{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T07:52:26Z","timestamp":1791877946671,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Korean Society of Animal Science and Technology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology\n                                in Food, Agriculture, Forestry","award":["RS-2023-00234143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00234143"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ejast.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Anim Sci Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with\n                    probiotics (PRO), synbiotics (SYN), and SYN + benzoic acid (SYP) on growth\n                    performance, stress response, nutrient digestibility, blood parameters, immune\n                    status, and intestinal health of weanling pigs. Four hundred weaned pigs\n                    (Landrace \u00d7 Yorkshire \u00d7 Duroc) were allocated to four treatment\n                    groups: control (basal diet), PRO (Bacillus licheniformis), SYN\n                        (Bacillus licheniformis + dietary fiber), and SYP. The\n                    feeding trial lasted for 28 days. Notably, pigs in the SYN and SYP groups showed\n                    greater average daily gain during phase 1 (p = 0.038), phase 2\n                        (p = 0.008), and the overall period (p =\n                    0.011) compared with those in the control group. Gain-to-feed ratio was also\n                    improved during phase 2 (p = 0.003) and the overall\n                    experimental period (p = 0.012). The SYP group demonstrated\n                    significantly improved dry matter digestibility during phase 2\n                        (p &lt; 0.05). Serum IL-1\u03b2 concentrations tended to\n                    decrease in pigs fed SYN and SYP diets. In addition, SYN and SYP supplementation\n                    increased the concentration of the tight junction protein zona occludens-1\n                    (ZO-1) in the jejunum (p = 0.022). Histological analysis showed\n                    greater villus height in the duodenum (p = 0.013) and jejunum\n                        (p = 0.038) of pigs fed SYN and SYP diets. Overall, dietary\n                    supplementation with synbiotics, particularly in combination with benzoic acid,\n                    improved growth performance and intestinal health in weanling pigs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2500456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T01:09:41Z","timestamp":1780016981000},"page":"1501-1516","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5187\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Nutritional strategies using synbiotics and organic acids to enhance\n                    piglet post-weaning growth and gut health"],"prefix":"10.5187","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8996-3740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Su Hyup","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Livestock, Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1257-1588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunbong","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Development, Center for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock Microorganisms, Jeongeup, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2342-7475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young Bin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Woogene B&G Co., Ltd., Hwaseong, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2906-7543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun-Jun","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Development, Center for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock Microorganisms, Jeongeup, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3788-5415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soyeon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Development, Center for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock Microorganisms, Jeongeup, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8285-3407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yangseon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Development, Center for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock Microorganisms, Jeongeup, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8423-5848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin-Ki","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Livestock, Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5753-3516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Woogene B&G Co., Ltd., Hwaseong, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2647-2690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong Wook","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Livestock, Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3132","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.111.153007","article-title":"Oat \u03b2-glucan and dietary calcium and phosphorus\n                        differentially modify intestinal expression of proinflammatory cytokines and\n                        monocarboxylate transporter 1 and cecal morphology in weaned\n                        pigs","volume":"142","author":"Metzler-Zebeli","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-021-00584-0","article-title":"Weaning-associated feed deprivation stress causes microbiota\n                        disruptions in a novel mucin-containing in vitro model of the piglet colon\n                        (MPigut-IVM)","volume":"12","author":"Gresse","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-023-00869-6","article-title":"Effects of dietary supplementation of bacteriophage cocktail on\n                        health status of weanling pigs in a non-sanitary environment","volume":"14","author":"Choi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2020.104040","article-title":"Alterations in intestinal microbiota by alginate oligosaccharide\n                        improve intestinal barrier integrity in weaned pigs","volume":"71","author":"Wan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Funct Foods"},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.17221\/7\/2016-VETMED","article-title":"Dietary bacteriophages as an alternative for zinc oxide or\n                        organic acids to control diarrhoea and improve the performance of weanling\n                        piglets","volume":"62","author":"Hosseindoust","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet Med."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1071\/AN21027","article-title":"Antimicrobials added to the feed of weaned piglets at two ages\n                        improves the molecular expression of intestinal barrier\n                        proteins","volume":"62","author":"Franco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim Prod Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e98","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.12567","article-title":"Productive performance of weanling piglets was improved by\n                        administration of a mixture of bacteriophages, targeted to control Coliforms\n                        and Clostridium spp. shedding in a challenging environment","volume":"101","author":"Hosseindoust","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.2527\/tas2017.0021","article-title":"Response to a Salmonella Typhimurium challenge in piglets\n                        supplemented with protected sodium butyrate or Bacillus licheniformis:\n                        effects on performance, intestinal health and behavior","volume":"1","author":"Barba-Vidal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2019.06.018","article-title":"Lactobacillus-based fermentation product and lactose level in the\n                        feed for weanling pigs: effects on intestinal morphology, microbiota, gas\n                        emission, and targeted intestinal coliforms","volume":"227","author":"Jeong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Livest Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1080\/09712119.2021.1933494","article-title":"Effects of Bacillus licheniformis derived-protease\n                        supplementation, alone or in combination, with valine to low protein diet on\n                        growth performance and carcass quality grade in growing-finishing\n                        pigs","volume":"49","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Appl Anim Res."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2022.e12","article-title":"Effects of different Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis\n                        ratios on nutrient digestibility, fecal microflora, and gas emissions of\n                        growing pigs","volume":"64","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Technol."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2021.e109","article-title":"Effects of Bacillus-based probiotics on growth performance,\n                        nutrient digestibility, and intestinal health of weaned pigs","volume":"63","author":"Mun","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Technol."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2017.06.007","article-title":"Using probiotics to improve swine gut health and nutrient\n                        utilization","volume":"3","author":"Liao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anim Nutr."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"skaa272","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaa272","article-title":"Replacing dietary antibiotics with 0.20% l-glutamine and\n                        synbiotics following weaning and transport in pigs","volume":"98","author":"McConn","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2020.114636","article-title":"Dietary fiber sources for gestation sows: evaluations based on\n                        combined in vitro and in vivo methodology","volume":"269","author":"Mou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731115000919","article-title":"Review: dietary fiber utilization and its effects on\n                        physiological functions and gut health of swine","volume":"9","author":"Jha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s40813-022-00264-z","article-title":"Effects of different short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) on gene\n                        expression of proteins involved in barrier function in\n                        IPEC-J2","volume":"8","author":"Saleri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Porc Health Manag."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4781","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2015-9081","article-title":"Quantification of short-chain fatty acids and energy production\n                        from hindgut fermentation in cannulated pigs fed graded levels of wheat\n                        bran","volume":"93","author":"Iyayi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13282","article-title":"Role of acidifiers in livestock nutrition and health: a\n                        review","volume":"104","author":"Pearlin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"skad116","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skad116","article-title":"Comparative effects of benzoic acid and sodium benzoate in diets\n                        for nursery pigs on growth performance and acidification of digesta and\n                        urine","volume":"101","author":"Choi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.2478\/aoas-2014-0089","article-title":"Effects of dietary fiber and benzoic acid on growth performance,\n                        nutrient digestibility, reduction of harmful gases, and lipid profiles in\n                        growing pigs","volume":"15","author":"Devi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2021.e94","article-title":"Multispecies probiotics alter fecal short-chain fatty acids and\n                        lactate levels in weaned pigs by modulating gut microbiota","volume":"63","author":"Oh","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Technol."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9010110","article-title":"Dietary organic acids modulate gut microbiota and improve growth\n                        performance of nursery pigs","volume":"9","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B24","volume-title":"Nutrient requirements of swine","author":"NRC (National Research Council)","year":"2012","edition":"11th rev. ed"},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jveb.2018.12.007","article-title":"Comparing hair cortisol concentrations from various body sites\n                        and serum cortisol in Holstein lactating cows and heifers during thermal\n                        comfort zone","volume":"30","author":"Ghassemi Nejad","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Vet Behav."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B26","volume-title":"Official methods of analysis of AOAC International","author":"AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists)\n                            International","year":"2005","edition":"18th ed"},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.4141\/cjas79-081","article-title":"An improved procedure for the determination of chromic oxide in\n                        feed and feces","volume":"59","author":"Fenton","year":"1979","journal-title":"Can J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1080\/1828051X.2016.1188676","article-title":"Effects of dietary supplementation of bacteriophage with or\n                        without zinc oxide on the performance and gut development of weanling\n                        pigs","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ital J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117044","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2024.117044","article-title":"Modulation of fecal microbiota and reductions in fecal antibiotic\n                        resistance genes (args) driven by Weissella-fermented feed in growing\n                        pigs","volume":"285","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-020-00888-9","article-title":"Gut microbiome composition differences among breeds impact feed\n                        efficiency in swine","volume":"8","author":"Bergamaschi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9111032","article-title":"Muscle antioxidant activity and meat quality are altered by\n                        supplementation of astaxanthin in broilers exposed to high\n                        temperature","volume":"9","author":"Hosseindoust","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13865","article-title":"Improvement of weanling pigs immune status and metabolic\n                        condition using ultraweak light","volume":"108","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2023.e30","article-title":"Beet pulp as soluble fiber source and dietary energy levels for\n                        growing pigs under heat stress","volume":"65","author":"Choi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Technol."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425917741970","article-title":"Sodium butyrate enhances intestinal integrity, inhibits mast cell\n                        activation, inflammatory mediator production and JNK signaling pathway in\n                        weaned pigs","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Innate Immun."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.113466","article-title":"Diet composition affects long-term zearalenone exposure on the\n                        gut\u2013blood\u2013liver axis metabolic dysfunction in\n                        mice","volume":"236","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf."},{"key":"key2.0261013094154e+13_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.1998.tb00382.x","article-title":"Biotransformation of monoterpenes, bile acids, and other\n                        isoprenoids in anaerobic ecosystems","volume":"22","author":"Hylemon","year":"1998","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev."}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Science and 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