{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T02:01:50Z","timestamp":1776218510763,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Copernicus GmbH","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,3]],"date-time":"2020-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596412800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"H2020 European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Marie Sk\u0142odowska Curie ITN, 316662, CLOUD-TRAIN"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Marie Sk\u0142odowska Curie ITN, 316662, CLOUD-TRAIN"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"H2020 European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Marie Sk\u0142odowska Curie ITN, 764991, CLOUD-MOTION"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Marie Sk\u0142odowska Curie ITN, 764991, CLOUD-MOTION"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"H2020 European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MSCA-IF no. 656994 &quot;nano-CAVa&quot;"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MSCA-IF no. 656994 &quot;nano-CAVa&quot;"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"H2020 European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MC-COFUND grant no. 600377"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC-COFUND grant no. 600377"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011199","name":"FP7 Ideas: European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["692891, DAMOCLES"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["692891, DAMOCLES"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011199","name":"FP7 Ideas: European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["638703, COALA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["638703, COALA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011199","name":"FP7 Ideas: European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["616075, NANODYNAMITE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["616075, NANODYNAMITE"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011199","name":"FP7 Ideas: European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["335478, QAPPA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["335478, QAPPA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011199","name":"FP7 Ideas: European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["742206, ATM-GP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["742206, ATM-GP"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011199","name":"FP7 Ideas: European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["714621, GASPARCON"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["714621, GASPARCON"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Research Council of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["307331"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["307331"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Research Council of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["299574"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["299574"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Research Council of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["296628"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["296628"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Research Council of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["306853"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["306853"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Research Council of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["304013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["304013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Research Council of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["310682"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310682"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002428","name":"Austrian Science Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["J3951-N36"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J3951-N36"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002428","name":"Austrian Science Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P27295-N20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P27295-N20"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2011-5120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2011-5120"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002674","name":"Russian Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["08-02-91006-CERN"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["08-02-91006-CERN"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002674","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002674","name":"Russian Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12-02-91522-CERN"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12-02-91522-CERN"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002674","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AGS1136479"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGS1136479"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AGS1447056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGS1447056"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AGS1439551"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGS1439551"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CHE1012293"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CHE1012293"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AGS1649147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGS1649147"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AGS1602086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGS1602086"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AGS1801280"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGS1801280"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AGS1801329"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGS1801329"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AGS1801574"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGS1801574"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AGS1801897"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGS1801897"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000015","name":"U.S. Department of Energy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE-SC0014469"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-SC0014469"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NE\/K015966\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/K015966\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Atmos. Chem. Phys."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract. Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) contribute\nsubstantially to the formation and growth of atmospheric aerosol particles,\nwhich affect air quality, human health and Earth's climate. HOMs are formed\nby rapid, gas-phase autoxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such\nas \u03b1-pinene, the most abundant monoterpene in the atmosphere. Due to\ntheir abundance and low volatility, HOMs can play an important role in\nnew-particle formation (NPF) and the early growth of atmospheric aerosols,\neven without any further assistance of other low-volatility compounds such\nas sulfuric acid. Both the autoxidation reaction forming HOMs and their\nNPF rates are expected to be strongly dependent on\ntemperature. However, experimental data on both effects are limited.\nDedicated experiments were performed at the CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor\nDroplets) chamber at CERN to address this question. In this study, we show\nthat a decrease in temperature (from +25 to \u221250\u2009\u2218C) results in\na reduced HOM yield and reduced oxidation state of the products, whereas the\nNPF rates (J1.7\u2009nm) increase substantially.\nMeasurements with two different chemical ionization mass spectrometers\n(using nitrate and protonated water as reagent ion, respectively) provide\nthe molecular composition of the gaseous oxidation products, and a\ntwo-dimensional volatility basis set (2D\u00a0VBS) model provides their volatility\ndistribution. The HOM yield decreases with temperature from 6.2\u2009% at 25\u2009\u2218C to 0.7\u2009% at \u221250\u2009\u2218C. However, there is a strong\nreduction of the saturation vapor pressure of each oxidation state as the\ntemperature is reduced. Overall, the reduction in volatility with\ntemperature leads to an increase in the nucleation rates by up to 3\norders of magnitude at \u221250\u2009\u2218C compared with 25\u2009\u2218C. In\naddition, the enhancement of the nucleation rates by ions decreases with\ndecreasing temperature, since the neutral molecular clusters have increased\nstability against evaporation. The resulting data quantify how the interplay\nbetween the temperature-dependent oxidation pathways and the associated\nvapor pressures affect biogenic NPF at the molecular\nlevel. Our measurements, therefore, improve our understanding of pure\nbiogenic NPF for a wide range of tropospheric\ntemperatures and precursor concentrations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-20-9183-2020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,3]],"date-time":"2020-08-03T09:28:16Z","timestamp":1596446896000},"page":"9183-9207","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["Molecular understanding of new-particle formation from\n                    <i>\u03b1<\/i>\n                    -pinene between \u221250 and +25\u2009\u00b0C"],"prefix":"10.5194","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4900-7460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Simon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1105-9043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lubna","family":"Dada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9171-8127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Heinritzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2617-620X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wiebke","family":"Scholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1014-1360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominik","family":"Stolzenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3141-9088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukas","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3159-9434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea C.","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"K\u00fcrten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Birte","family":"R\u00f6rup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7416-306X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xu-Cheng","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4480-2107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rima","family":"Baalbaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4614-247X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Baccarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0014-3082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulus S.","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3700-5895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anton","family":"Bergen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2996-3604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Bianchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Br\u00e4kling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3133-249X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophia","family":"Brilke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Caudillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6963-5205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dexian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7548-5669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Biwu","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Danielle C.","family":"Draper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8819-0264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Duplissy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2461-7238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imad","family":"El-Haddad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8349-3714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henning","family":"Finkenzeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7833-8771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Frege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Loic","family":"Gonzalez-Carracedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1822-3224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamish","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Granzin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jani","family":"Hakala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Hofbauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1369-9143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher R.","family":"Hoyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8744-4880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changhyuk","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9432-2857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weimeng","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Houssni","family":"Lamkaddam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0051-8179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuan P.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1660-2706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrianne","family":"Lehtipalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3343-5425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Leiminger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Huajun","family":"Mai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hanna E.","family":"Manninen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1454-0908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillaume","family":"Marie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0417-4350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruby","family":"Marten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Mentler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1623-1933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ugo","family":"Molteni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3923-1589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonid","family":"Nichman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6048-0515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Ojdanic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Antti","family":"Onnela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Partoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1881-9044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tuukka","family":"Pet\u00e4j\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9172-4447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joschka","family":"Pfeifer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4302-0020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maxim","family":"Philippov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8970-3594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauriane L. J.","family":"Qu\u00e9l\u00e9ver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ananth","family":"Ranjithkumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0463-8098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matti P.","family":"Rissanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Schallhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5777-4897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siegfried","family":"Schobesberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Schuchmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jiali","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mikko","family":"Sipil\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3008-1414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerhard","family":"Steiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yuri","family":"Stozhkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1453-1067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Tauber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7924-5841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yee J.","family":"Tham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio R.","family":"Tom\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Vazquez-Pufleau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1293-6370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander L.","family":"Vogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5782-2513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7549-1578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongyu S.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2498-9143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yonghong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7408-9069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan K.","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yusheng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mao","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5735-9597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6954-4028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Penglin","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0867-665X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcel","family":"Zauner-Wieczorek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xueqin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0079-8713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Urs","family":"Baltensperger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0006-0009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josef","family":"Dommen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Richard C.","family":"Flagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1062-2394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armin","family":"Hansel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3464-7825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markku","family":"Kulmala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0899-1369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rainer","family":"Volkamer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paul M.","family":"Winkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Douglas R.","family":"Worsnop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3054-2364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neil M.","family":"Donahue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2341-9069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jasper","family":"Kirkby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3153-4630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joachim","family":"Curtius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"3145","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almeida, J., Schobesberger, S., K\u00fcrten, A., Ortega, I. K.,\nKupiainen-M\u00e4\u00e4tt\u00e4, O., Praplan, A. P., Adamov, A., Amorim, A.,\nBianchi, F., Breitenlechner, M., David, A., Dommen, J., Donahue, N. M.,\nDownard, A., Dunne, E., Duplissy, J., Ehrhart, S., Flagan, R. C., Franchin,\nA., Guida, R., Hakala, J., Hansel, A., Heinritzi, M., Henschel, H., Jokinen,\nT., Junninen, H., Kajos, M., Kangasluoma, J., Keskinen, H., Kupc, A.,\nKurt\u00e9n, T., Kvashin, A. N., Laaksonen, A., Lehtipalo, K., Leiminger, M.,\nLepp\u00e4, J., Loukonen, V., Makhmutov, V., Mathot, S., McGrath, M. J.,\nNieminen, T., Olenius, T., Onnela, A., Pet\u00e4j\u00e4, T., Riccobono, F.,\nRiipinen, I., Rissanen, M., Rondo, L., Ruuskanen, T., Santos, F. D.,\nSarnela, N., Schallhart, S., Schnitzhofer, R., Seinfeld, J. H., Simon, M.,\nSipil\u00e4, M., Stozhkov, Y., Stratmann, F., Tom\u00e9, A., Tr\u00f6stl, J.,\nTsagkogeorgas, G., Vaattovaara, P., Viisanen, Y., Virtanen, A., Vrtala, A.,\nWagner, P. E., Weingartner, E., Wex, H., Williamson, C., Wimmer, D., Ye, P.,\nYli-Juuti, T., Carslaw, K. S., Kulmala, M., Curtius, J., Baltensperger, U.,\nWorsnop, D. R., Vehkam\u00e4ki, H., and Kirkby, J.: Molecular understanding\nof sulphuric acid\u2013amine particle nucleation in the atmosphere, Nature, 502,\n359\u2013363, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature12663, 2013.","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12663"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ball, S. M., Hanson, D. R., Eisele, F. L., and McMurry, P. H.: Laboratory\nstudies of particle nucleation: Initial results for H2SO4, H2O, and NH3\nvapors, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 104, 23709\u201323718,\n1999.","DOI":"10.1029\/1999JD900411"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berndt, T., Richters, S., Kaethner, R., Voigtl\u00e4nder, J., Stratmann, F.,\nSipil\u00e4, M., Kulmala, M., and Herrmann, H.: Gas-Phase Ozonolysis of\nCycloalkenes: Formation of Highly Oxidized RO2 Radicals and Their Reactions\nwith NO, NO2, SO2, and Other RO2 Radicals, J. Phys. Chem. A, 119, 10336\u201310348, 2015.","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpca.5b07295"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berndt, T., Richters, S., Jokinen, T., Hyttinen, N., Kurt\u00e9n, T.,\nOtkj\u00e6r, R. V., Kjaergaard, H. G., Stratmann, F., Herrmann, H.,\nSipil\u00e4, M., Kulmala, M., and Ehn, M.: Hydroxyl radical-induced formation\nof highly oxidized organic compounds, Nat. Commun., 7, 13677, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms13677, 2016.","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13677"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berndt, T., Mentler, B., Scholz, W., Fischer, L., Herrmann, H., Kulmala, M.,\nand Hansel, A.: Accretion Product Formation from Ozonolysis and OH Radical\nReaction of \u03b1-Pinene: Mechanistic Insight and the Influence of\nIsoprene and Ethylene, Environ. Sci. Technol., 52, 11069\u201311077,\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.8b02210, 2018a.","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b02210"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berndt, T., Scholz, W., Mentler, B., Fischer, L., Herrmann, H., Kulmala, M.,\nand Hansel, A.: Accretion Product Formation from Self- and Cross-Reactions\nof RO2 Radicals in the Atmosphere, Angew. Chem. Int. Edit.,\n57, 3820\u20133824, 2018b.","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201710989"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bernhammer, A.-K., Breitenlechner, M., Keutsch, F. N., and Hansel, A.: Technical note: Conversion of isoprene hydroxy hydroperoxides (ISOPOOHs) on metal environmental simulation chamber walls, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 4053\u20134062, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-17-4053-2017, 2017.","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-17-4053-2017"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bianchi, F., Tr\u00f6stl, J., Junninen, H., Frege, C., Henne, S., Hoyle, C.\nR., Molteni, U., Herrmann, E., Adamov, A., and Bukowiecki, N.: New particle\nformation in the free troposphere: A question of chemistry and timing,\nScience, 352, 1109\u20131112, 2016.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad5456"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bianchi, F., Garmash, O., He, X., Yan, C., Iyer, S., Rosendahl, I., Xu, Z., Rissanen, M. P., Riva, M., Taipale, R., Sarnela, N., Pet\u00e4j\u00e4, T., Worsnop, D. R., Kulmala, M., Ehn, M., and Junninen, H.: The role of highly oxygenated molecules (HOMs) in determining the composition of ambient ions in the boreal forest, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 13819\u201313831, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-17-13819-2017, 2017","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-17-13819-2017"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bianchi, F., Kurt\u00e9n, T., Riva, M., Mohr, C., Rissanen, M. P., Roldin, P.,\nBerndt, T., Crounse, J. D., Wennberg, P. O., and Mentel, T. F.: Highly\noxygenated organic molecules (HOM) from gas-phase autoxidation involving\nperoxy radicals: A key contributor to atmospheric aerosol, Chem. Rev.,\n119, 3472\u20133509, 2019.","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.8b00395"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Breitenlechner, M., Fischer, L., Hainer, M., Heinritzi, M., Curtius, J., and\nHansel, A.: PTR3: An Instrument for Studying the Lifecycle of Reactive\nOrganic Carbon in the Atmosphere, Anal. Chem., 89, 5824\u20135831, 2017.","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6b05110"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chew, A. A. and Atkinson, R.: OH radical formation yields from the gas-phase\nreactions of O3 with alkenes and monoterpenes, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 101, 28649\u201328653, 1996.","DOI":"10.1029\/96JD02722"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crounse, J. D., Nielsen, L. B., J\u00f8rgensen, S., Kjaergaard, H. G., and\nWennberg, P. O.: Autoxidation of Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere,\nJ. Phys. Chem. Lett., 4, 3513\u20133520, 2013.","DOI":"10.1021\/jz4019207"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dada, L., Lehtipalo, K., Kontkanen, J., Nieminen, T., Baalbaki, R., Ahonen,\nL., Duplissy, J., Yan, C., Chu, B., Pet\u00e4j\u00e4, T., Lehtinen, K.,\nKerminen, V.-M., Kulmala, M., and Kangasluoma, J.: Formation and growth of\nsub-3-nm aerosol particles in experimental chambers, Nat. Protoc., 15,\n1013\u20131040, 2020.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-019-0274-z"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dias, A., Ehrhart, S., Vogel, A., Williamson, C., Almeida, J., Kirkby, J., Mathot, S., Mumford, S., and Onnela, A.: Temperature uniformity in the CERN CLOUD chamber, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 5075\u20135088, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/amt-10-5075-2017, 2017.","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-10-5075-2017"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Donahue, N. M., Epstein, S. A., Pandis, S. N., and Robinson, A. L.: A two-dimensional volatility basis set: 1. organic-aerosol mixing thermodynamics, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 3303\u20133318, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-11-3303-2011, 2011.","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-11-3303-2011"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Donahue, N. M., Kroll, J. H., Pandis, S. N., and Robinson, A. L.: A two-dimensional volatility basis set \u2013 Part 2: Diagnostics of organic-aerosol evolution, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 615\u2013634, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-12-615-2012, 2012.","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-12-615-2012"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Donahue, N. M., Ortega, I. K., Chuang, W., Riipinen, I., Riccobono, F.,\nSchobesberger, S., Dommen, J., Baltensperger, U., Kulmala, M., and Worsnop,\nD. R.: How do organic vapors contribute to new-particle formation?, Faraday\nDiscuss., 165, 91\u2013104, 2013.","DOI":"10.1039\/c3fd00046j"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duplissy, J., Merikanto, J., Franchin, A., Tsagkogeorgas, G., Kangasluoma,\nJ., Wimmer, D., Vuollekoski, H., Schobesberger, S., Lehtipalo, K., Flagan,\nR. C., Brus, D., Donahue, N. M., Vehkam\u00e4ki, H., Almeida, J., Amorim, A.,\nBarmet, P., Bianchi, F., Breitenlechner, M., Dunne, E. M., Guida, R.,\nHenschel, H., Junninen, H., Kirkby, J., K\u00fcrten, A., Kupc, A.,\nM\u00e4\u00e4tt\u00e4nen, A., Makhmutov, V., Mathot, S., Nieminen, T., Onnela,\nA., Praplan, A. P., Riccobono, F., Rondo, L., Steiner, G., Tome, A.,\nWalther, H., Baltensperger, U., Carslaw, K. S., Dommen, J., Hansel, A.,\nPet\u00e4j\u00e4, T., Sipil\u00e4, M., Stratmann, F., Vrtala, A., Wagner, P.\nE., Worsnop, D. R., Curtius, J., and Kulmala, M.: Effect of ions on sulfuric\nacid-water binary particle formation: 2. Experimental data and comparison\nwith QC-normalized classical nucleation theory, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 121, 1752\u20131775, 2016.","DOI":"10.1002\/2015JD023539"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dusek, U., Frank, G., Hildebrandt, L., Curtius, J., Schneider, J., Walter,\nS., Chand, D., Drewnick, F., Hings, S., and Jung, D.: Size matters more than\nchemistry for cloud-nucleating ability of aerosol particles, Science, 312,\n1375\u20131378, 2006.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1125261"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ehn, M., Thornton, J. A., Kleist, E., Sipila, M., Junninen, H., Pullinen,\nI., Springer, M., Rubach, F., Tillmann, R., Lee, B., Lopez-Hilfiker, F.,\nAndres, S., Acir, I.-H., Rissanen, M., Jokinen, T., Schobesberger, S.,\nKangasluoma, J., Kontkanen, J., Nieminen, T., Kurten, T., Nielsen, L. B.,\nJorgensen, S., Kjaergaard, H. G., Canagaratna, M., Maso, M. D., Berndt, T.,\nPetaja, T., Wahner, A., Kerminen, V.-M., Kulmala, M., Worsnop, D. R., Wildt,\nJ., and Mentel, T. F.: A large source of low-volatility secondary organic\naerosol, Nature, 506, 476\u2013479, 2014.","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13032"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ehn, M., Berndt, T., Wildt, J., and Mentel, T.: Highly Oxygenated Molecules\nfrom Atmospheric Autoxidation of Hydrocarbons: A Prominent Challenge for\nChemical Kinetics Studies, Int. J. Chem. Kinet., 49,\n821\u2013831, 2017.","DOI":"10.1002\/kin.21130"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ehrhart, S. and Curtius, J.: Influence of aerosol lifetime on the interpretation of nucleation experiments with respect to the first nucleation theorem, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 11465\u201311471, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-13-11465-2013, 2013.","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-13-11465-2013"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eisele, F. and Tanner, D.: Measurement of the gas phase concentration of\nH2SO4 and methane sulfonic acid and estimates of H2SO4 production and loss\nin the atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 98,\n9001\u20139010, 1993.","DOI":"10.1029\/93JD00031"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Epstein, S. A., Riipinen, I., and Donahue, N. M.: A semiempirical\ncorrelation between enthalpy of vaporization and saturation concentration\nfor organic aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 743\u2013748,\n2009.","DOI":"10.1021\/es902497z"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frege, C., Ortega, I. K., Rissanen, M. P., Praplan, A. P., Steiner, G., Heinritzi, M., Ahonen, L., Amorim, A., Bernhammer, A.-K., Bianchi, F., Brilke, S., Breitenlechner, M., Dada, L., Dias, A., Duplissy, J., Ehrhart, S., El-Haddad, I., Fischer, L., Fuchs, C., Garmash, O., Gonin, M., Hansel, A., Hoyle, C. R., Jokinen, T., Junninen, H., Kirkby, J., K\u00fcrten, A., Lehtipalo, K., Leiminger, M., Mauldin, R. L., Molteni, U., Nichman, L., Pet\u00e4j\u00e4, T., Sarnela, N., Schobesberger, S., Simon, M., Sipil\u00e4, M., Stolzenburg, D., Tom\u00e9, A., Vogel, A. L., Wagner, A. C., Wagner, R., Xiao, M., Yan, C., Ye, P., Curtius, J., Donahue, N. M., Flagan, R. C., Kulmala, M., Worsnop, D. R., Winkler, P. M., Dommen, J., and Baltensperger, U.: Influence of temperature on the molecular composition of ions and charged clusters during pure biogenic nucleation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 65\u201379, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-18-65-2018, 2018.","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-18-65-2018"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fu, Y., Xue, M., Cai, R., Kangasluoma, J., and Jiang, J.: Theoretical and\nexperimental analysis of the core sampling method: Reducing diffusional\nlosses in aerosol sampling line, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 53, 793\u2013801,\n2019.","DOI":"10.1080\/02786826.2019.1608354"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gordon, H., Kirkby, J., Baltensperger, U., Bianchi, F., Breitenlechner, M.,\nCurtius, J., Dias, A., Dommen, J., Donahue, N. M., and Dunne, E. M.: Causes\nand importance of new particle formation in the present-day and\npre-industrial atmospheres, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 122, 8739\u20138760, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/2017JD026844,\n2017.","DOI":"10.1002\/2017JD026844"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hallquist, M., Wenger, J. C., Baltensperger, U., Rudich, Y., Simpson, D., Claeys, M., Dommen, J., Donahue, N. M., George, C., Goldstein, A. H., Hamilton, J. F., Herrmann, H., Hoffmann, T., Iinuma, Y., Jang, M., Jenkin, M. E., Jimenez, J. L., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Maenhaut, W., McFiggans, G., Mentel, Th. F., Monod, A., Pr\u00e9v\u00f4t, A. S. H., Seinfeld, J. H., Surratt, J. D., Szmigielski, R., and Wildt, J.: The formation, properties and impact of secondary organic aerosol: current and emerging issues, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5155\u20135236, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-9-5155-2009, 2009.","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-9-5155-2009"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hanson, D. and Eisele, F.: Diffusion of H2SO4 in humidified nitrogen:\nHydrated H2SO4, J. Phys. Chem. A, 104, 1715\u20131719, 2000.","DOI":"10.1021\/jp993622j"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heinritzi, M., Simon, M., Steiner, G., Wagner, A. C., K\u00fcrten, A., Hansel, A., and Curtius, J.: Characterization of the mass-dependent transmission efficiency of a CIMS, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 1449\u20131460, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/amt-9-1449-2016, 2016.","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-9-1449-2016"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hyttinen, N., Kupiainen-M\u00e4\u00e4tt\u00e4, O., Rissanen, M. P., Muuronen, M., Ehn,\nM., and Kurt\u00e9n, T.: Modeling the charging of highly oxidized cyclohexene\nozonolysis products using nitrate-based chemical ionization, J. Phys. Chem. A, 119, 6339\u20136345, 2015.","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpca.5b01818"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hyttinen, N., Rissanen, M. P., and Kurt\u00e9n, T.: Computational Comparison\nof Acetate and Nitrate Chemical Ionization of Highly Oxidized Cyclohexene\nOzonolysis Intermediates and Products, J. Phys. Chem. A,\n121, 2172\u20132179, 2017.","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpca.6b12654"},{"key":"ref34","unstructured":"Jimenez, J. L., Canagaratna, M., Donahue, N., Prevot, A., Zhang, Q., Kroll,\nJ. H., DeCarlo, P. F., Allan, J. D., Coe, H., and Ng, N.: Evolution of\norganic aerosols in the atmosphere, Science, 326, 1525\u20131529, 2009."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jokinen, T., Berndt, T., Makkonen, R., Kerminen, V.-M., Junninen, H.,\nPaasonen, P., Stratmann, F., Herrmann, H., Guenther, A. B., and Worsnop, D.\nR.: Production of extremely low volatile organic compounds from biogenic\nemissions: Measured yields and atmospheric implications, P.\nNatl. Acad. Sci. USA, 112, 7123\u20137128, 2015.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1423977112"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jokinen, T., Sipil\u00e4, M., Junninen, H., Ehn, M., L\u00f6nn, G., Hakala, J., Pet\u00e4j\u00e4, T., Mauldin III, R. L., Kulmala, M., and Worsnop, D. R.: Atmospheric sulphuric acid and neutral cluster measurements using CI-APi-TOF, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 4117\u20134125, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-12-4117-2012, 2012.","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-12-4117-2012"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kerminen, V.-M., Chen, X., Vakkari, V., Pet\u00e4j\u00e4, T., Kulmala, M., and\nBianchi, F.: Atmospheric new particle formation and growth: review of field\nobservations, Environ. Res. Lett., 13, 103003, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/aadf3c, 2018.","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/aadf3c"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kirkby, J., Curtius, J., Almeida, J., Dunne, E., Duplissy, J., Ehrhart, S.,\nFranchin, A., Gagn\u00e9, S., Ickes, L., K\u00fcrten, A., Kupc, A., Metzger,\nA., Riccobono, F., Rondo, L., Schobesberger, S., Tsagkogeorgas, G., Wimmer,\nD., Amorim, A., Bianchi, F., Breitenlechner, M., David, A., Dommen, J.,\nDownard, A., Ehn, M., Flagan, R. C., Haider, S., Hansel, A., Hauser, D.,\nJud, W., Junninen, H., Kreissl, F., Kvashin, A., Laaksonen, A., Lehtipalo,\nK., Lima, J., Lovejoy, E. R., Makhmutov, V., Mathot, S., Mikkil\u00e4, J.,\nMinginette, P., Mogo, S., Nieminen, T., Onnela, A., Pereira, P.,\nPet\u00e4j\u00e4, T., Schnitzhofer, R., Seinfeld, J. H., Sipil\u00e4, M.,\nStozhkov, Y., Stratmann, F., Tom\u00e9, A., Vanhanen, J., Viisanen, Y.,\nVrtala, A., Wagner, P. E., Walther, H., Weingartner, E., Wex, H., Winkler,\nP. M., Carslaw, K. S., Worsnop, D. R., Baltensperger, U., and Kulmala, M.:\nRole of sulphuric acid, ammonia and galactic cosmic rays in atmospheric\naerosol nucleation, Nature, 476, 429, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature10343, 2011.","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10343"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kirkby, J., Duplissy, J., Sengupta, K., Frege, C., Gordon, H., Williamson,\nC., Heinritzi, M., Simon, M., Yan, C., Almeida, J., Tr\u00f6stl, J.,\nNieminen, T., Ortega, I. K., Wagner, R., Adamov, A., Amorim, A., Bernhammer,\nA.-K., Bianchi, F., Breitenlechner, M., Brilke, S., Chen, X., Craven, J.,\nDias, A., Ehrhart, S., Flagan, R. C., Franchin, A., Fuchs, C., Guida, R.,\nHakala, J., Hoyle, C. R., Jokinen, T., Junninen, H., Kangasluoma, J., Kim,\nJ., Krapf, M., K\u00fcrten, A., Laaksonen, A., Lehtipalo, K., Makhmutov, V.,\nMathot, S., Molteni, U., Onnela, A., Per\u00e4kyl\u00e4, O., Piel, F.,\nPet\u00e4j\u00e4, T., Praplan, A. P., Pringle, K., Rap, A., Richards, N. A.\nD., Riipinen, I., Rissanen, M. P., Rondo, L., Sarnela, N., Schobesberger,\nS., Scott, C. E., Seinfeld, J. H., Sipil\u00e4, M., Steiner, G., Stozhkov,\nY., Stratmann, F., Tom\u00e9, A., Virtanen, A., Vogel, A. L., Wagner, A. C.,\nWagner, P. E., Weingartner, E., Wimmer, D., Winkler, P. M., Ye, P., Zhang,\nX., Hansel, A., Dommen, J., Donahue, N. M., Worsnop, D. R., Baltensperger,\nU., Kulmala, M., Carslaw, K. S., and Curtius, J.: Ion-induced nucleation of\npure biogenic particles, Nature, 533, 521\u2013526, 2016.","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17953"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Knopf, D. A., P\u00f6schl, U., and Shiraiwa, M.: Radial\ndiffusion and penetration of gas molecules and aerosol particles through\nlaminar flow reactors, denuders, and sampling tubes, Anal. Chem.,\n87, 3746\u20133754, 2015.","DOI":"10.1021\/ac5042395"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kristensen, K., Jensen, L., Glasius, M., and Bilde, M.: The effect of\nsub-zero temperature on the formation and composition of secondary organic\naerosol from ozonolysis of alpha-pinene, Environ. Sci.-Proc.\nImp., 19, 1220\u20131234, 2017.","DOI":"10.1039\/C7EM00231A"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuang, C., McMurry, P. H., McCormick, A. V., and Eisele, F. L.: Dependence\nof nucleation rates on sulfuric acid vapor concentration in diverse\natmospheric locations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D10209, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2007JD009253,\n2008.","DOI":"10.1029\/2007JD009253"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kulmala, M., Vehkam\u00e4ki, H., Pet\u00e4j\u00e4, T., Dal Maso, M., Lauri, A.,\nKerminen, V. M., Birmili, W., and McMurry, P. H.: Formation and growth rates\nof ultrafine atmospheric particles: a review of observations, J. Aerosol Sci., 35, 143\u2013176, 2004.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2003.10.003"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kulmala, M., Kontkanen, J., Junninen, H., Lehtipalo, K., Manninen, H. E.,\nNieminen, T., Petaja, T., Sipila, M., Schobesberger, S., Rantala, P.,\nFranchin, A., Jokinen, T., Jarvinen, E., Aijala, M., Kangasluoma, J.,\nHakala, J., Aalto, P. P., Paasonen, P., Mikkila, J., Vanhanen, J., Aalto,\nJ., Hakola, H., Makkonen, U., Ruuskanen, T., Mauldin, R. L., Duplissy, J.,\nVehkamaki, H., Back, J., Kortelainen, A., Riipinen, I., Kurten, T.,\nJohnston, M. V., Smith, J. N., Ehn, M., Mentel, T. F., Lehtinen, K. E. J.,\nLaaksonen, A., Kerminen, V. M., and Worsnop, D. R.: Direct Observations of\nAtmospheric Aerosol Nucleation, Science, 339, 943\u2013946, 2013.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1227385"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kupc, A., Amorim, A., Curtius, J., Danielczok, A., Duplissy, J., Ehrhart,\nS., Walther, H., Ickes, L., Kirkby, J., and K\u00fcrten, A.: A fibre-optic UV\nsystem for H2SO4 production in aerosol chambers causing minimal thermal\neffects, J. Aerosol Sci., 42, 532\u2013543, 2011.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2011.05.001"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K\u00fcrten, A., Rondo, L., Ehrhart, S., and Curtius, J.: Performance of a corona ion source for measurement of sulfuric acid by chemical ionization mass spectrometry, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 4, 437\u2013443, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/amt-4-437-2011, 2011.","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-4-437-2011"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K\u00fcrten, A., Rondo, L., Ehrhart, S., and Curtius, J.: Calibration of a\nChemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer for the Measurement of Gaseous\nSulfuric Acid, J. Phys. Chem. A, 116, 6375\u20136386, 2012.","DOI":"10.1021\/jp212123n"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K\u00fcrten, A., Jokinen, T., Simon, M., Sipil\u00e4, M., Sarnela, N.,\nJunninen, H., Adamov, A., Almeida, J., Amorim, A., Bianchi, F.,\nBreitenlechner, M., Dommen, J., Donahue, N. M., Duplissy, J., Ehrhart, S.,\nFlagan, R. C., Franchin, A., Hakala, J., Hansel, A., Heinritzi, M.,\nHutterli, M., Kangasluoma, J., Kirkby, J., Laaksonen, A., Lehtipalo, K.,\nLeiminger, M., Makhmutov, V., Mathot, S., Onnela, A., Pet\u00e4j\u00e4, T.,\nPraplan, A. P., Riccobono, F., Rissanen, M. P., Rondo, L., Schobesberger,\nS., Seinfeld, J. H., Steiner, G., Tom\u00e9, A., Tr\u00f6stl, J., Winkler, P.\nM., Williamson, C., Wimmer, D., Ye, P., Baltensperger, U., Carslaw, K. S.,\nKulmala, M., Worsnop, D. R., and Curtius, J.: Neutral molecular cluster\nformation of sulfuric acid\u2013dimethylamine observed in real time under\natmospheric conditions, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,\n111, 15019\u201315024, 2014.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1404853111"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K\u00fcrten, A., Williamson, C., Almeida, J., Kirkby, J., and Curtius, J.: On the derivation of particle nucleation rates from experimental formation rates, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 4063\u20134075, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-15-4063-2015, 2015.","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-15-4063-2015"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K\u00fcrten, A., Bianchi, F., Almeida, J., Kupiainen-M\u00e4\u00e4tt\u00e4, O.,\nDunne, E. M., Duplissy, J., Williamson, C., Barmet, P., Breitenlechner&lt;span id=&quot;page9205&quot;\/&gt;, M.,\nand Dommen, J.: Experimental particle formation rates spanning tropospheric\nsulfuric acid and ammonia abundances, ion production rates, and\ntemperatures, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 121,\n12377\u201312400, 2016.","DOI":"10.1002\/2015JD023908"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kurt\u00e9n, T., Loukonen, V., Vehkam\u00e4ki, H., and Kulmala, M.: Amines are likely to enhance neutral and ion-induced sulfuric acid-water nucleation in the atmosphere more effectively than ammonia, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 4095\u20134103, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-8-4095-2008, 2008.","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-8-4095-2008"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kurt\u00e9n, T., Rissanen, M. P., Mackeprang, K., Thornton, J. A., Hyttinen,\nN., J\u00f8rgensen, S., Ehn, M., and Kjaergaard, H. G.: Computational study of\nhydrogen shifts and ring-opening mechanisms in \u03b1-pinene ozonolysis\nproducts, J. Phys. Chem. A, 119, 11366\u201311375, 2015.","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpca.5b08948"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kurt\u00e9n, T., Tiusanen, K., Roldin, P., Rissanen, M., Luy, J.-N., Boy, M.,\nEhn, M., and Donahue, N.: \u03b1-Pinene Autoxidation Products May Not\nHave Extremely Low Saturation Vapor Pressures Despite High O&amp;thinsp;:&amp;thinsp;C Ratios,\nJ. Phys. Chem. A, 120, 2569\u20132582, 2016.","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpca.6b02196"},{"key":"ref54","unstructured":"Lehtipalo, K., Lepp\u00e4, J., Kontkanen, J., Kangasluoma, J., Franchin, A.,\nWimmer, D., Schobesberger, S., Junninen, H., Pet\u00e4j\u00e4, T., Sipil\u00e4,\nM., Mikkil\u00e4, J., Vanhanen, J., Worsnop, D. R., and Kulmala, M.: Methods\nfor determining particle size distribution and growth rates between 1 and 3\nnm using the Particle Size Magnifier, Boreal Environ. Res., 19,\n215\u2013236, 2014."},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lehtipalo, K., Yan, C., Dada, L., Bianchi, F., Xiao, M., Wagner, R.,\nStolzenburg, D., Ahonen, L. R., Amorim, A., and Baccarini, A.:\nMulticomponent new particle formation from sulfuric acid, ammonia, and\nbiogenic vapors, Sci. Adv., 4, eaau5363, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.aau5363, 2018.","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aau5363"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lopez-Hilfiker, F. D., Mohr, C., Ehn, M., Rubach, F., Kleist, E., Wildt, J., Mentel, Th. F., Lutz, A., Hallquist, M., Worsnop, D., and Thornton, J. A.: A novel method for online analysis of gas and particle composition: description and evaluation of a Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsols (FIGAERO), Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 983\u20131001, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/amt-7-983-2014, 2014.","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-7-983-2014"},{"key":"ref57","unstructured":"Manninen, H. E., Pet\u00e4j\u00e4, T., Asmi, E., Riipinen, I., Nieminen, T.,\nMikkil\u00e4, J., H\u00f5rrak, U., Mirme, A., Mirme, S., and Laakso, L.:\nLong-term field measurements of charged and neutral clusters using Neutral\ncluster and Air Ion Spectrometer (NAIS), Boreal Environ. Res., 14, 591\u2013605, 2009."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Merikanto, J., Spracklen, D. V., Mann, G. W., Pickering, S. J., and Carslaw, K. S.: Impact of nucleation on global CCN, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 8601\u20138616, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-9-8601-2009, 2009.","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-9-8601-2009"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohr, C., Lopez-Hilfiker, F. D., Yli-Juuti, T., Heitto, A., Lutz, A.,\nHallquist, M., D'Ambro, E. L., Rissanen, M. P., Hao, L., and Schobesberger,\nS.: Ambient observations of dimers from terpene oxidation in the gas phase:\nImplications for new particle formation and growth, Geophys. Res.\nLett., 44, 2958\u20132966, 2017.","DOI":"10.1002\/2017GL072718"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Molteni, U., Simon, M., Heinritzi, M., Hoyle, C. R., Bernhammer, A.-K.,\nBianchi, F., Breitenlechner, M., Brilke, S., Dias, A., and Duplissy, J.:\nFormation of Highly Oxygenated Organic Molecules from alpha-Pinene\nOzonolysis, ACS Earth Space Chem., 3, 873\u2013883\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsearthspacechem.9b00035, 2019.","DOI":"10.1021\/acsearthspacechem.9b00035"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ng, N. L., Chhabra, P. S., Chan, A. W. H., Surratt, J. D., Kroll, J. H., Kwan, A. J., McCabe, D. C., Wennberg, P. O., Sorooshian, A., Murphy, S. M., Dalleska, N. F., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Effect of NOx level on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from the photooxidation of terpenes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5159\u20135174, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-7-5159-2007, 2007.","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-7-5159-2007"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O'Dowd, C. D., Jimenez, J. L., Bahreini, R., Flagan, R. C., Seinfeld, J. H.,\nH\u00e4meri, K., Pirjola, L., Kulmala, M., Jennings, S. G., and Hoffmann, T.:\nMarine aerosol formation from biogenic iodine emissions, Nature, 417, 632\u2013636, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature00775,\n2002.","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00775"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pankow, J. F. and Asher, W. E.: SIMPOL.1: a simple group contribution method for predicting vapor pressures and enthalpies of vaporization of multifunctional organic compounds, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 2773\u20132796, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-8-2773-2008, 2008.","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-8-2773-2008"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Passananti, M., Zapadinsky, E., Zanca, T., Kangasluoma, J., Myllys, N.,\nRissanen, M. P., Kurt\u00e9n, T., Ehn, M., Attoui, M., and Vehkam\u00e4ki, H.:\nHow well can we predict cluster fragmentation inside a mass spectrometer?,\nChem. Commun., 55, 5946\u20135949, 2019.","DOI":"10.1039\/C9CC02896J"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Praske, E., Otkj\u00e6r, R. V., Crounse, J. D., Hethcox, J. C., Stoltz, B.\nM., Kjaergaard, H. G., and Wennberg, P. O.: Atmospheric autoxidation is\nincreasingly important in urban and suburban North America, P.\nNatl. Acad. Sci. USA, 115, 64\u201369, 2018.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1715540115"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Presto, A. A., Huff Hartz, K. E., and Donahue, N. M.: Secondary organic\naerosol production from terpene ozonolysis. 2. Effect of NOx concentration,\nEnviron. Sci. Technol., 39, 7046\u20137054, 2005.","DOI":"10.1021\/es050400s"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qu\u00e9l\u00e9ver, L. L. J., Kristensen, K., Normann Jensen, L., Rosati, B., Teiwes, R., Daellenbach, K. R., Per\u00e4kyl\u00e4, O., Roldin, P., Bossi, R., Pedersen, H. B., Glasius, M., Bilde, M., and Ehn, M.: Effect of temperature on the formation of highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) from alpha-pinene ozonolysis, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 7609\u20137625, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-19-7609-2019, 2019.","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-19-7609-2019"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Riccobono, F., Schobesberger, S., Scott, C. E., Dommen, J., Ortega, I. K.,\nRondo, L., Almeida, J., Amorim, A., Bianchi, F., Breitenlechner, M., David,\nA., Downard, A., Dunne, E. M., Duplissy, J., Ehrhart, S., Flagan, R. C.,\nFranchin, A., Hansel, A., Junninen, H., Kajos, M., Keskinen, H., Kupc, A.,\nK\u00fcrten, A., Kvashin, A. N., Laaksonen, A., Lehtipalo, K., Makhmutov, V.,\nMathot, S., Nieminen, T., Onnela, A., Pet\u00e4j\u00e4, T., Praplan, A. P.,\nSantos, F. D., Schallhart, S., Seinfeld, J. H., Sipil\u00e4, M., Spracklen,\nD. V., Stozhkov, Y., Stratmann, F., Tom\u00e9, A., Tsagkogeorgas, G.,\nVaattovaara, P., Viisanen, Y., Vrtala, A., Wagner, P. E., Weingartner, E.,\nWex, H., Wimmer, D., Carslaw, K. S., Curtius, J., Donahue, N. M., Kirkby,\nJ., Kulmala, M., Worsnop, D. R., and Baltensperger, U.: Oxidation Products\nof Biogenic Emissions Contribute to Nucleation of Atmospheric Particles,\nScience, 344, 717\u2013721, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1243527, 2014.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1243527"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Riipinen, I., Yli-Juuti, T., Pierce, J. R., Pet\u00e4j\u00e4, T., Worsnop, D.\nR., Kulmala, M., and Donahue, N. M.: The contribution of organics to\natmospheric nanoparticle growth, Nat. Geosci., 5, 453\u2013458, 2012.","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo1499"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rissanen, M. P.: NO2 Suppression of Autoxidation\u2013Inhibition of Gas-Phase\nHighly Oxidized Dimer Product Formation, ACS Earth Space Chem., 2,\n1211\u20131219, 2018.","DOI":"10.1021\/acsearthspacechem.8b00123"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rissanen, M. P., Kurt\u00e9n, T., Sipil\u00e4, M., Thornton, J. A., Kangasluoma, J.,\nSarnela, N., Junninen, H., J\u00f8rgensen, S., Schallhart, S., and Kajos, M.\nK.: The formation of highly oxidized multifunctional products in the\nozonolysis of cyclohexene, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 136,\n15596\u201315606, 2014.","DOI":"10.1021\/ja507146s"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rissanen, M. P., Kurt\u00e9n, T., Sipil\u00e4, M., Thornton, J. A., Kausiala,\nO., Garmash, O., Kjaergaard, H. G., Pet\u00e4j\u00e4, T., Worsnop, D. R., Ehn,\nM., and Kulmala, M.: Effects of Chemical Complexity on the Autoxidation\nMechanisms of Endocyclic Alkene Ozonolysis Products: From Methylcyclohexenes\ntoward Understanding \u03b1-Pinene, J. Phys. Chem. A,\n119, 4633\u20134650, 2015.","DOI":"10.1021\/jp510966g"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saathoff, H., Naumann, K.-H., M\u00f6hler, O., Jonsson, \u00c5. M., Hallquist, M., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Mentel, Th. F., Tillmann, R., and Schurath, U.: Temperature dependence of yields of secondary organic aerosols from the ozonolysis of \u03b1-pinene and limonene, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 1551\u20131577, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-9-1551-2009, 2009.","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-9-1551-2009"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schervish, M. and Donahue, N. M.: Peroxy radical chemistry and the volatility basis set, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 1183\u20131199, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-20-1183-2020, 2020.","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-20-1183-2020"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schnitzhofer, R., Metzger, A., Breitenlechner, M., Jud, W., Heinritzi, M., De Menezes, L.-P., Duplissy, J., Guida, R., Haider, S., Kirkby, J., Mathot, S., Minginette, P., Onnela, A., Walther, H., Wasem, A., Hansel, A., and the CLOUD Team: Characterisation of organic contaminants in the CLOUD chamber at CERN, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 2159\u20132168, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/amt-7-2159-2014, 2014.","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-7-2159-2014"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schobesberger, S., D'Ambro, E. L., Lopez-Hilfiker, F. D., Mohr, C., and Thornton, J. A.: A model framework to retrieve thermodynamic and kinetic properties of organic aerosol from composition-resolved thermal desorption measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 14757\u201314785, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-18-14757-2018, 2018.","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-18-14757-2018"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schobesberger, S., Junninen, H., Bianchi, F., L\u00f6nn, G., Ehn, M.,\nLehtipalo, K., Dommen, J., Ehrhart, S., Ortega, I. K., Franchin, A.,\nNieminen, T., Riccobono, F., Hutterli, M., Duplissy, J., Almeida, J.,\nAmorim, A., Breitenlechner, M., Downard, A. J., Dunne, E. M., Flagan, R. C.,\nKajos, M., Keskinen, H., Kirkby, J., Kupc, A., K\u00fcrten, A., Kurt\u00e9n,\nT., Laaksonen, A., Mathot, S., Onnela, A., Praplan, A. P., Rondo, L.,\nSantos, F. D., Schallhart, S., Schnitzhofer, R., Sipil\u00e4, M., Tom\u00e9,\nA., Tsagkogeorgas, G., Vehkam\u00e4ki, H., Wimmer, D., Baltensperger, U.,\nCarslaw, K. S., Curtius, J., Hansel, A., Pet\u00e4j\u00e4, T., Kulmala, M.,\nDonahue, N. M., and Worsnop, D. R.: Molecular understanding of atmospheric\nparticle formation from sulfuric acid and large oxidized organic molecules,\nP. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 110, 17223\u201317228, 2013.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1306973110"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simon, M., Heinritzi, M., Herzog, S., Leiminger, M., Bianchi, F., Praplan, A., Dommen, J., Curtius, J., and K\u00fcrten, A.: Detection of dimethylamine in the low pptv range using nitrate chemical ionization atmospheric pressure interface time-of-flight (CI-APi-TOF) mass spectrometry, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 2135\u20132145, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/amt-9-2135-2016, 2016.","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-9-2135-2016"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sindelarova, K., Granier, C., Bouarar, I., Guenther, A., Tilmes, S., Stavrakou, T., M\u00fcller, J.-F., Kuhn, U., Stefani, P., and Knorr, W.: Global data set of biogenic VOC emissions calculated by the MEGAN model over the last 30 years, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 9317\u20139341, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-14-9317-2014, 2014.","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-14-9317-2014"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sipil\u00e4, M., Sarnela, N., Jokinen, T., Henschel, H., Junninen, H.,\nKontkanen, J., Richters, S., Kangasluoma, J., Franchin, A.,\nPer\u00e4kyl\u00e4, O., Rissanen, M. P., Ehn, M., Vehkam\u00e4ki, H., Kurten,\nT., Berndt, T., Pet\u00e4j\u00e4, T., Worsnop, D., Ceburnis, D., Kerminen,\nV.-M., Kulmala, M., and O'Dowd, C.: Molecular-scale evidence of aerosol\nparticle formation via sequential addition of HIO3, Nature, 537, 532\u2013534, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature19314, 2016.","DOI":"10.1038\/nature19314"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spracklen, D. V., Carslaw, K. S., Kulmala, M., Kerminen, V. M., Sihto, S.\nL., Riipinen, I., Merikanto, J., Mann, G. W., Chipperfield, M. P., and\nWiedensohler, A.: Contribution of particle formation to global cloud\ncondensation nuclei concentrations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L06808, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2007GL033038, 2008.","DOI":"10.1029\/2007GL033038"},{"key":"ref82","unstructured":"IPCC: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Stocker, T. F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.-K., Tignor, M., Allen, S. K., Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V., and Midgley, P. M., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 1535 pp., 2013."},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stolzenburg, D., Steiner, G., and Winkler, P. M.: A DMA-train for precision measurement of sub-10&amp;thinsp;nm aerosol dynamics, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 1639\u20131651, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/amt-10-1639-2017, 2017.","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-10-1639-2017"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stolzenburg, D., Fischer, L., Vogel, A. L., Heinritzi, M., Schervish, M.,\nSimon, M., Wagner, A. C., Dada, L., Ahonen, L. R., and Amorim, A.: Rapid\ngrowth of organic aerosol nanoparticles over a wide tropospheric temperature\nrange, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 115, 9122\u20139127, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1807604115,\n2018.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1807604115"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tr\u00f6stl, J., Chuang, W. K., Gordon, H., Heinritzi, M., Yan, C., Molteni,\nU., Ahlm, L., Frege, C., Bianchi, F., Wagner, R., Simon, M., Lehtipalo, K.,\nWilliamson, C., Craven, J. S., Duplissy, J., Adamov, A., Almeida, J.,\nBernhammer, A.-K., Breitenlechner, M., Brilke, S., Dias, A., Ehrhart, S.,\nFlagan, R. C., Franchin, A., Fuchs, C., Guida, R., Gysel, M., Hansel, A.,\nHoyle, C. R., Jokinen, T., Junninen, H., Kangasluoma, J., Keskinen, H., Kim,\nJ., Krapf, M., K\u00fcrten, A., Laaksonen, A., Lawler, M., Leiminger, M.,\nMathot, S., M\u00f6hler, O., Nieminen, T., Onnela, A., Pet\u00e4j\u00e4, T.,\nPiel, F. M., Miettinen, P., Rissanen, M. P., Rondo, L., Sarnela, N.,\nSchobesberger, S., Sengupta, K., Sipil\u00e4, M., Smith, J. N., Steiner, G.,\nTom\u00e8, A., Virtanen, A., Wagner, A. C., Weingartner, E., Wimmer, D.,\nWinkler, P. M., Ye, P., Carslaw, K. S., Curtius, J., Dommen, J., Kirkby, J.,\nKulmala, M., Riipinen, I., Worsnop, D. R., Donahue, N. M., and\nBaltensperger, U.: The role of low-volatility organic compounds in initial\nparticle growth in the atmosphere, Nature, 533, 527\u2013531, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature18271, 2016.","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18271"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valiev, R. R., Hasan, G., Salo, V.-T., Kube\u010dka, J., and Kurten, T.:\nIntersystem Crossings Drive Atmospheric Gas-Phase Dimer Formation,\nJ. Phys. Chem. A, 123, 6596\u20136604, 2019.","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpca.9b02559"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vanhanen, J., Mikkil\u00e4, J., Lehtipalo, K., Sipil\u00e4, M., Manninen, H.\nE., Siivola, E., Pet\u00e4j\u00e4, T., and Kulmala, M.: Particle Size\nMagnifier for Nano-CN Detection, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 45,\n533\u2013542, 2011.","DOI":"10.1080\/02786826.2010.547889"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Viggiano, A., Seeley, J. V., Mundis, P. L., Williamson, J. S., and Morris,\nR. A.: Rate Constants for the Reactions of XO3-(H2O)n (X&amp;thinsp;=&amp;thinsp;C, HC, and N)\nand NO3-(HNO3)n with H2SO4: Implications for Atmospheric Detection of\nH2SO4, J. Phys. Chem. A, 101, 8275\u20138278, 1997.","DOI":"10.1021\/jp971768h"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wagner, R., Yan, C., Lehtipalo, K., Duplissy, J., Nieminen, T., Kangasluoma, J., Ahonen, L. R., Dada, L., Kontkanen, J., Manninen, H. E., Dias, A., Amorim, A., Bauer, P. S., Bergen, A.&lt;span id=&quot;page9207&quot;\/&gt;, Bernhammer, A.-K., Bianchi, F., Brilke, S., Mazon, S. B., Chen, X., Draper, D. C., Fischer, L., Frege, C., Fuchs, C., Garmash, O., Gordon, H., Hakala, J., Heikkinen, L., Heinritzi, M., Hofbauer, V., Hoyle, C. R., Kirkby, J., K\u00fcrten, A., Kvashnin, A. N., Laurila, T., Lawler, M. J., Mai, H., Makhmutov, V., Mauldin III, R. L., Molteni, U., Nichman, L., Nie, W., Ojdanic, A., Onnela, A., Piel, F., Qu\u00e9l\u00e9ver, L. L. J., Rissanen, M. P., Sarnela, N., Schallhart, S., Sengupta, K., Simon, M., Stolzenburg, D., Stozhkov, Y., Tr\u00f6stl, J., Viisanen, Y., Vogel, A. L., Wagner, A. C., Xiao, M., Ye, P., Baltensperger, U., Curtius, J., Donahue, N. M., Flagan, R. C., Gallagher, M., Hansel, A., Smith, J. N., Tom\u00e9, A., Winkler, P. M., Worsnop, D., Ehn, M., Sipil\u00e4, M., Kerminen, V.-M., Pet\u00e4j\u00e4, T., and Kulmala, M.: The role of ions in new particle formation in the CLOUD chamber, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 15181\u201315197, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-17-15181-2017, 2017.","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-17-15181-2017"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Werle, P., Slemr, F., Maurer, K., Kormann, R., M\u00fccke, R., and\nJ\u00e4nker, B.: Near-and mid-infrared laser-optical sensors for gas\nanalysis, Opt. Laser. Eng., 37, 101\u2013114, 2002.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0143-8166(01)00092-6"},{"key":"ref91","unstructured":"WHO: Ambient air pollution: A global assessment of exposure and burden of\ndisease, WHO Press, Geneva, Switzerland, 2016."},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wildt, J., Mentel, T. F., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Hoffmann, T., Andres, S., Ehn, M., Kleist, E., M\u00fcsgen, P., Rohrer, F., Rudich, Y., Springer, M., Tillmann, R., and Wahner, A.: Suppression of new particle formation from monoterpene oxidation by NOx, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 2789\u20132804, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-14-2789-2014, 2014.","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-14-2789-2014"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Williamson, C. J., Kupc, A., Axisa, D., Bilsback, K. R., Bui, T.,\nCampuzano-Jost, P., Dollner, M., Froyd, K. D., Hodshire, A. L., Jimenez, J.\nL., Kodros, J. K., Luo, G., Murphy, D. M., Nault, B. A., Ray, E. A.,\nWeinzierl, B., Wilson, J. C., Yu, F., Yu, P., Pierce, J. R., and Brock, C.\nA.: A large source of cloud condensation nuclei from new particle formation\nin the tropics, Nature, 574, 399\u2013403, 2019.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1638-9"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wimmer, D., Lehtipalo, K., Franchin, A., Kangasluoma, J., Kreissl, F., K\u00fcrten, A., Kupc, A., Metzger, A., Mikkil\u00e4, J., Pet\u00e4j\u00e4, T., Riccobono, F., Vanhanen, J., Kulmala, M., and Curtius, J.: Performance of diethylene glycol-based particle counters in the sub-3&amp;thinsp;nm size range, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 1793\u20131804, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/amt-6-1793-2013, 2013.","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-6-1793-2013"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wimmer, D., Lehtipalo, K., Nieminen, T., Duplissy, J., Ehrhart, S., Almeida, J., Rondo, L., Franchin, A., Kreissl, F., Bianchi, F., Manninen, H. E., Kulmala, M., Curtius, J., and Pet\u00e4j\u00e4, T.: Technical Note: Using DEG-CPCs at upper tropospheric temperatures, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7547\u20137555, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-15-7547-2015, 2015.","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-15-7547-2015"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ye, P., Zhao, Y., Chuang, W. K., Robinson, A. L., and Donahue, N. M.: Secondary organic aerosol production from pinanediol, a semi-volatile surrogate for first-generation oxidation products of monoterpenes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 6171\u20136186, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-18-6171-2018, 2018.","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-18-6171-2018"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ye, Q., Wang, M., Hofbauer, V., Stolzenburg, D., Chen, D., Schervish, M.,\nVogel, A. L., Mauldin, R. L., Baalbaki, R., Brilke, S., Dada, L., Dias, A.,\nDuplissy, J., El Haddad, I., Finkenzeller, H., Fischer, L., He, X., Kim, C.,\nK\u00fcrten, A., Lamkaddam, H., Lee, C. P., Lehtipalo, K., Leiminger, M.,\nManninen, H. E., Marten, R., Mentler, B., Partoll, E., Pet\u00e4j\u00e4, T.,\nRissanen, M. P., Schobesberger, S., Schuchmann, S., Simon, M., Tham, Y. J.,\nVazquez-Pufleau, M., Wagner, A. C., Wang, Y., Wu, Y., Xiao, M.,\nBaltensperger, U., Curtius, J., Flagan, R., Kirkby, j., Kulmala, M.,\nVolkamer, R., Winkler, P. M., Worsnop, D. R., and Donahue, N. M.: Molecular\nComposition and Volatility of Nucleated Particles from \u03b1-Pinene\nOxidation between \u221250&amp;thinsp;\u2218C and +25&amp;thinsp;\u2218C, Environ.\nSci. Technol., 53, 12357\u201312365, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.9b03265, 2019.","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b03265"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ziemann, P. J. and Atkinson, R.: Kinetics, products, and mechanisms of\nsecondary organic aerosol formation, Chem. Soc. Rev., 41,\n6582\u20136605, 2012.","DOI":"10.1039\/c2cs35122f"}],"container-title":["Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/acp.copernicus.org\/articles\/20\/9183\/2020\/acp-20-9183-2020.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T16:56:42Z","timestamp":1738342602000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acp.copernicus.org\/articles\/20\/9183\/2020\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,3]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-20-9183-2020","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/acp-2019-1058","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/acp-2019-1058","asserted-by":"object"}],"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/acp-2019-1058-RC1","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/acp-2019-1058-AC1","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/acp-2019-1058-RC2","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/acp-2019-1058-AC1","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/acp-2019-1058-AC1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/acp-2019-1058-RC1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/acp-2019-1058-RC2","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1680-7324"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1680-7324","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,3]]}}}