{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:16:26Z","timestamp":1792790186122,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Korean Society of Animal Science and Technology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institute of Information & Communications Technology\n                                Planning & Evaluation","award":["IIPT-2026-RS-2023-00260267"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IIPT-2026-RS-2023-00260267"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ejast.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Anim Sci Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to examine the association of Ras signaling with steroid hormone\n                    receptors, angiogenic factors, cell cycle\/cell proliferation markers, and\n                    apoptotic factors during the estrous cycle in pigs. Porcine corpus luteum (CL)\n                    tissues were classified into the early (EP), middle (MP), and late phases (LP).\n                    Furthermore, the mRNA and protein expression profiles of steroid hormone\n                    receptors, angiogenic factors, cell cycle-related factors, apoptosis-related\n                    factors, Ras and Ras GTPases were assessed using reverse\n                    transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and protein-protein\n                    interaction. The CL showed the highest tissue weight in the MP. At the mRNA\n                    level, 3\u03b2-HSD and P4R were\n                    substantially increased at MP, and PGF2\u03b1R was markedly\n                    elevated at LP. At the protein level, 3\u03b2-HSD was the highest at MP, P4R\n                    was increased at EP, and PGF2\u03b1R was the highest at LP. For angiogenic\n                    factors, angiopoietin 1 and Tie2 mRNA levels\n                    were increased in MP, vascular endothelial growth factor D protein levels were\n                    increased in MP. Cell cycle factors revealed increased extracellular\n                        signal-regulated kinase 1, cyclin dependent kinase\n                        1, and cyclin B1 mRNA expression in MP, whereas\n                    CCNB1 protein expression increased in EP. tumor necrosis factor receptor\n                        1 mRNA was the highest in LP, Bax and\n                        caspase 3 mRNA increased in the MP group, and\n                        Bcl2 mRNA increased at EP. At the protein level, Casp3 was\n                    markedly increased in LP. Additionally, the Ras family and Ras GTPases showed\n                    stage-dependent expression alterations at the mRNA and protein levels. Search\n                    Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes-based molecular action analysis\n                    suggested a conserved interaction architecture across species and indicated\n                    potential functional linkages connecting hormone receptors and angiogenesis\n                    modules with Ras-related components and downstream cell cycle factors. Thus,\n                    porcine CL reveals coordinated, phase-dependent alterations in steroidogenic\n                    activity, angiogenesis, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and Ras-related\n                    signaling components during the estrous cycle. In conclusion, these findings\n                    provide foundational evidence that Ras signaling pathways act as integrative\n                    regulatory modules linking endocrine and vascular cues to intracellular\n                    signaling during the estrous cycle. This supports further porcine-specific\n                    mechanistic studies to clarify the Ras-centered regulation of CL function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2600012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T01:09:41Z","timestamp":1780016981000},"page":"1083-1098","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5187\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Alterations in steroid hormone receptors, angiogenic, cell\n                    proliferation, apoptotic, and Ras-related factors during estrous cycle in\n                    porcine corpus luteum"],"prefix":"10.5187","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2496-8912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyewon","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01mh5ph17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8725-4174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang-Hee","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01mh5ph17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea"},{"name":"School of Information and Communication Technology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3132","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"key2.0261002113937e+13_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2011.02.025","article-title":"Reproductive cycles in pigs","volume":"124","author":"Soede","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anim Reprod 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gilts","volume":"66","author":"Br\u00fcssow","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113937e+13_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-6980(94)90075-2","article-title":"Luteal maintenance during early pregnancy in the pig: role for\n                        prostaglandin E2","volume":"47","author":"Christenson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Prostaglandins."},{"key":"key2.0261002113937e+13_B9","first-page":"680","article-title":"Apoptosis in ovary","volume":"3","author":"Jin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front Biosci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113937e+13_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3629","article-title":"Control of cell cycle transcription during G1 and S\n                        phases","volume":"14","author":"Bertoli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell 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pigs","volume":"15","author":"Seok","year":"2025","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"key2.0261002113937e+13_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2024.06.005","article-title":"Ras promotes germline stem cell division in Drosophila\n                        ovaries","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"key2.0261002113937e+13_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.126337.1","article-title":"Role of RAS signaling in ovarian cancer","volume":"11","author":"Therachiyil","year":"2022","journal-title":"F1000Res."},{"key":"key2.0261002113937e+13_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-023-01337-5","article-title":"Trehalosemodulates OVRAS to improve oxidative stress and\n                        apoptosis in KGN cells and ovaries of PCOS mice","volume":"17","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Ovarian Res."},{"key":"key2.0261002113937e+13_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2012.06.013","article-title":"Small GTPase R-Ras regulates integrity and functionality of tumor\n                        blood vessels","volume":"22","author":"Sawada","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Cell."},{"key":"key2.0261002113937e+13_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time\n                        quantitative PCR and the 2\u2212\u0394\u0394CT method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods."},{"key":"key2.0261002113937e+13_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3442","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.18.3442","article-title":"STRING: a web-server to retrieve and display the repeatedly\n                        occurring neighbourhood of a gene","volume":"28","author":"Snel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"key2.0261002113937e+13_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2023.106439","article-title":"The relationship between CYP19A1 gene expression in luteinized\n                        granulosa cells and follicular estradiol output in women with\n                        endometriosis","volume":"237","author":"Giacomini","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113937e+13_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.1.01163","article-title":"Luteinization of porcine preovulatory follicles leads to\n                        systematic changes in follicular gene expression","volume":"132","author":"Agca","year":"2006","journal-title":"Reproduction."},{"key":"key2.0261002113937e+13_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107212","article-title":"Expression and regulation of visfatin\/NAMPT in the porcine corpus\n                        luteum during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy","volume":"250","author":"Mlyczy\u0144ska","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113937e+13_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2007-0087","article-title":"Gene expression of 3\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and\n                        17\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in relation to androstenone,\n                        testosterone, and estrone sulphate in gonadally intact male and castrated\n                        pigs","volume":"85","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113937e+13_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17926","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms140917926","article-title":"Regulation of 3\u03b2-hydroxysteroid\n                        dehydrogenase\/\u03945-\u03944 isomerase: a review","volume":"14","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113937e+13_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1262\/jrd.50.619","article-title":"Relative changes in mRNA expression of angiopoietins and\n                        receptors tie in bovine corpus luteum during estrous cycle and prostaglandin\n                        F2\u03b1-induced luteolysis: a possible mechanism for the initiation of\n                        luteal regression","volume":"50","author":"Tanaka","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Reprod Dev."},{"key":"key2.0261002113937e+13_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(97)80082-8","article-title":"The mechanism and control of cytokinesis","volume":"9","author":"Glotzer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cell Biol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113937e+13_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2024.02.009","article-title":"Ras\/MAPK signaling mediates adipose tissue control of ovarian\n                 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