{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T20:24:07Z","timestamp":1781987047555,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":140,"publisher":"Copernicus GmbH","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]],"date-time":"2020-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Geosci. Model Dev."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract. Questions related to historical and future water resources and scarcity have been addressed by several macroscale hydrological models. One of these\nmodels is the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model. However, further model developments were needed to holistically assess anthropogenic\nimpacts on global water resources using VIC. Our study developed VIC-WUR, which extends the VIC model using (1)\u00a0integrated routing, (2)\u00a0surface and groundwater use for various sectors\n(irrigation, domestic, industrial, energy, and livestock), (3)\u00a0environmental flow requirements for both surface and groundwater systems, and (4)\u00a0dam\noperation. Global gridded datasets on sectoral demands were developed separately and used as an input for the VIC-WUR model. Simulated national water withdrawals were in line with reported\nFood and Agriculture Organization (FAO) national annual withdrawals (adjusted R2\u2009&gt;\u20090.8), both per sector and per source. However, trends in time for domestic and industrial water withdrawal were mixed compared with previous studies. Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) monthly terrestrial water storage anomalies were well represented (global mean root-mean-squared error, RMSE, values of 1.9 and 3.5\u2009mm for annual and interannual anomalies\nrespectively), whereas groundwater depletion trends were overestimated. The implemented anthropogenic impact modules increased simulated streamflow\nperformance for 370 of the 462 anthropogenically impacted Global Runoff Data Centre (GRDC) monitoring stations, mostly due to the effects of reservoir operation. An assessment of\nenvironmental flow requirements indicates that global water withdrawals have to be severely limited (by 39\u2009%) to protect aquatic ecosystems,\nespecially with respect to groundwater withdrawals. VIC-WUR has potential for studying the impacts of climate change and anthropogenic developments on current and future water resources and sector-specific water scarcity. The additions presented here make the VIC model more suited for fully integrated worldwide water resource assessments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-13-5029-2020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]],"date-time":"2020-10-27T07:09:33Z","timestamp":1603782573000},"page":"5029-5052","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Simulating human impacts on global water resources using VIC-5"],"prefix":"10.5194","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9559-8986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bram","family":"Droppers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wietse H. P.","family":"Franssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2597-8422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle T. H.","family":"van Vliet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4062-0322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bart","family":"Nijssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fulco","family":"Ludwig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3145","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdulla, F. A., Lettenmaier, D. P., Wood, E. F., and Smith, J. A.:\nApplication of a macroscale hydrologic model to estimate the water balance of the Arkansas Red River basin,\nJ. Geophys. 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