{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T07:24:28Z","timestamp":1782804268744,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Copernicus GmbH","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]],"date-time":"2021-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Earth Syst. Sci. Data"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract. Framed within the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) of the European Commission,\nthe European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) is producing an enhanced global dataset for the land component of the fifth generation of European ReAnalysis (ERA5), hereafter referred to as ERA5-Land. Once completed, the period covered will span from 1950 to the present, with continuous updates to support land monitoring applications. ERA5-Land describes the evolution of the water and energy cycles over land in a consistent manner over the production period, which, among others, could be used to analyse trends and anomalies.\nThis is achieved through global high-resolution numerical integrations of the ECMWF land surface model driven by the downscaled meteorological forcing from the ERA5 climate reanalysis, including an elevation correction for the thermodynamic near-surface state. ERA5-Land shares with ERA5\nmost of the parameterizations that guarantees the use of the state-of-the-art land surface modelling applied to numerical weather prediction (NWP) models.\nA main advantage of ERA5-Land compared to ERA5 and the older ERA-Interim is the horizontal resolution, which is enhanced globally to 9\u2009km compared to 31\u2009km (ERA5) or 80\u2009km (ERA-Interim), whereas the temporal resolution\nis hourly as in ERA5. Evaluation against independent in situ observations\nand global model or satellite-based reference datasets shows the added value\nof ERA5-Land in the description of the hydrological cycle, in particular\nwith enhanced soil moisture and lake description, and an overall better agreement of\nriver discharge estimations with available observations. However, ERA5-Land snow depth fields present a mixed performance when compared to those of ERA5, depending on geographical location and altitude.\nThe description of the\nenergy cycle shows comparable results with ERA5. Nevertheless, ERA5-Land reduces the global averaged root mean square error of the skin temperature, taking as\nreference MODIS data, mainly due to the contribution of\ncoastal points where spatial resolution is important.\nSince January\u00a02020, the ERA5-Land period available has extended from January\u00a01981 to the near present, with a\n2- to 3-month delay with respect to real time. The segment prior to 1981 is in production, aiming for a release of the whole dataset in summer\/autumn\u00a02021.\nThe high spatial and temporal resolution of ERA5-Land, its extended period, and the consistency of the fields produced makes it a valuable dataset to support hydrological studies,\nto initialize NWP and climate models,\nand to support diverse applications dealing with water resource, land, and environmental management. The full ERA5-Land hourly (Mu\u00f1oz-Sabater,\u00a02019a) and monthly (Mu\u00f1oz-Sabater,\u00a02019b) averaged datasets presented in this paper are available through the C3S Climate Data Store at https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24381\/cds.e2161bac and https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24381\/cds.68d2bb30, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-13-4349-2021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]],"date-time":"2021-09-07T08:00:22Z","timestamp":1631001622000},"page":"4349-4383","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3954,"title":["ERA5-Land: a state-of-the-art global reanalysis dataset for land applications"],"prefix":"10.5194","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5997-290X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaqu\u00edn","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Sabater","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0643-2643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuel","family":"Dutra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Agust\u00ed-Panareda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1095-2702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e9ment","family":"Albergel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Arduini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1745-3634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianpaolo","family":"Balsamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8646-8701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Souhail","family":"Boussetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4393-931X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarita","family":"Choulga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0992-3667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaun","family":"Harrigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5330-7071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans","family":"Hersbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7368-7953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brecht","family":"Martens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6186-5751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego G.","family":"Miralles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1169-3098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Piles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3796-149X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nemesio J.","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7998-0130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ervin","family":"Zsoter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1874-5380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"Buontempo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-No\u00ebl","family":"Th\u00e9paut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3145","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agust\u00ed-Panareda, A., Massart, S., Chevallier, F., Balsamo, G., Boussetta, S., Dutra, E., and Beljaars, A.: A biogenic CO2 flux adjustment scheme for the mitigation of large-scale biases in global atmospheric CO2 analyses and forecasts, Atmos. 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