{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T05:31:47Z","timestamp":1772256707775,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Copernicus GmbH","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,23]],"date-time":"2019-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Atmos. Chem. Phys."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract. We present the evaluation activity of the European\nAerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) for the quantitative assessment of\nthe Level 2 aerosol backscatter coefficient product derived by the\nCloud-Aerosol Transport System (CATS) aboard the International Space\nStation (ISS; Rodier et al., 2015). The study employs correlative CATS and EARLINET backscatter\nmeasurements within a 50\u2009km distance between the ground station and the ISS\noverpass and as close in time as possible, typically with the starting time or\nstopping time of the EARLINET performed measurement time window within 90\u2009min of the ISS overpass, for the period from February\u00a02015 to September\u00a02016. The results demonstrate the good agreement of the CATS Level 2 backscatter\ncoefficient and EARLINET. Three ISS overpasses close to the EARLINET\nstations of Leipzig, Germany; \u00c9vora, Portugal; and Dushanbe, Tajikistan, are\nanalyzed here to demonstrate the performance of the CATS lidar system under\ndifferent conditions. The results show that under cloud-free, relative\nhomogeneous aerosol conditions, CATS is in good agreement with EARLINET,\nindependent of daytime and nighttime conditions. CATS low negative biases are\nobserved, partially attributed to the deficiency of lidar systems to detect\ntenuous aerosol layers of backscatter signal below the minimum detection\nthresholds; these are biases which may lead to systematic deviations and slight\nunderestimations of the total aerosol optical depth (AOD) in climate\nstudies. In addition, CATS misclassification of aerosol layers as clouds,\nand vice versa, in cases of coexistent and\/or adjacent aerosol and cloud\nfeatures, occasionally leads to non-representative, unrealistic, and cloud-contaminated aerosol profiles. Regarding solar illumination conditions, low\nnegative biases in CATS backscatter coefficient profiles, of the order of\n6.1\u2009%, indicate the good nighttime performance of CATS. During daytime,\na reduced signal-to-noise ratio by solar background illumination prevents\nretrievals of weakly scattering atmospheric layers that would otherwise be\ndetectable during nighttime, leading to higher negative biases, of the order\nof 22.3\u2009%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-19-11743-2019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,23]],"date-time":"2019-09-23T01:07:41Z","timestamp":1569200861000},"page":"11743-11764","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["EARLINET evaluation of the CATS Level 2 aerosol backscatter coefficient product"],"prefix":"10.5194","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9547-3019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanouil","family":"Proestakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1544-7812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vassilis","family":"Amiridis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2631-6057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleni","family":"Marinou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0065-9791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Binietoglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5382-8440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert","family":"Ansmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3676-9121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulla","family":"Wandinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6657-4072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julian","family":"Hofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"John","family":"Yorks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Nowottnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Abduvosit","family":"Makhmudov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5189-9381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandros","family":"Papayannis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7058-3879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksander","family":"Pietruczuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9270-8361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Gialitaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8821-6348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnoud","family":"Apituley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Artur","family":"Szkop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Constantino","family":"Mu\u00f1oz Porcar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2334-4055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Bortoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3854-521X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Dionisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2785-0788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dietrich","family":"Althausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dimitra","family":"Mamali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1161-7746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitris","family":"Balis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Doina","family":"Nicolae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eleni","family":"Tetoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gian 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Rita","family":"Perrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2981-2232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8287-9693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Sicard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7702-0710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Papagiannopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7773-342X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Siomos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pasquale","family":"Burlizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Pauly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ronny","family":"Engelmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3468-6939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabur","family":"Abdullaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gelsomina","family":"Pappalardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"3145","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Althausen, 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