{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T03:53:21Z","timestamp":1790913201714,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Korean Society of Animal Science and Technology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education","award":["2026-RISE-13-JJU"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026-RISE-13-JJU"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ejast.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Anim Sci Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Rumen microbiota is essential for nutrient digestion, immune function, and\n                    metabolic health in ruminants. With growing interest in sustainable animal\n                    production, recent studies have focused on the combined use of diet and\n                    probiotics in modulating rumen microbial community and its association with host\n                    performance. This review summarizes the effects of dietary strategies on\n                    microbial composition and fermentation efficiency. This review also discusses\n                    how probiotics such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae,\n                        Lactobacillus, Lacticaseibacillus,\n                        Lactiplantibacillus, and Bacillus spp.\n                    stabilize the rumen environment, enhance fiber degradation, and reduce harmful\n                    microbes. These effects are influenced by both the probiotic strain and\n                    physiological stage of the animal. Furthermore, it explores how microbial\n                    fermentation products, such as volatile fatty acids and ammonia, play an\n                    important role as functional indicators reflecting microbial activity and host\n                    physiology. Metabolomics, which enables the comprehensive analysis of rumen\n                    metabolites, has proven valuable for investigating the influence of diet and\n                    probiotics on host metabolism. Hence, the integration of dietary strategies with\n                    probiotics can synergistically enhance rumen health and overall productivity in\n                    ruminants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2500468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T05:52:56Z","timestamp":1770270776000},"page":"1002-1014","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5187\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrated effects of diet and probiotics on rumen microbiota and\n                    host physiology in ruminants"],"prefix":"10.5187","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7217-972X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeehwan","family":"Choe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00vn4ec76","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Major of Beef Science, Department of Livestock, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0149-743X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miri","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/028jp5z02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4145-4511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seung-Man","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/015v9d997","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Radiological Science, Jeonju University, Jeonju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9096-4879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sooah","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/015v9d997","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Environment Science and Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3132","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"key2.0261002113918e+13_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.2527\/af.2016-0030","article-title":"Dietary impacts on rumen microbiota in beef and dairy\n                        production","volume":"6","author":"Loor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anim Front."},{"key":"key2.0261002113918e+13_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-6226(94)90154-6","article-title":"Production and absorption of volatile fatty 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shaping our immune\n                        responses throughout life","volume":"5","author":"Takiishi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tissue Barriers."},{"key":"key2.0261002113918e+13_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-0332-7","article-title":"Interaction between microbiota and immunity in health and\n                        disease","volume":"30","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"key2.0261002113918e+13_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2018.1505176","article-title":"The rumen microbiome: a crucial consideration when optimising\n                        milk and meat production and nitrogen utilisation efficiency","volume":"10","author":"Matthews","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut Microbes."},{"key":"key2.0261002113918e+13_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/sky331","article-title":"RUMINANT NUTRITION SYMPOSIUM: tiny but mighty: the role of the\n                        rumen microbes in livestock production","volume":"96","author":"Cammack","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113918e+13_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R036012","article-title":"The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between\n                        diet, gut microbiota, and host energy metabolism","volume":"54","author":"den Besten","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Lipid Res."},{"key":"key2.0261002113918e+13_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13061175","article-title":"Pan-genomic insights into rumen microbiome-mediated short-chain\n                        fatty acid production and regulation in 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concentrate-to-forage ratio diets on\n                        rumen bacterial microbiota and the structures of Holstein cows during the\n                        feeding cycle","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"key2.0261002113918e+13_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17023","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-96580-5","article-title":"Effects of dietary forage to concentrate ratio on nutrient\n                        digestibility, ruminal fermentation and rumen bacterial composition in Angus\n                        cows","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"key2.0261002113918e+13_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14567","DOI":"10.1038\/srep14567","article-title":"Rumen microbial community composition varies with diet and host,\n                        but a core microbiome is found across a wide geographical\n                        range","volume":"5","author":"Henderson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"key2.0261002113918e+13_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-022-03510-2","article-title":"Effects of different grains on bacterial diversity and enzyme\n                        activity associated with digestion of starch in the foal\n                        stomach","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res."},{"key":"key2.0261002113918e+13_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2025.107727","article-title":"Associations of ruminal microbiota with susceptibility to\n                        subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy goats","volume":"206","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microb Pathog."},{"key":"key2.0261002113918e+13_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2011.12.004","article-title":"Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA), endotoxins and health\n                        consequences","volume":"172","author":"Plaizier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113918e+13_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2024.11.025","article-title":"Prebiotics in animal nutrition: harnessing agro-industrial waste\n                        for improved gut health and performance","volume":"21","author":"Ravanal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anim Nutr."},{"key":"key2.0261002113918e+13_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2573","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26062573","article-title":"Role of the rumen epithelium and associated changes under\n                        high-concentrate diets","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113918e+13_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2024.107418","article-title":"A critical analysis of challenges and opportunities for upcycling\n                        food waste to animal feed to reduce climate and resource\n                        burdens","volume":"203","author":"Dou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Resour Conserv Recycl."},{"key":"key2.0261002113918e+13_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4025\/actascianimsci.v42i1.48586","article-title":"Okara or soybean grain added to the rehydrated corn grain silage\n                        for cattle: digestibility, degradability and ruminal\n                        parameters","volume":"42","author":"Tres","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Sci Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113918e+13_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13656","article-title":"In vitro ruminal fermentation, methane production and nutrient\n                        degradability as affected by fruit and vegetable pomaces in differing\n                        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Res."},{"key":"key2.0261002113918e+13_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2025.105728","article-title":"Impact of probiotic blend on rumen fermentation, nutrient\n                        digestibility, and blood biochemistry in sheep","volume":"298","author":"Saleem","year":"2025","journal-title":"Livest Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113918e+13_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1186\/s13568-025-01955-w","article-title":"Effects of quadric probiotic blends on rumen fermentation,\n                        nutrient degradability, and methane emission in sheep: an in vitro\n                        study","volume":"15","author":"Saleem","year":"2025","journal-title":"AMB Express."},{"key":"key2.0261002113918e+13_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1139\/cjas-2020-0138","article-title":"Effect of mixed live yeast and lactic acid bacteria on in vitro\n                        fermentation with varying media pH using a high-grain or high-forage\n                        diet","volume":"101","author":"Jiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113918e+13_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2018.04.010","article-title":"Use of probiotics and botanical extracts to improve ruminant\n                        production in the tropics: a review","volume":"4","author":"Arowolo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim Nutr."},{"key":"key2.0261002113918e+13_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-1891-5-24","article-title":"Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on alfalfa nutrient\n                        degradation characteristics and rumen microbial populations of steers fed\n                        diets with different concentrate-to-forage ratios","volume":"5","author":"Ding","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Anim Sci 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