{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:17:34Z","timestamp":1792790254180,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Korean Society of Animal Science and Technology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Rural Development Administration","award":["RS-2023-00225838"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00225838"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xs9yg50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education","award":["2025-RISE-02-003-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025-RISE-02-003-002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ejast.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Anim Sci Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Methane is a major greenhouse gas with a global warming potential 28 times\n                    greater than that of carbon dioxide, making reduction of livestock emissions a\n                    critical challenge. Current mitigation strategies, such as feed management,\n                    chemical additives, and algae supplementation, face limitations related to\n                    safety, supply instability, and economic feasibility. To address these issues,\n                    we investigated the development of methane-reducing feeds utilizing synbiotics.\n                    In a preliminary study, we evaluated the methane reduction potential of\n                        Komagataeibacter intermedius and Zygosaccharomyces\n                        parabailii (KZ), two SCOBY-derived strains, and identified\n                    prebiotics that promote their colonization. Genome-scale metabolic (GSM) models\n                    were constructed for three hydrogen-producing bacteria, five methanogens, and\n                    the KZ strain, and their metabolic networks were compared. Five prebiotics\n                    (glycerol, oleic acid, menaquinone-7, Gly-Leu, and Gly-Asn-L) were identified as\n                    substrates utilized by KZ but not by hydrogen-producing bacteria or methanogens.\n                    Coculture experiments confirmed that combined prebiotic treatment significantly\n                    enhanced KZ growth. In vitro rumen fermentation assays\n                    demonstrated reduced methane emissions in synbiotic-treated groups, with the\n                    combined prebiotic treatment resulting in the strongest inhibition. Based on\n                    these findings, a synbiotic-based fermented total mixed ration (FTMR) was\n                    developed. Synbiotic supplementation alleviated acidification, increased acetic\n                    acid production, and enriched bacterial and fungal populations. Microbial\n                    community analysis revealed higher abundance of lactic acid bacteria and\n                        non-Saccharomyces yeasts, indicating improved fermentation\n                    and enhanced feed quality. In conclusion, the synbiotic-based FTMR stabilized\n                    pH, altered organic acid profiles, and reshaped microbial communities, with\n                    synergistic interactions between lactic acid bacteria and yeast supporting a\n                    more stable fermentation environment. These results demonstrate that GSM\n                    modeling is effective for designing synbiotic-based feeds and that the newly\n                    developed synbiotic FTMR improves fermentation quality. Notably, this study\n                    focused on prebiotic identification, synbiotic formulation, are fermentation\n                    characterization; direct evaluation of the methane reduction efficacy of FTMR\n                    under in vitro and in vivo conditions remains\n                    a subject for future investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2600013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:16:22Z","timestamp":1777248982000},"page":"1239-1260","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5187\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genome-scale metabolic modeling-driven design of synbiotics for\n                    methane mitigation and quality improvement in fermented total mixed\n                    ration"],"prefix":"10.5187","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6114-6850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tae-Yong","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01an57a31","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resource and Life Sciences, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1278-2233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gayeon","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00wygsf57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dongseo University, Busan, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7772-8276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyung-pil","family":"Jun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03qvtpc38","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Physical Education, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8444-6952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myunghoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04h9pn542","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8034-7156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jong Nam","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00wygsf57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dongseo University, Busan, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3132","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"key2.0261002113955e+13_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1080\/1943815X.2012.694892","article-title":"Methane: a review","volume":"9","author":"van Amstel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Integr Environ Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113955e+13_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2687","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12192687","article-title":"Global warming and dairy cattle: how to control and reduce\n                        methane emission","volume":"12","author":"Ba\u010d\u0117ninait\u0117","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"key2.0261002113955e+13_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/wcc.790","article-title":"Livestock, methane, and climate change: the politics of global\n                        assessments","volume":"14","author":"Scoones","year":"2023","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip Rev Clim Change."},{"key":"key2.0261002113955e+13_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s336","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731118002276","article-title":"Selecting for improved feed efficiency and reduced methane\n                        emissions in dairy cattle","volume":"12","author":"L\u00f8vendahl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Animal."},{"key":"key2.0261002113955e+13_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1071\/AN20295","article-title":"Feed additives as a strategic approach to reduce enteric methane\n                        production in cattle: modes of action, effectiveness and\n                        safety","volume":"62","author":"Honan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim Prod Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113955e+13_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2432","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10122432","article-title":"Seaweed and seaweed bioactives for mitigation of enteric methane:\n                        challenges and opportunities","volume":"10","author":"Abbott","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"key2.0261002113955e+13_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s42523-021-00153-w","article-title":"Alternative pathways for hydrogen sink originated from the\n                        ruminal fermentation of carbohydrates: which microorganisms are involved in\n                        lowering methane emission?","volume":"4","author":"Pereira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim Microbiome."},{"key":"key2.0261002113955e+13_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00589","article-title":"Metabolic hydrogen flows in rumen fermentation: principles and\n                        possibilities of interventions","volume":"11","author":"Ungerfeld","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113955e+13_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422474","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1422474","article-title":"Application of propionate-producing bacterial consortium in\n                        ruminal methanogenesis inhibited environment with bromoethanesulfonate as a\n                        methanogen direct inhibitor","volume":"11","author":"Jeong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113955e+13_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2740","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15182740","article-title":"Effects of a multi-strain lactic and propionic acid bacteria\n                        inoculant on silage quality, methane emissions, milk composition, and rumen\n                        microbiome","volume":"15","author":"Olorunlowu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"key2.0261002113955e+13_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.5333\/KGFS.2022.42.4.276","article-title":"Effects of lactic acid Bacteria, storage temperature and period\n                        on fermentation characteristics, and in vitro ruminal digestibility of a\n                        total mixed ration","volume":"42","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Kor Grassl Forage Sc."},{"key":"key2.0261002113955e+13_B12","first-page":"216","article-title":"Role of LAB in silage fermentation: effect on nutritional quality\n                        and organic acid production\u2014an overview","volume":"6","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"AIMS Agric Food."},{"key":"key2.0261002113955e+13_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.3390\/fermentation10010062","article-title":"Comparison of the chemical and microbial composition and aerobic\n                        stability of high-moisture barley grain ensiled with either chemical or\n                        viable lactic acid bacteria application","volume":"10","author":"Jatkauskas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fermentation."},{"key":"key2.0261002113955e+13_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.3390\/su15021185","article-title":"Effort to mitigate volatile fatty acid inhibition by using mixed\n                        inoculum and compost for the degradation of food waste and the production of\n                        biogas","volume":"15","author":"Shyan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sustainability."},{"key":"key2.0261002113955e+13_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3955","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16223955","article-title":"Health benefits of prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and\n                        postbiotics","volume":"16","author":"Al-Habsi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"key2.0261002113955e+13_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100770","article-title":"Supplementing pre- and probiotic ingredients to feedlot steers:\n                        effects on health, growth performance, and physiological\n                        responses","volume":"17","author":"Mackey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animal."},{"key":"key2.0261002113955e+13_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.83690","article-title":"Metabolic model-based ecological modeling for probiotic\n                        design","volume":"13","author":"Brunner","year":"2024","journal-title":"eLife."},{"key":"key2.0261002113955e+13_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.179793","article-title":"Metagenome-based microbial metabolic strategies to mitigate\n                        ruminal methane emissions using Komagataeibacter-based\n                        symbiotics","volume":"987","author":"Kang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ."},{"key":"key2.0261002113955e+13_B19","volume-title":"Forage fiber analyses (apparatus, reagents, procedures, and some\n                        applications)","author":"Goering","year":"1970"},{"key":"key2.0261002113955e+13_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-022-01628-0","article-title":"Genome-scale metabolic reconstruction of 7,302 human\n                        microorganisms for personalized medicine","volume":"41","author":"Heinken","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113955e+13_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01144","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01144-23","article-title":"Metabolic model predictions enable targeted microbiome\n                        manipulation through precision prebiotics","volume":"12","author":"Marinos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr."},{"key":"key2.0261002113955e+13_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bbad439","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbad439","article-title":"Applications of genome-scale metabolic models to investigate\n                        microbial metabolic adaptations in response to genetic or environmental\n                        perturbations","volume":"25","author":"Carter","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brief Bioinform."},{"key":"key2.0261002113955e+13_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998048","DOI":"10.3389\/fsysb.2022.998048","article-title":"Questions, data and models underpinning metabolic\n                        engineering","volume":"2","author":"van Rosmalen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Syst Biol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113955e+13_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2008.00146.x","article-title":"Genome-scale models of bacterial metabolism: reconstruction and\n                        applications","volume":"33","author":"Durot","year":"2009","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev."},{"key":"key2.0261002113955e+13_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.14.0837","article-title":"Aerobic stability and effects of yeasts during deterioration of\n                        non-fermented and fermented total mixed ration with different moisture\n                        levels","volume":"28","author":"Hao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian-Australas J Anim Sci."},{"key":"key2.0261002113955e+13_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12081039","article-title":"Fermentation quality, in vitro digestibility, and aerobic\n                        stability of total mixed ration silage in response to varying proportion\n                        alfalfa silage","volume":"12","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"key2.0261002113955e+13_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.17113\/ftb.59.04.21.7148","article-title":"Komagataeibacter intermedius V-05: an acetic acid bacterium\n                        isolated from vinegar industry, with high capacity for bacterial cellulose\n                        production in soybean molasses medium","volume":"59","author":"Gomes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Technol Biotechnol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113955e+13_B28","first-page":"37","article-title":"Shifts in metabolic hydrogen sinks in the\n                        methanogenesis-inhibited ruminal fermentation: a\n                        meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Ungerfeld","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113955e+13_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3221","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12223221","article-title":"Yeast products mediated ruminal subenvironmental microbiota, and\n                        abnormal metabolites and digestive enzymes regulated rumen fermentation\n                        function in sheep","volume":"12","author":"Su","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"key2.0261002113955e+13_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00659","article-title":"Identification of complex rumen microbiome interaction within\n                        diverse functional niches as mechanisms affecting the variation of methane\n                        emissions in bovine","volume":"11","author":"Mart\u00ednez-\u00c1lvaro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113955e+13_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.animal.2024.101180","article-title":"A meta-analysis of probiotic interventions to mitigate ruminal\n                        methane emissions in cattle: implications for sustainable livestock\n                        farming","volume":"18","author":"Ncho","year":"2024","journal-title":"Animal."},{"key":"key2.0261002113955e+13_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s42523-025-00385-0","article-title":"Reduction of enteric methane emission using methanotroph-based\n                        probiotics in Hanwoo steers","volume":"7","author":"Tseten","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anim Microbiome."},{"key":"key2.0261002113955e+13_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00682","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00682-24","article-title":"Multi-omics analysis reveals the core microbiome and biomarker\n                        for nutrition degradation in alfalfa silage fermentation","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"key2.0261002113955e+13_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-017-0141-0","article-title":"The ruminal microbiome associated with methane emissions from\n                        ruminant livestock","volume":"8","author":"Tapio","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113955e+13_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/anr.2024.18","article-title":"Can meta-omics revolutionize our understanding of rumen methane\n                        emissions?","volume":"1","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anim Nutriomics."},{"key":"key2.0261002113955e+13_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2023.127329","article-title":"Fermentation profile, aerobic stability, and microbial community\n                        dynamics of corn straw ensiled with Lactobacillus buchneri PC-C1 and\n                        Lactobacillus plantarum PC1-1","volume":"270","author":"Okoye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol Res."},{"key":"key2.0261002113955e+13_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675352","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.675352","article-title":"Soybean roots and soil from high- and low-yielding field sites\n                        have different microbiome composition","volume":"12","author":"Bandara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."},{"key":"key2.0261002113955e+13_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.81670","article-title":"Fermentation: teaming up to make kombucha","volume":"11","author":"Ponomarova","year":"2022","journal-title":"eLife."}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Science and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ejast.org\/download\/download_pdf?doi=10.5187\/jast.2600013","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ejast.org\/download\/download_pdf?doi=10.5187\/jast.2600013","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T02:59:50Z","timestamp":1790909990000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ejast.org\/archive\/view_article?doi=10.5187\/jast.2600013"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.5187\/jast.2600013"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5187\/jast.2600013","relation":{},"ISSN":["2672-0191","2055-0391"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2672-0191","type":"print"},{"value":"2055-0391","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-15","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}