{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T01:38:12Z","timestamp":1788485892332,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine Statewide Campus System","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"introduction\">\n                    <jats:title>INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although medical educators participate in faculty development, they do not always find this education time well spent, or helpful for improving their practice. This mixed-methods randomized comparative study aimed to compare perceptions of two faculty development modalities by comparing a traditional method of learning (text-based PDF with information) with an online learning method (e-learning module).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In December of 2021, an instructionally designed e-learning module (experimental) and a text-only PDF with the same information (control) were randomly assigned to 48 faculty via Qualtrics randomizer feature, with no investigator involvement in the assignment, in four medical specialties at a medium-sized Midwest academic medical institution. Questionnaires were distributed to all faculty, pre-exercise, to gather demographics, previous faculty development experience, and responses to a practice exercise. Faculty were then provided with their randomly assigned faculty development task to complete and a post-exercise survey to discover which modality was assigned and gather their perceptions of the usefulness of the delivery method. Six (12.5%) volunteers offered to discuss the two modalities in a focus group. 29 (60.4%) of the 48 faculty completed the pre-survey, educational exercise, and post-survey. Quantitative and qualitative data were triangulated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Independent samples t-tests of Likert-style survey results of faculty perceptions about the e-learning module versus the text-based PDF showed no significant difference. Thematic analysis of open-ended survey responses revealed a preference for the e-learning module when learning, and the text-based PDF for reference post-learning. Finally, a focus group revealed that providing tools through both the text-only PDF and the e-learning module was preferred over only providing one or the other.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While the purpose of the study was to determine which modality was more useful, the statistical comparisons were exploratory and underpowered. Still, results suggest that medical educators may find this approach beneficial for other types of education when designing online faculty development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.51894\/001c.168172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T12:43:04Z","timestamp":1788266584000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Perceptions of medical faculty on an e-learning module providing faculty development"],"prefix":"10.51894","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3988-3560","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bethany J","family":"Figg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02xawj266","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Central Michigan University","department":["Graduate Medical Education"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6950-6104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Troy","family":"Hicks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02xawj266","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Central Michigan University","department":["Teacher and Special Education Department"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8327-8002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sally A","family":"Santen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01e3m7079","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Cincinnati","department":["College of Medicine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Bihn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02xawj266","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Central Michigan University","department":["Graduate Medical Education"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2917-543X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steve","family":"Vance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02xawj266","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Central Michigan University","department":["College of Medicine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8568-7838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary Jo","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02xawj266","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Central Michigan University","department":["Graduate Medical Education"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"29343","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"ACGME Common Program Requirements (Residency)","author":"Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education","year":"2025"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.5556","article-title":"Milestones and Competency-Based Medical Education in Internal Medicine","volume":"176","author":"E. S. Holmboe","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.4633","article-title":"Resident Perspective on Feedback and Barriers for Use as an Educational Tool","volume":"11","author":"S. Albano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0b013e31820cb2a7","article-title":"Faculty Development in Assessment: The Missing Link in Competency-Based Medical Education","volume":"86","author":"E. S. Holmboe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.3102\/003465430298487","article-title":"The power of feedback","volume":"77","author":"J. Hattie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev Educ Res"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3087","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.03087","article-title":"The Power of Feedback Revisited: A Meta-Analysis of Educational Feedback Research","volume":"10","author":"B. Wisniewski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"e-Learning and the Science of Instruction: Proven Guidelines for Consumers and Designers of Multimedia Learning","author":"R. C. Clark","year":"2007","edition":"2"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Articulate Rise","year":"2025"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.4300\/JGME-D-15-00414.1","article-title":"Choosing a Qualitative Research Approach","volume":"7","author":"A. Teherani","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Grad Med Educ"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1007\/S40037-019-0509-2","article-title":"How phenomenology can help us learn from the experiences of others","volume":"8","author":"B. E. Neubauer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Perspect Med Educ"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.3126\/nje.v6i3.15870","article-title":"Evolution of technology in teaching: Blackboard and beyond in Medical Education","volume":"6","author":"J. Muttappallymyalil","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nepal J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000001596","article-title":"The Role of E-Learning in Medical Education","volume":"92","author":"R. Huynh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-6643-7","article-title":"Educational Technology: A Primer for the 21st Century","author":"R. Huang","year":"2019"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.4300\/JGME-D-19-00644.1","article-title":"CREOGs Over Coffee: Feasibility of an Ob-Gyn Medical Education Podcast by Residents","volume":"12","author":"F. Cai","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Grad Med Educ"},{"issue":"978","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2006.054189","article-title":"The use of elearning in medical education: a review of the current situation","volume":"83","author":"A. P. Choules","year":"2007","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1111\/1742-6723.13936","article-title":"Review article: E-learning in emergency medicine: A systematic review","volume":"34","author":"A. J. Savage","year":"2022","journal-title":"Emerg Med Australas"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.3109\/0142159X.2013.827328","article-title":"Online learning for faculty development: A review of the literature","volume":"35","author":"D. A. Cook","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Teach"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0000000000002899","article-title":"Using Longitudinal Milestones Data and Learning Analytics to Facilitate the Professional Development of Residents: Early Lessons From Three Specialties","volume":"95","author":"E. S. Holmboe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-019-04946-3","article-title":"Milestone Implementation's Impact on Narrative Comments and Perception of Feedback for Internal Medicine Residents: a Mixed Methods Study","volume":"34","author":"S. E. Raaum","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.22454\/FamMed.2022.587346","article-title":"Resident Physician Interactions and Engagement With Written Assessments of Performance","volume":"55","author":"B. J. Figg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fam Med"}],"container-title":["Spartan Medical Research Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/smrj.scholasticahq.com\/article\/168172-perceptions-of-medical-faculty-on-an-e-learning-module-providing-faculty-development","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T12:43:05Z","timestamp":1788266585000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/smrj.scholasticahq.com\/article\/168172-perceptions-of-medical-faculty-on-an-e-learning-module-providing-faculty-development"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51894\/001c.168172","relation":{},"ISSN":["2474-7629"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2474-7629","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]}}}