/download_pdf?doi=10.5187\/jast.2500450","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ejast.org\/download\/download_pdf?doi=10.5187\/jast.2500450","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T07:43:24Z","timestamp":1791877404000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ejast.org\/archive\/view_article?doi=10.5187\/jast.2500450"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.5187\/jast.2500450"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5187\/jast.2500450","relation":{},"ISSN":["2672-0191","2055-0391"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2672-0191","type":"print"},{"value":"2055-0391","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-09","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}