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Chem. Phys."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract. Aerosol particles have an important role in Earth's\nradiation balance and climate, both directly and indirectly through\naerosol\u2013cloud interactions. Most aerosol particles in the atmosphere are\nweakly charged, affecting both their collision rates with ions and neutral\nmolecules, as well as the rates by which they are scavenged by other aerosol\nparticles and cloud droplets. The rate coefficients between ions and aerosol\nparticles are important since they determine the growth rates and lifetimes\nof ions and charged aerosol particles, and so they may influence cloud\nmicrophysics, dynamics, and aerosol processing. However, despite their\nimportance, very few experimental measurements exist of charged aerosol\ncollision rates under atmospheric conditions, where galactic cosmic rays in\nthe lower troposphere give rise to ion pair concentrations of around 1000\u2009cm\u22123. Here we present measurements in the CERN CLOUD chamber of the\nrate coefficients between ions and small (&lt;10\u2009nm) aerosol particles\ncontaining up to 9 elementary charges, e. We find the rate coefficient of a\nsingly charged ion with an oppositely charged particle increases from 2.0\n(0.4\u20134.4)\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u22126\u2009cm3\u2009s\u22121 to 30.6 (24.9\u201345.1)\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u22126\u2009cm3\u2009s\u22121 for particles with charges of 1 to\n9\u2009e, respectively, where the parentheses indicate the \u00b11\u03c3\nuncertainty interval. Our measurements are compatible with theoretical\npredictions and show excellent agreement with the model of\nGatti and Kortshagen (2008).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-23-6703-2023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]],"date-time":"2023-06-20T02:22:48Z","timestamp":1687227768000},"page":"6703-6718","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Measurement of the collision rate coefficients between atmospheric ions and multiply charged aerosol particles in the CERN CLOUD chamber"],"prefix":"10.5194","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9172-4447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joschka","family":"Pfeifer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7097-1430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naser G. A.","family":"Mahfouz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Benjamin 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Chem., 89, 5824\u20135831,\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.analchem.6b05110, 2017.","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6b05110"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chahl, H. S. and Gopalakrishnan, R.: High potential, near free molecular\nregime Coulombic collisions in aerosols and dusty plasmas, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 53, 933\u2013957, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02786826.2019.1614522,\n2019.","DOI":"10.1080\/02786826.2019.1614522"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dada, L., Lehtipalo, K., Kontkanen, J., Nieminen, T., Baalbaki, R., Ahonen,\nL., Duplissy, J., Yan, C., Chu, B., Pet\u00e4j\u00e4, T., Lehtinen, K.,\nKerminen, V.-M., Kulmala, M., and Kangasluoma, J.: Formation and growth of\nsub-3-nm aerosol particles in experimental chambers, Nat. Protoc., 15,\n1013\u20131040, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41596-019-0274-z, 2020.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-019-0274-z"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u00e9p\u00e9e, A., Lemaitre, P., Gelain, T., Monier, M., and Flossmann, A.: Laboratory study of the collection efficiency of submicron aerosol particles by cloud droplets \u2013 Part II: Influence of electric charges, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 6963\u20136984, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-21-6963-2021, 2021.","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-21-6963-2021"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dias, A., Ehrhart, S., Vogel, A., Williamson, C., Almeida, J., Kirkby, J., Mathot, S., Mumford, S., and Onnela, A.: Temperature uniformity in the CERN CLOUD chamber, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 5075\u20135088, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/amt-10-5075-2017, 2017.","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-10-5075-2017"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dunne, E. M., Gordon, H., K\u00fcrten, A., Almeida, J., Duplissy, J.,\nWilliamson, C., Ortega, I. K., Pringle, K. J., Adamov, A., Baltensperger,\nU., Barmet, P., Benduhn, F., Bianchi, F., Breitenlechner, M., Clarke, A.,\nCurtius, J., Dommen, J., Donahue, N. M., Ehrhart, S., Flagan, R. C.,\nFranchin, A., Guida, R., Hakala, J., Hansel, A., Heinritzi, M., Jokinen, T.,\nKangasluoma, J., Kirkby, J., Kulmala, M., Kupc, A., Lawler, M. J.,\nLehtipalo, K., Makhmutov, V., Mann, G., Mathot, S., Merikanto, J.,\nMiettinen, P., Nenes, A., Onnela, A., Rap, A., Reddington, C. L. S.,\nRiccobono, F., Richards, N. A. D., Rissanen, M. P., Rondo, L., Sarnela, N.,\nSchobesberger, S., Sengupta, K., Simon, M., Sipil\u00e4, M., Smith, J. N.,\nStozkhov, Y., Tom\u00e9, A., Tr\u00f6stl, J., Wagner, P. E., Wimmer, D.,\nWinkler, P. M., Worsnop, D. R., and Carslaw, K. S.: Global atmospheric\nparticle formation from CERN CLOUD measurements, Science, 354, 1119\u20131124,\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aaf2649, 2016.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf2649"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D'yachkov, L. G., Khrapak, A. G., Khrapak, S. A., and Morfill, G. E.: Model\nof grain charging in collisional plasmas accounting for collisionless layer,\nPhys. Plasmas, 14, 042102, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.2713719, 2007.","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2713719"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ehrhart, S., Ickes, L., Almeida, J., Amorim, A., Barmet, P., Bianchi, F.,\nDommen, J., Dunne, E. M., Duplissy, J., Franchin, A., Kangasluoma, J.,\nKirkby, J., K\u00fcrten, A., Kupc, A., Lehtipalo, K., Nieminen, T.,\nRiccobono, F., Rondo, L., Schobesberger, S., Steiner, G., Tom\u00e9, A.,\nWimmer, D., Baltensperger, U., Wagner, P. E., and Curtius, J.: Comparison of\nthe SAWNUC model with CLOUD measurements of sulphuric acid-water nucleation,\nJ. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 121, 401\u2013412, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/2015JD023723,\n2016.","DOI":"10.1002\/2015JD023723"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flagan, R. C.: History of Electrical Aerosol Measurements, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 28, 301\u2013380, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02786829808965530,\n1998.","DOI":"10.1080\/02786829808965530"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Franchin, A., Ehrhart, S., Lepp\u00e4, J., Nieminen, T., Gagn\u00e9, S., Schobesberger, S., Wimmer, D., Duplissy, J., Riccobono, F., Dunne, E. M., Rondo, L., Downard, A., Bianchi, F., Kupc, A., Tsagkogeorgas, G., Lehtipalo, K., Manninen, H. E., Almeida, J., Amorim, A., Wagner, P. E., Hansel, A., Kirkby, J., K\u00fcrten, A., Donahue, N. M., Makhmutov, V., Mathot, S., Metzger, A., Pet\u00e4j\u00e4, T., Schnitzhofer, R., Sipil\u00e4, M., Stozhkov, Y., Tom\u00e9, A., Kerminen, V.-M., Carslaw, K., Curtius, J., Baltensperger, U., and Kulmala, M.: Experimental investigation of ion\u2013ion recombination under atmospheric conditions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7203\u20137216, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-15-7203-2015, 2015.","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-15-7203-2015"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fuchs, N. A.: On the stationary charge distribution on aerosol particles in\na bipolar ionic atmosphere, Geofisica Pura e Applicata, 56, 185\u2013193,\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01993343, 1963.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01993343"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gatti, M. and Kortshagen, U.: Analytical model of particle charging in\nplasmas over a wide range of collisionality, Phys. Rev. E, 78, 046402,\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevE.78.046402, 2008.","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.78.046402"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gopalakrishnan, R. and Hogan, C. J.: Coulomb-influenced collisions in\naerosols and dusty plasmas, Phys. Rev. E, 85, 026410,\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevE.85.026410, 2012.","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.85.026410"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gopalakrishnan, R., Meredith, M. J., Larriba-Andaluz, C., and Hogan, C. J.:\nBrownian dynamics determination of the bipolar steady state charge\ndistribution on spheres and non-spheres in the transition regime, J.\nAerosol Sci., 63, 126\u2013145,\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2013.04.007, 2013.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2013.04.007"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, S. and Xue, H.: The enhancement of droplet collision by electric charges and atmospheric electric fields, Atmos. Chem. 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