{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T06:12:23Z","timestamp":1781590343962,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"Copernicus GmbH","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010662","name":"H2020 Excellent Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["820829"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["820829"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010662","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010662","name":"H2020 Excellent Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["821003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["821003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010662","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"H2020 European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["951542"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["951542"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NE\/T009381\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/T009381\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000847","name":"Met Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BEIS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BEIS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Earth Syst. Sci. Data"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessments arethe trusted source of scientific evidence for climate negotiations takingplace under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC), including the first global stocktake under the Paris Agreementthat will conclude at COP28 in December 2023. Evidence-based decision-makingneeds to be informed by up-to-date and timely information on key indicatorsof the state of the climate system and of the human influence on the globalclimate system. However, successive IPCC reports are published at intervalsof 5\u201310 years, creating potential for an information gap between reportcycles. We follow methods as close as possible to those used in the IPCC SixthAssessment Report (AR6) Working Group One (WGI) report. We compilemonitoring datasets to produce estimates for key climate indicators relatedto forcing of the climate system: emissions of greenhouse gases andshort-lived climate forcers, greenhouse gas concentrations, radiativeforcing, surface temperature changes, the Earth's energy imbalance, warmingattributed to human activities, the remaining carbon budget, and estimates ofglobal temperature extremes. The purpose of this effort, grounded in an opendata, open science approach, is to make annually updated reliable globalclimate indicators available in the public domain (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.8000192, Smith et al., 2023a). As they aretraceable to IPCC report methods, they can be trusted by all partiesinvolved in UNFCCC negotiations and help convey wider understanding of thelatest knowledge of the climate system and its direction of travel. The indicators show that human-induced warming reached 1.14 [0.9 to 1.4]\u2009\u2218C averaged over the 2013\u20132022 decade and 1.26 [1.0 to 1.6]\u2009\u2218C in 2022. Over the 2013\u20132022 period, human-induced warming hasbeen increasing at an unprecedented rate of over 0.2\u2009\u2218C perdecade. This high rate of warming is caused by a combination of greenhousegas emissions being at an all-time high of 54\u2009\u00b1\u20095.3\u2009GtCO2e overthe last decade, as well as reductions in the strength of aerosol cooling.Despite this, there is evidence that increases in greenhouse gas emissionshave slowed, and depending on societal choices, a continued series of theseannual updates over the critical 2020s decade could track a change ofdirection for human influence on climate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-15-2295-2023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]],"date-time":"2023-06-06T15:32:12Z","timestamp":1686065532000},"page":"2295-2327","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":291,"title":["Indicators of Global Climate Change 2022: annual update of large-scale indicators of the state of the climate system and human influence"],"prefix":"10.5194","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6078-0171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piers M.","family":"Forster","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0599-4633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5227-9432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tristram","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3273-7878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William 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S., Straneo, F., Hendricks, S., Korosov, A., Lavergne, T.,\nLawrence, I., Marzeion, B., Otosaka, I., Schweiger, A., Shepherd, A.,\nSlater, D., Slater, T., Timmermanns, M.-L., and Zemp, M.: GCOS EHI 1960\u20132020\nCryosphere Heat Content, World Data Center for Climate (WDCC) at DKRZ [data set],\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.26050\/WDCC\/GCOS_EHI_1960-2020_CRHC, 2022."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allen, M. R., Dube, O. P., Solecki, W., Arag\u00f3n-Durand, F., Cramer, W.,\nHumphreys, S., Kainuma, M., Kala, J., Mahowald, N., Mulugetta, Y., Perez, R.,\nWairiu, M., and Zickfeld, K.: Framing and Context, in: Global Warming of\n1.5\u2009\u2218C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of\n1.5\u2009\u2218C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse\ngas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response\nto the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to\neradicate poverty, edited by: Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., P\u00f6rtner, H.-O.,\nRoberts, D., Skea, J., Shukla, P. R., Pirani, A., Moufouma-Okia, W., P\u00e9an, C.,\nPidcock, R., Connors, S., Matthews, J. B. R., Chen, Y., Zhou, X., Gomis, M. 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