{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:16:26Z","timestamp":1792790186190,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Korean Society of Animal Science and Technology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute","award":["RS-2025-25454860"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2025-25454860"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00fdzyk40","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ejast.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Anim Sci Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Mycotoxin contamination of animal feed is a major threat to livestock\n                    reproduction. Deoxynivalenol (DON), a trichothecene mycotoxin, disrupts cellular\n                    function by binding to ribosomes and inducing ribotoxic stress, oxidative\n                    imbalance, and apoptosis. Its primary microbial metabolite,\n                    deepoxy-deoxynivalenol (DOM-1), is thought to be less toxic. However, its\n                    reproductive effects remain unclear. DON contamination is widely reported in\n                    cereal grains used in animal feed, and pigs exposed to contaminated diets have\n                    been shown to exhibit detectable DON and DOM-1 levels in blood, urine, and fetal\n                    tissues (approximately 8\u20139 ng\/g), highlighting the biological relevance\n                    of DON exposure during reproduction. Here, we evaluated the effects of DON (250,\n                    500, and 1,000 ng\/mL) and DOM-1 (250, 500, and 1,000 ng\/mL) on porcine oocyte\n                    maturation and embryonic development in vitro, and examined\n                    whether resveratrol (Res, 2 \u03bcM) could mitigate DON-induced toxicity.\n                    Exposure to DON inhibited cumulus cell expansion, maturation rates and impaired\n                    developmental competence, at a concentration of 1,000 ng\/mL, developmental\n                    arrest was complete. DON-treated oocytes showed increased ROS, decreased GSH,\n                    upregulated ER stress and apoptosis-related gene levels (ATF4, XBP1, CHOP, BAX),\n                    with downregulated anti-apoptosis gene levels (BCL2). In contrast, DOM-1 had no\n                    significant effects compared with those of the controls, except for a modest\n                    reduction in the blastocyst rate at the highest concentration. Although Res did\n                    not show restorative effects on cumulus cell expansion and nuclear maturation,\n                    Res supplementation reduced DON-induced ER stress markers, increased BCL2\n                    levels, and induced blastocyst development in DON-exposed embryos. These\n                    findings demonstrate that DON exerts dose-dependent toxicity in porcine oocytes\n                    via oxidative stress and ER stress\u2013mediated apoptosis, whereas DOM-1 is\n                    largely nontoxic. Res partially protected against DON-induced oocyte damage and\n                    confirms its potential as a supplement to combat mycotoxins.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2600045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:16:22Z","timestamp":1777248982000},"page":"1099-1116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5187\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative effects of deoxynivalenol and deepoxy-deoxynivalenol on\n                    porcine oocyte maturation and embryonic development, and the partial protective\n                    role of resveratrol"],"prefix":"10.5187","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9527-7544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hoyong","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0227as991","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2789-7088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaehyeok","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0227as991","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3814-9913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junghui","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0227as991","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0562-7242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0227as991","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3144-9746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kukbin","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0227as991","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5011-2658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inchul","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0227as991","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Biosystems and Dairy Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2649-9677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeongwoong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03ep23f07","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7099-9735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min Kyu","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0227as991","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea"},{"name":"MK Biotech Co., LTD., Daejeon, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3132","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"key2.026100211394e+13_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14030167","article-title":"Mycotoxins\u2019 toxicological mechanisms involving humans,\n                        livestock and their associated health concerns: a review","volume":"14","author":"Awuchi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxins."},{"key":"key2.026100211394e+13_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13110822","article-title":"Alimentary risk of mycotoxins for humans and\n                        animals","volume":"13","author":"K\u0119pi\u0144ska-Pacelik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxins."},{"key":"key2.026100211394e+13_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2016.03.001","article-title":"Impact of mycotoxin on immune response and consequences for pig\n                        health","volume":"2","author":"Pierron","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anim Nutr."},{"key":"key2.026100211394e+13_B4","first-page":"869","article-title":"Environment to embryo: intersections of contaminant exposure and\n                        preimplantation embryo development in agricultural animals","volume":"107","author":"McGraw","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol Reprod."},{"key":"key2.026100211394e+13_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins8110334","article-title":"Deoxynivalenol and its modified forms: are there major\n                        differences?","volume":"8","author":"Alizadeh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxins."},{"key":"key2.026100211394e+13_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13020171","article-title":"Mycotoxin occurrence, toxicity, and detoxifying agents in pig\n                        production with an emphasis on deoxynivalenol","volume":"13","author":"Holanda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxins."},{"key":"key2.026100211394e+13_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s40813-016-0041-2","article-title":"Impact of two mycotoxins deoxynivalenol and fumonisin on pig\n                        intestinal health","volume":"2","author":"Pierron","year":"2016","journal-title":"Porcine Health Manag."},{"key":"key2.026100211394e+13_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0739-7240(02)00157-1","article-title":"Is exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds during\n                        fetal\/post-natal development affecting the reproductive potential of farm\n                        animals?","volume":"23","author":"Sweeney","year":"2002","journal-title":"Domest Anim Endocrinol."},{"key":"key2.026100211394e+13_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2016.10.023","article-title":"Deoxynivalenol induces toxic effects in the ovaries of pigs: an\n                        ex vivo approach","volume":"90","author":"Gerez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Theriogenology."},{"key":"key2.026100211394e+13_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.107.062711","article-title":"Exposure of oocytes to the Fusarium toxins zearalenone and\n                        deoxynivalenol causes aneuploidy and abnormal embryo development in\n                        pigs","volume":"77","author":"Malekinejad","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biol Reprod."},{"key":"key2.026100211394e+13_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2016.03.006","article-title":"Deoxynivalenol exposure induces autophagy\/apoptosis and\n                        epigenetic modification changes during porcine oocyte\n                        maturation","volume":"300","author":"Han","year":"2016","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol."},{"key":"key2.026100211394e+13_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29105","DOI":"10.1038\/srep29105","article-title":"Microbial biotransformation of DON: molecular basis for reduced\n                        toxicity","volume":"6","author":"Pierron","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"key2.026100211394e+13_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2021.112616","article-title":"Deoxynivalenol: mechanisms of action and its effects on various\n                        terrestrial and aquatic species","volume":"157","author":"Hooft","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol."},{"key":"key2.026100211394e+13_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2020.111241","article-title":"Reduced toxicity of 3-epi-deoxynivalenol and\n                        de-epoxy-deoxynivalenol through deoxynivalenol bacterial biotransformation:\n                        in vivo analysis in piglets","volume":"140","author":"Bracarense","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol."},{"key":"key2.026100211394e+13_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14070497","article-title":"Comparative effects of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and its\n                        modified forms de-epoxy-deoxynivalenol and hydrolyzed zearalenone on boar\n                        semen in vitro","volume":"14","author":"Tassis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxins."},{"key":"key2.026100211394e+13_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.3390\/dairy3030035","article-title":"Adverse effects of Fusarium toxins in ruminants: a review of in\n                        vivo and in vitro studies","volume":"3","author":"Gallo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dairy."},{"key":"key2.026100211394e+13_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jia.2024.07.037","article-title":"Mechanism of mitigating on Deoxynivalenol-induced intestinal\n                        toxicity in swine and its dietary regulation strategy","volume":"24","author":"Pan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Integr Agric."},{"key":"key2.026100211394e+13_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/iox127","article-title":"The mycotoxin metabolite deepoxy- deoxynivalenol increases\n                        apoptosis and decreases steroidogenesis in bovine ovarian theca\n                        cells","volume":"97","author":"Guerrero-Netro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol Reprod."},{"key":"key2.026100211394e+13_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4102","article-title":"Effects of the mycotoxin metabolite de-epoxy-deoxynivalenol\n                        (DOM-1) on embryo development and sperm motility in cattle","volume":"41","author":"Guerrero-Netro","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Appl Toxicol."},{"key":"key2.026100211394e+13_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15030228","article-title":"The mycotoxin de-epoxy-deoxynivalenol (DOM-1) increases\n                        endoplasmic reticulum stress in ovarian theca cells","volume":"15","author":"Reyes-Perea","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxins."},{"key":"key2.026100211394e+13_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s12550-016-0260-z","article-title":"Deoxynivalenol and its metabolite deepoxy-deoxynivalenol:\n                        multi-parameter analysis for the evaluation of cytotoxicity and cellular\n                        effects","volume":"33","author":"Springler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mycotoxin Res."},{"key":"key2.026100211394e+13_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1262\/jrd.09-174K","article-title":"Effect of resveratrol on the development of porcine embryos\n                        produced in vitro","volume":"56","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Reprod Dev."},{"key":"key2.026100211394e+13_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.10.041","article-title":"Beneficial effect of resveratrol on bovine oocyte maturation and\n                        subsequent embryonic development after in vitro\n                        fertilization","volume":"101","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fertil Steril."},{"key":"key2.026100211394e+13_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11091775","article-title":"Effect of resveratrol supplementation on intestinal oxidative\n                        stress, immunity and gut microbiota in weaned piglets challenged with\n                        deoxynivalenol","volume":"11","author":"Qiu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants."},{"key":"key2.026100211394e+13_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2012.01.024","article-title":"The effects of resveratrol on porcine oocyte in vitro maturation\n                        and subsequent embryonic development after parthenogenetic activation and in\n                        vitro fertilization","volume":"78","author":"Kwak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Theriogenology."},{"key":"key2.026100211394e+13_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.03.040","article-title":"Synergistic effects of resveratrol and melatonin on in vitro\n                        maturation of porcine oocytes and subsequent embryo\n                        development","volume":"114","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Theriogenology."},{"key":"key2.026100211394e+13_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920257","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/920257","article-title":"Effects of resveratrol on vitrified porcine\n                        oocytes","volume":"2013","author":"Giaretta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev."},{"key":"key2.026100211394e+13_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2009.01482.x","article-title":"From zygote to implantation: morphological and molecular dynamics\n                        during embryo development in the pig","volume":"44","author":"Oestrup","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reprod Domest Anim."},{"key":"key2.026100211394e+13_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exphem.2011.06.007","article-title":"Resveratrol triggers the pro-apoptotic endoplasmic reticulum\n                        stress response and represses pro-survival XBP1 signaling in human multiple\n                        myeloma cells","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp Hematol."},{"key":"key2.026100211394e+13_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2017.07.026","article-title":"Zygotic genome activation in vertebrates","volume":"42","author":"Jukam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev Cell."},{"key":"key2.026100211394e+13_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1080\/10937400590889458","article-title":"Deoxynivalenol: toxicology and potential effects on\n                        humans","volume":"8","author":"Pestka","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev."},{"key":"key2.026100211394e+13_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfn102","article-title":"Deoxynivalenol induces p38 interaction with the ribosome in\n                        monocytes and macrophages","volume":"105","author":"Bae","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci."},{"key":"key2.026100211394e+13_B34","first-page":"63","article-title":"Microbial detoxification of deoxynivalenol (DON), assessed via a\n                        Lemna minor L","volume":"9","author":"Vanhoutte","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioassay, through biotransformation to 3-epi-DON and 3-epi-DOM-1.\n                        Toxins."},{"key":"key2.026100211394e+13_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2020.111649","article-title":"The biological detoxification of deoxynivalenol: a\n                        review","volume":"145","author":"Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol."},{"key":"key2.026100211394e+13_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-023-01291-2","article-title":"Transcriptomic profiles reveal the characteristics of oocytes and\n                        cumulus cells at GV, MI, and MII in follicles before\n                        ovulation","volume":"16","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Ovarian Res."},{"key":"key2.026100211394e+13_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-09-0345","article-title":"The pivotal role of glucose metabolism in determining oocyte\n                        developmental competence","volume":"139","author":"Sutton-McDowall","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reproduction."},{"key":"key2.026100211394e+13_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2019.7984","article-title":"Redox biology of human cumulus cells: basic concepts, impact on\n                        oocyte quality, and potential clinical use","volume":"32","author":"von Mengden","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal."},{"key":"key2.026100211394e+13_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-024-01827-z","article-title":"The dose-dependent dual effects of alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) on\n                        cumulus oocyte complexes during in vitro maturation","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal."},{"key":"key2.026100211394e+13_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s12088-021-00965-z","article-title":"Cellular apoptosis induced by deoxynivalenol","volume":"62","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Microbiol."},{"key":"key2.026100211394e+13_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3602","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13233602","article-title":"Resveratrol reduces ROS by increasing GSH in vitrified sheep\n                        embryos","volume":"13","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Garz\u00f3n","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"key2.026100211394e+13_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-022-00822-z","article-title":"Biological function of resveratrol and its application in animal\n                        production: a review","volume":"14","author":"Meng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol."},{"key":"key2.026100211394e+13_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2007.02.016","article-title":"On the transfer of the Fusarium toxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and\n                        zearalenone (ZON) from the sow to the full-term piglet during the last third\n                        of gestation","volume":"45","author":"D\u00e4nicke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Animal Science and Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ejast.org\/download\/download_pdf?doi=10.5187\/jast.2600045","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ejast.org\/download\/download_pdf?doi=10.5187\/jast.2600045","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T02:58:16Z","timestamp":1790909896000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.ejast.org\/archive\/view_article?doi=10.5187\/jast.2600045"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.5187\/jast.2600045"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5187\/jast.2600045","relation":{},"ISSN":["2672-0191","2055-0391"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2672-0191","type":"print"},{"value":"2055-0391","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-27","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}