{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T05:31:37Z","timestamp":1772256697790,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Copernicus GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,4]],"date-time":"2018-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1515024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["265148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["265148"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["200020_152907, 206021_144947 and 20FI20_159851"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200020_152907, 206021_144947 and 20FI20_159851"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Research Council of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1118615,135054, 133872, 251427, 139656, 139995, 137749, 141217, 141451, 299574"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1118615,135054, 133872, 251427, 139656, 139995, 137749, 141217, 141451, 299574"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CERN\/FP\/116387\/2010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CERN\/FP\/116387\/2010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Atmos. Chem. Phys."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract. It was recently shown by the CERN CLOUD experiment that biogenic highly\noxygenated molecules\u00a0(HOMs) form particles under atmospheric conditions in\nthe absence of sulfuric acid, where ions enhance the nucleation rate by 1\u20132 orders of magnitude. The biogenic HOMs were produced from ozonolysis of\n\u03b1-pinene at 5\u2009\u2218C. Here we extend this study to compare the\nmolecular composition of positive and negative HOM clusters measured with\natmospheric pressure interface time-of-flight mass spectrometers\u00a0(APi-TOFs),\nat three different temperatures (25, 5\u00a0and \u221225\u2009\u2218C). Most negative HOM clusters include a\nnitrate\u00a0(NO3-) ion, and the spectra are similar to those seen in the nighttime\nboreal forest. On the other hand, most positive HOM clusters include an\nammonium\u00a0(NH4+) ion, and the spectra are characterized by mass bands\nthat differ in their molecular weight by \u223c\u200920\u00a0C\u00a0atoms,\ncorresponding to HOM dimers. At lower temperatures the average oxygen to\ncarbon\u00a0(O\u2009:\u2009C) ratio of the HOM clusters decreases for both polarities,\nreflecting an overall reduction of HOM formation with decreasing temperature.\nThis indicates a decrease in the rate of autoxidation with temperature due to\na rather high activation energy as has previously been determined by quantum\nchemical calculations. Furthermore, at the lowest temperature\n(\u221225\u2009\u2218C),\nthe presence of C30\u00a0clusters shows that HOM monomers start to\ncontribute to the nucleation of positive clusters. These experimental\nfindings are supported by quantum chemical calculations of the binding\nenergies of representative neutral and charged clusters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-18-65-2018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,4]],"date-time":"2018-01-04T02:04:50Z","timestamp":1515031490000},"page":"65-79","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Influence of temperature on the molecular composition of ions  and charged clusters during pure biogenic nucleation"],"prefix":"10.5194","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7833-8771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Frege","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ismael K.","family":"Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0463-8098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matti P.","family":"Rissanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9944-3084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnaud P.","family":"Praplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Steiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9171-8127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Heinritzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2534-6898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauri","family":"Ahonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Amorim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0614-3649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne-Kathrin","family":"Bernhammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2996-3604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Bianchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Brilke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Breitenlechner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1105-9043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lubna","family":"Dada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8819-0264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Duplissy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6517-5341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Ehrhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2461-7238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imad","family":"El-Haddad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3141-9088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukas","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9675-3271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Garmash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Gonin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1062-2394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armin","family":"Hansel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1369-9143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher 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Chem.\nAcc., 120, 215\u2013241, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00214-007-0310-x, 2008.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00214-007-0310-x"}],"container-title":["Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/acp.copernicus.org\/articles\/18\/65\/2018\/acp-18-65-2018.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T15:43:46Z","timestamp":1738943026000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acp.copernicus.org\/articles\/18\/65\/2018\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,4]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-18-65-2018","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/acp-2017-426","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/acp-2017-426","asserted-by":"object"}],"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/acp-2017-426-RC1","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/acp-2017-426-AC1","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/acp-2017-426-RC2","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/acp-2017-426-AC2","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/acp-2017-426-RC1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/acp-2017-426-RC2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/acp-2017-426-AC1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/acp-2017-426-AC2","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1680-7324"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1680-7324","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,4]]}}}