{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T05:29:25Z","timestamp":1772256565905,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Copernicus GmbH","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,27]],"date-time":"2016-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["335478"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["335478"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01LK1222B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01LK1222B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["200021 140663"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200021 140663"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Research Council of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["259005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["259005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Atmos. Chem. Phys."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract. There are strong indications that particles containing secondary organic aerosol (SOA) exhibit amorphous solid or semi-solid phase states in the atmosphere. This may facilitate heterogeneous ice nucleation and thus influence cloud properties. However, experimental ice nucleation studies of biogenic SOA are scarce. Here, we investigated the ice nucleation ability of viscous SOA particles. The SOA particles were produced from the ozone initiated oxidation of \u03b1-pinene in an aerosol chamber at temperatures in the range from \u221238 to \u221210\u202f\u00b0C at 5\u201315\u202f% relative humidity with respect to water to ensure their formation in a highly viscous phase state, i.e. semi-solid or glassy. The ice nucleation ability of SOA particles with different sizes was investigated with a new continuous flow diffusion chamber. For the first time, we observed heterogeneous ice nucleation of viscous \u03b1-pinene SOA for ice saturation ratios between 1.3 and 1.4 significantly below the homogeneous freezing limit. The maximum frozen fractions found at temperatures between \u221239.0 and \u221237.2\u202f\u00b0C ranged from 6 to 20\u202f% and did not depend on the particle surface area. Global modelling of monoterpene SOA particles suggests that viscous biogenic SOA particles are indeed present in regions where cirrus cloud formation takes place. Hence, they could make up an important contribution to the global ice nucleating particle budget.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-16-6495-2016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,27]],"date-time":"2016-05-27T08:55:48Z","timestamp":1464339348000},"page":"6495-6509","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Heterogeneous ice nucleation of viscous secondary organic aerosol produced from ozonolysis of\n                    <i>\u03b1<\/i>\n                    -pinene"],"prefix":"10.5194","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Karoliina","family":"Ignatius","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8254-3302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas  B.","family":"Kristensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5171-1759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma","family":"J\u00e4rvinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3923-1589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonid","family":"Nichman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1822-3224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamish","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8115-8106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Herenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1369-9143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher  R.","family":"Hoyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8819-0264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Duplissy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sarvesh","family":"Garimella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7833-8771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Frege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Niko","family":"H\u00f6ppel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2807-0348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jasmin","family":"Tr\u00f6stl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5735-9597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Amorim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0079-8713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Urs","family":"Baltensperger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3153-4630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joachim","family":"Curtius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3054-2364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neil M.","family":"Donahue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4968-6088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin W.","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2341-9069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jasper","family":"Kirkby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3464-7825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markku","family":"Kulmala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7551-9814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ottmar","family":"M\u00f6hler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1301-8010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harald","family":"Saathoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9560-8072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Schnaiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9144-7120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Tom\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Annele","family":"Virtanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Worsnop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Stratmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"3145","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adler,\u00a0G., Koop,\u00a0T., Haspel,\u00a0C., Taraniuk,\u00a0I., Moise,\u00a0T., Koren,\u00a0I., Heiblum,\u00a0R.\u00a0H., and Rudich,\u00a0Y.: Formation of highly porous aerosol particles by atmospheric freeze-drying in ice clouds, P. 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