{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T16:46:58Z","timestamp":1783615618145,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Copernicus GmbH","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,5]],"date-time":"2018-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Atmos. Chem. Phys."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract. Anthropogenic emissions such as NOx and SO2 influence the biogenic\nsecondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, but detailed mechanisms and\neffects are still elusive. We studied the effects of NOx and SO2 on\nthe SOA formation from the photooxidation of \u03b1-pinene and limonene at\nambient relevant NOx and SO2 concentrations (NOx: &lt;\u20091to 20\u2009ppb, SO2: &lt;\u20090.05 to 15\u2009ppb). In these experiments,\nmonoterpene oxidation was dominated by OH oxidation. We found that SO2\ninduced nucleation and enhanced SOA mass formation. NOx strongly\nsuppressed not only new particle formation but also SOA mass yield. However,\nin the presence of SO2 which induced a high number concentration of\nparticles after oxidation to H2SO4, the suppression of the mass\nyield of SOA by NOx was completely or partly compensated for. This indicates\nthat the suppression of SOA yield by NOx was largely due to the\nsuppressed new particle formation, leading to a lack of particle surface for\nthe organics to condense on and thus a significant influence of vapor wall\nloss on SOA mass yield. By compensating for the suppressing effect on\nnucleation of NOx, SO2 also compensated for the suppressing effect\non SOA yield. Aerosol mass spectrometer data show that increasing NOx\nenhanced nitrate formation. The majority of the nitrate was organic nitrate\n(57\u201377\u2009%), even in low-NOx conditions (&lt;\u2009\u223c\u20091\u2009ppb). Organic nitrate contributed 7\u201326\u2009% of total organics assuming a\nmolecular weight of 200\u2009g\u2009mol\u22121. SOA from \u03b1-pinene photooxidation at\nhigh NOx had a generally lower hydrogen to carbon ratio (H\u2009\u2215\u2009C), compared to\nlow NOx. The NOx dependence of the chemical composition can be\nattributed to the NOx dependence of the branching ratio of the RO2\nloss reactions, leading to a lower fraction of organic hydroperoxides and\nhigher fractions of organic nitrates at high NOx. While NOx\nsuppressed new particle formation and SOA mass formation, SO2 can\ncompensate for such effects, and the combining effect of SO2 and\nNOx may have an important influence on SOA formation affected by\ninteractions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with anthropogenic\nemissions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-18-1611-2018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,5]],"date-time":"2018-02-05T06:17:22Z","timestamp":1517811442000},"page":"1611-1628","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":136,"title":["Effects of NO\n                    <sub>\n                      <i>x<\/i>\n                    <\/sub>\n                    and SO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    on the secondary organic aerosol formation from photooxidation of\n                    <i>\u03b1<\/i>\n                    -pinene and limonene"],"prefix":"10.5194","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8790-7283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Defeng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian H.","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1024-0131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingjin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ismail-Hakki","family":"Acir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0648-6622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralf","family":"Tillmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3808-1964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhaofeng","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2077-7573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Novelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1263-0061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hendrik","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1558-2720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iida","family":"Pullinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2042-9333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Wegener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franz","family":"Rohrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Wildt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3166-2253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Astrid","family":"Kiendler-Scharr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8948-1928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Wahner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0810-3541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas F.","family":"Mentel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3145","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aiken, A. 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