{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T19:30:00Z","timestamp":1778268600692,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Copernicus GmbH","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,22]],"date-time":"2019-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013-06917"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013-06917"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014-05332"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014-05332"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001862","name":"Svenska Forskningsr\u00e5det Formas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015-1537"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015-1537"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001862","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Atmos. Chem. Phys."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract. This work presents the results from a flow reactor study on the\nformation of carboxylic acids from limonene oxidation in the presence of\nozone under NOx-free conditions in the dark. A High-Resolution Time-of-Flight acetate Chemical Ionisation Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-CIMS) was used in combination with a Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsols (FIGAERO)\nto measure the carboxylic acids in the gas and particle phases. The results\nrevealed that limonene oxidation produced large amounts of carboxylic acids\nwhich are important contributors to secondary organic aerosol (SOA)\nformation. The highest 10 acids contributed 56\u2009%\u201391\u2009% to the total\ngas-phase signal, and the dominant gas-phase species in most experiments were\nC8H12O4, C9H14O4, C7H10O4 and\nC10H16O3. The particle-phase composition was generally more\ncomplex than the gas-phase composition, and the highest 10 acids contributed\n47\u2009%\u201392\u2009% to the total signal. The dominant species in the particle phase\nwere C8H12O5, C9H14O5, C9H12O5\nand C10H16O4. The measured concentration of dimers bearing at\nleast one carboxylic acid function in the particle phase was very low,\nindicating that acidic dimers play a minor role in SOA formation via\nozone (O3)\/hydroxyl (OH) oxidation of limonene. Based on the various experimental\nconditions, the acidic compositions for all experiments were modelled using\ndescriptions from the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM). The experiment\nand model provided a yield of large (C7\u2013C10) carboxylic acid of the order of 10\u2009% (2\u2009%\u201323\u2009% and 10\u2009%\u201315\u2009%, respectively). Significant concentrations of 11\nacids, from a total of 16 acids, included in the MCM were measured with the\nCIMS. However, the model predictions were, in some cases, inconsistent with\nthe measurement results, especially regarding the OH dependence.\nReaction mechanisms are suggested to fill-in the knowledge gaps. Using the\nadditional mechanisms proposed in this work, nearly 75\u2009% of the observed\ngas-phase signal in our lowest concentration experiment (8.4\u2009ppb converted, ca. 23\u2009% acid yield) carried out under humid conditions can be understood.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-19-13037-2019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,22]],"date-time":"2019-10-22T08:28:34Z","timestamp":1571732914000},"page":"13037-13052","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Carboxylic acids from limonene oxidation by ozone and hydroxyl radicals: insights into mechanisms derived using a FIGAERO-CIMS"],"prefix":"10.5194","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Julia","family":"Hammes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Lutz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0810-3541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Mentel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cameron","family":"Faxon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5691-1231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mattias","family":"Hallquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"3145","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Atkinson, R., Aschmann, S. 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