{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T20:30:06Z","timestamp":1794083406596,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Copernicus GmbH","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,28]],"date-time":"2018-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) recently\nreleased the first 7-year segment of its latest atmospheric reanalysis: ERA-5\nover the period 2010\u20132016. ERA-5 has important changes relative to the former ERA-Interim\natmospheric reanalysis including higher spatial and temporal resolutions as\nwell as a more recent model and data assimilation system. ERA-5 is foreseen\nto replace ERA-Interim reanalysis and one of the main goals of this study is\nto assess whether ERA-5 can enhance the simulation performances with respect\nto ERA-Interim when it is used to force a land surface model (LSM). To that\nend, both ERA-5 and ERA-Interim are used to force the ISBA (Interactions\nbetween Soil, Biosphere, and Atmosphere) LSM fully coupled with the Total\nRunoff Integrating Pathways (TRIP) scheme adapted for the CNRM (Centre\nNational de Recherches M\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques) continental hydrological\nsystem within the SURFEX (SURFace Externalis\u00e9e) modelling platform of\nM\u00e9t\u00e9o-France. Simulations cover the 2010\u20132016 period at half a\ndegree spatial resolution. The ERA-5 impact on ISBA LSM relative to ERA-Interim is evaluated using\nremote sensing and in\u00a0situ observations covering a substantial part of the\nland surface storage and fluxes over the continental US domain.\nThe remote sensing observations include (i)\u00a0satellite-driven model\nestimates of land evapotranspiration, (ii)\u00a0upscaled ground-based observations\nof gross primary production, (iii)\u00a0satellite-derived estimates of surface\nsoil moisture and (iv)\u00a0satellite-derived estimates of leaf area index (LAI).\nThe in\u00a0situ observations cover (i)\u00a0soil moisture, (ii)\u00a0turbulent heat fluxes,\n(iii)\u00a0river discharges and (iv)\u00a0snow depth. ERA-5 leads to a consistent\nimprovement over ERA-Interim as verified by the use of these eight\nindependent observations of different land status and of the model\nsimulations forced by ERA-5 when compared with ERA-Interim. This is\nparticularly evident for the land surface variables linked to the terrestrial\nhydrological cycle, while variables linked to vegetation are less impacted.\nResults also indicate that while precipitation provides, to a large extent,\nimprovements in surface fields (e.g. large improvement in the representation\nof river discharge and snow depth), the other atmospheric variables play an\nimportant role, contributing to the overall improvements. These results\nhighlight the importance of enhanced meteorological forcing quality provided\nby the new ERA-5 reanalysis, which will pave the way for a new generation of\nland-surface developments and applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5194\/hess-22-3515-2018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,28]],"date-time":"2018-06-28T10:04:49Z","timestamp":1530180289000},"page":"3515-3532","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":319,"title":["ERA-5 and ERA-Interim driven ISBA land surface model simulations: which one performs better?"],"prefix":"10.5194","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1095-2702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clement","family":"Albergel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"corresponding-author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0643-2643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuel","family":"Dutra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7176-8584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Munier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6425-6492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Christophe","family":"Calvet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5997-290X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaquin","family":"Munoz-Sabater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7374-3820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia","family":"de Rosnay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1745-3634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianpaolo","family":"Balsamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3145","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Albergel, C., Calvet, J.-C., de Rosnay, P., Balsamo, G., Wagner, W., Hasenauer, S., Naeimi, V., Martin, E., Bazile, E., Bouyssel, F., and Mahfouf, J.-F.: Cross-evaluation of modelled and remotely sensed surface soil moisture with in situ data in southwestern France, Hydrol. 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