{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T22:26:42Z","timestamp":1778020002314,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Copernicus GmbH","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Atmos. Chem. Phys."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract. The purpose of this study is to investigate the ability of the Sentinel-5P\nTROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) to derive accurate geometrical\nfeatures of lofted aerosol layers, selecting the Mediterranean\nBasin as the study area. Comparisons with ground-based correlative measurements constitute a\nkey component in the validation of passive and active satellite aerosol\nproducts. For this purpose, we use ground-based observations from quality-controlled lidar stations reporting to the European Aerosol Research Lidar\nNetwork (EARLINET). An optimal methodology for validation purposes has been\ndeveloped and applied using the EARLINET optical profiles and TROPOMI\naerosol products, aiming at the in-depth evaluation of the TROPOMI aerosol\nlayer height (ALH) product for the period 2018 to 2022 over the\nMediterranean Basin. Seven EARLINET stations were chosen, taking into\nconsideration their proximity to the sea, which provided 63 coincident\naerosol cases for the satellite retrievals. In the following, we present the\nfirst validation results for the TROPOMI\/S5P ALH using the optimized\nEARLINET lidar products employing the automated validation chain designed\nfor this purpose. The quantitative validation at pixels over the selected\nEARLINET stations illustrates that the TROPOMI ALH product is consistent with\nthe EARLINET lidar products, with a high correlation coefficient R=0.82\n(R=0.51) and a mean bias of -0.51\u00b10.77\u2009km and -2.27\u00b11.17\u2009km\nover ocean and land, respectively. Overall, it appears that aerosol layer\naltitudes retrieved from TROPOMI are systematically lower than altitudes\nfrom the lidar retrievals. High-albedo scenes, as well as low-aerosol-load\nscenes, are the most challenging for the TROPOMI retrieval algorithm, and\nthese results testify to the need to further investigate the underlying\ncause. This work provides a clear indication that the TROPOMI ALH product\ncan under certain conditions achieve the required threshold accuracy and precision\nrequirements of 1\u2009km, especially when only ocean pixels are included in the\ncomparison analysis. Furthermore, we describe and analyse three case studies\nin detail, one dust and two smoke episodes, in order to illustrate the\nstrengths and limitations of the TROPOMI ALH product and demonstrate the\npresented validation methodology. The present analysis provides important\nadditions to the existing validation studies that have been performed so far\nfor the TROPOMI S5P ALH product, which were based only on\nsatellite-to-satellite comparisons.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-23-1919-2023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T04:41:14Z","timestamp":1675658474000},"page":"1919-1940","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Validation of the TROPOMI\/S5P aerosol layer height using EARLINET lidars"],"prefix":"10.5194","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Michailidis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7509-4027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria-Elissavet","family":"Koukouli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1161-7746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitris","family":"Balis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0336-6406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. Pepijn","family":"Veefkind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7948-3292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"de Graaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4157-0838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"Mona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7702-0710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Papagianopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gesolmina","family":"Pappalardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7858-1667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioanna","family":"Tsikoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1544-7812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vassilis","family":"Amiridis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2631-6057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleni","family":"Marinou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9270-8361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Gialitaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4836-8560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodanthi-Elisavet","family":"Mamouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8159-248X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Argyro","family":"Nisantzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2334-4055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Bortoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2981-2232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Jo\u00e3o Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Vanda","family":"Salgueiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5189-9381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandros","family":"Papayannis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5955-3377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Mylonaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3576-7167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas","family":"Alados-Arboledas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Romano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria Rita","family":"Perrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2316-8960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Holger","family":"Baars","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"3145","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abril-Gago, J., Guerrero-Rascado, J. 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