{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:16:32Z","timestamp":1792790192883,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Korean Society of Animal Science and Technology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chungnam National University","award":["2024-0899-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-0899-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0227as991","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ejast.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Anim Sci Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In-vitro-produced embryos have become an important biomaterial\n                    for accelerating genetic improvements in livestock, increasing the need for\n                    reliable short- and mid-term preservation strategies. This study was conducted\n                    to investigate the effects of oscillating-magnetic-field-assisted supercooling\n                    on the survival of bovine in vitro fertilization embryos. A\n                    supercooling preservation system combining Helmholtz-type coils with a precise\n                    circulating cooling chamber was designed and fabricated to maintain the embryos\n                    in a uniform supercooled state. Blastocyst-stage embryos were preserved at\n                    \u22124\u00b0C in a hypothermic preservation medium under exposure to an\n                    oscillating magnetic field of 10 Hz with flux densities ranging from 0 to 20 mT.\n                    The preservation medium remained stably supercooled at \u22124\u00b0C\n                    without freezing under all magnetic field conditions, and the magnetic flux\n                    density did not alter the cooling behavior. The embryos were preserved for 24 h\n                    and subsequently cultured for an additional 24 h to assess their\n                    post-preservation viability. Survival rates were higher in all magnetic field\n                    groups than in the control group (0 mT), with values of 48.66% (0 mT), 60.07% (5\n                    mT), 62.85% (10 mT), 75.69% (15 mT), and 68.96% (20 mT). Notably, the 15 mT\n                    group exhibited the highest survival rate, showing a significant improvement\n                    over the control. Although the magnetic field did not affect the supercooling\n                    characteristics of the preservation solution, it markedly enhanced embryo\n                    survival at \u22124\u00b0C. The results demonstrated that the application of\n                    an oscillating magnetic field did not disrupt the stability of the supercooled\n                    state while also improving cellular tolerance to low-temperature stress. These\n                    findings provide a promising foundation on which to develop magnetic-field-based\n                    non-freezing preservation technologies for biological specimens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2500457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T05:52:56Z","timestamp":1770270776000},"page":"743-757","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5187\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of an oscillating magnetic field-assisted supercooling\n                    system for bovine embryo preservation"],"prefix":"10.5187","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9479-6000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun Hwi","family":"So","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0227as991","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1672-4604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byung Hyun","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0227as991","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea"},{"name":"MK Biotech Inc., Daejeon, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8482-9777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung Yong","family":"Joe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0227as991","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Smart Agriculture Systems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8972-6742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youngbok","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0227as991","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea"},{"name":"Neo Vitalink Inc., Daejeon, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0865-4565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soojin","family":"Jun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03tzaeb71","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Human Nutrition, Food, and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9259-8219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min Kyu","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0227as991","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea"},{"name":"MK Biotech Inc., Daejeon, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2096-3053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seung Hyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0227as991","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0227as991","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Smart Agriculture Systems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea"},{"name":"Neo Vitalink Inc., Daejeon, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3132","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"key2.0261002113815e+13_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-18-0008","article-title":"40 years of bovine IVF in the new genomic selection\n                        context","volume":"156","author":"Sirard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"key2.0261002113815e+13_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.15302\/J-FASE-2018231","article-title":"Cryopreservation of farm animal gametes and embryos: recent\n                        updates and progress","volume":"6","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Agr Sci Eng."},{"key":"key2.0261002113815e+13_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106970","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2022.106970","article-title":"Basic and applied features in the cryopreservation progress of\n                        bovine embryos","volume":"239","author":"Valente","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113815e+13_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2019.09.027","article-title":"Cooling of in vitro-produced bovine embryos: effects of medium\n                        and time on gene expression, DNA fragmentation and embryonic\n                        survival","volume":"230","author":"Marqui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Livest Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113815e+13_B5","first-page":"432","article-title":"Biopreservation of hepatocytes: current concepts on hypothermic\n                        preservation, cryopreservation, and vitrification","volume":"37","author":"Fuller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cryoletters."},{"key":"key2.0261002113815e+13_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1038\/srep01173","article-title":"A simple medium enables bovine embryos to be held for seven days\n                        at 4\u00b0C","volume":"3","author":"Ideta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"key2.0261002113815e+13_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1262\/jrd.2014-073","article-title":"Prolonging hypothermic storage (4 C) of bovine embryos with fish\n                        antifreeze protein","volume":"61","author":"Ideta","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Reprod Dev."},{"key":"key2.0261002113815e+13_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1021\/jacsau.3c00056","article-title":"Chemically induced extracellular ice nucleation reduces\n                        intracellular ice formation enabling 2D and 3D cellular\n                        cryopreservation","volume":"3","author":"Murray","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACS Au."},{"key":"key2.0261002113815e+13_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2018.04.004","article-title":"The effect of isochoric freezing on mammalian cells in an\n                        extracellular phosphate buffered solution","volume":"82","author":"Preciado","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cryobiology."},{"key":"key2.0261002113815e+13_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0069334","article-title":"Supercooling as a viable non-freezing cell preservation method of\n                        rat hepatocytes","volume":"8","author":"Usta","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS ONE."},{"key":"key2.0261002113815e+13_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165330","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1165330","article-title":"Comparing two extracellular additives to facilitate extended\n                        storage of red blood cells in a supercooled state","volume":"14","author":"William","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Physiol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113815e+13_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1093\/jb\/mvad040","article-title":"Development of supercooling preservation method of adherent\n                        cultured human cells","volume":"174","author":"Hikichi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Biochem."},{"key":"key2.0261002113815e+13_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3201","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05636-0","article-title":"Long-term deep-supercooling of large-volume water and red cell\n                        suspensions via surface sealing with immiscible liquids","volume":"9","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"key2.0261002113815e+13_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0221976","article-title":"Electromagnetic field in human sperm cryopreservation improves\n                        fertilizing potential of thawed sperm through physicochemical modification\n                        of water molecules in freezing medium","volume":"14","author":"Gholami","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLOS ONE."},{"key":"key2.0261002113815e+13_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2024.104866","article-title":"Effect of a magnetic field on droplet freezing and frost\n                        formation on cold surfaces","volume":"114","author":"Gou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cryobiology."},{"key":"key2.0261002113815e+13_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3173","DOI":"10.3390\/app12063173","article-title":"Explorative supercooling technology for prevention of freeze\n                        damages in vaccines","volume":"12","author":"Jun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113815e+13_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4239","DOI":"10.1007\/s11947-024-03384-2","article-title":"Enhanced supercooling of water with a 6 mT\/50 Hz oscillating\n                        magnetic field and its application in fruit preservation","volume":"17","author":"Kong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Bioprocess Technol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113815e+13_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2024.e68","article-title":"Evaluation of conical 9 well dish on bovine oocyte maturation and\n                        subsequent embryonic development","volume":"66","author":"Ju","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Technol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113815e+13_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jfpe.13525","article-title":"Effects of an oscillating magnetic field on ice nucleation in\n                        aqueous iron-oxide nanoparticle dispersions during supercooling and\n                        preservation of beef as a food application","volume":"43","author":"Kang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Food Process Eng."},{"key":"key2.0261002113815e+13_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"035006","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-0233\/25\/3\/035006","article-title":"Magnetic effects on thermocouples","volume":"25","author":"Begu\u0161","year":"2014","journal-title":"Meas Sci Technol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113815e+13_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2017.04.004","article-title":"Cryoprotectants: a review of the actions and applications of\n                        cryoprotective solutes that modulate cell recovery from ultra-low\n                        temperatures","volume":"76","author":"Elliott","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cryobiology."},{"key":"key2.0261002113815e+13_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2024.103771","article-title":"Effects of static magnetic field-prolonged supercooling\n                        preservation on blueberry quality","volume":"59","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Biosci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113815e+13_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2023.111818","article-title":"Impact of supercooling storage on physical and chemical\n                        properties of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares)","volume":"373","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Food Eng."},{"key":"key2.0261002113815e+13_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2021.110541","article-title":"Effect of an oscillating magnetic field on the inhibition of ice\n                        nucleation and its application for supercooling preservation of fresh-cut\n                        mango slices","volume":"300","author":"Kang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Food Eng."},{"key":"key2.0261002113815e+13_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12202","article-title":"Effects of magnetic fields on freezing: application to biological\n                        products","volume":"15","author":"Otero","year":"2016","journal-title":"Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf."},{"key":"key2.0261002113815e+13_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2012.11.007","article-title":"Controlled ice nucleation in cryopreservation \u2013 a\n                        review","volume":"66","author":"John Morris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cryobiology."},{"key":"key2.0261002113815e+13_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1007\/s12393-024-09366-6","article-title":"Effect of magnetic field on frozen food quality\n                        characteristics","volume":"16","author":"Ruan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Eng Rev."},{"key":"key2.0261002113815e+13_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s12393-019-09190-3","article-title":"Electromagnetic freezing in a widespread frequency range of\n                        alternating magnetic fields","volume":"11","author":"Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Eng Rev."},{"key":"key2.0261002113815e+13_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2013.08.003","article-title":"Cryopreservation of rat MSCs by use of a programmed freezer with\n                        magnetic field","volume":"67","author":"Kojima","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cryobiology."},{"key":"key2.0261002113815e+13_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2122","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-022-01144-1","article-title":"The beneficial effects of static magnetic field and iron oxide\n                        nanoparticles on the vitrification of mature mice oocytes","volume":"30","author":"Baniasadi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Reprod Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113815e+13_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2020.12.025","article-title":"Static magnetic field halves cryoinjuries of vitrified mouse\n                        COCs, improves their functions and modulates pluripotency of derived\n                        blastocysts","volume":"163","author":"Baniasadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theriogenology."},{"key":"key2.0261002113815e+13_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20220325","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2022.0325","article-title":"Magnetic field effects in biology from the perspective of the\n                        radical pair mechanism","volume":"19","author":"Zadeh-Haghighi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J R Soc Interface."},{"key":"key2.0261002113815e+13_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1262\/jrd.2021-074","article-title":"Effects of electromagnetic waves on oocyte maturation and\n                        embryonic development in pigs","volume":"67","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Reprod Dev."},{"key":"key2.0261002113815e+13_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1017\/S0967199424000042","article-title":"Detrimental effects of electromagnetic radiation emitted from\n                        cell phone on embryo morphokinetics and blastocyst viability in\n                        mice","volume":"32","author":"Seify","year":"2024","journal-title":"Zygote."},{"key":"key2.0261002113815e+13_B35","first-page":"27","article-title":"Static magnetic field can ameliorate detrimental effects of\n                        cryopreservation on human spermatozoa","volume":"22","author":"Dahr","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev Int Androl."},{"key":"key2.0261002113815e+13_B36","first-page":"mvad087","article-title":"An oscillating magnetic field suppresses ice-crystal growth\n                        during rapid freezing of muscle tissue of mice","volume":"175","author":"Okuda","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Biochem."}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Science and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ejast.org\/download\/download_pdf?doi=10.5187\/jast.2500457","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ejast.org\/download\/download_pdf?doi=10.5187\/jast.2500457","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T02:52:31Z","timestamp":1790909551000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ejast.org\/archive\/view_article?doi=10.5187\/jast.2500457"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.5187\/jast.2500457"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5187\/jast.2500457","relation":{},"ISSN":["2672-0191","2055-0391"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2672-0191","type":"print"},{"value":"2055-0391","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}