{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T20:06:40Z","timestamp":1779134800940,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":141,"publisher":"Copernicus GmbH","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]],"date-time":"2023-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Atmos. Meas. Tech."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract. This paper presents a collection of lidar-derived aerosol intensive optical properties for several aerosol types, namely the particle linear depolarization ratio, the extinction-to-backscatter ratio (lidar ratio) and the \u00c5ngstr\u00f6m exponent. The data collection, named DeLiAn, is based on globally distributed, long-term, ground-based, multiwavelength, Raman and polarization lidar measurements, conducted mainly with lidars that have been developed at the Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research. The intensive optical properties are presented at two wavelengths, 355 and 532\u2009nm, for 13 aerosol categories. The categories cover the basic aerosol types (i.e., marine, pollution, continental European background, volcanic ash, smoke, mineral dust), as well as the most frequently observed mixtures they form. This extensive collection also incorporates more peculiar aerosol categories, including dried marine aerosol that, compared to marine aerosol, exhibits a significantly enhanced depolarization ratio (up to 15\u2009%). Besides Saharan dust, additional mineral dust types related to their source region were identified due to their lower lidar ratios (Central Asian and Middle Eastern dust). In addition, extreme wildfire events (such as in north America and Australia) emitted smoke into the stratosphere showing significantly different optical properties, i.e., high depolarization values (up to 25\u2009%), compared to tropospheric smoke. The data collection reflects and underlines the variety of aerosol mixtures in the atmosphere and can be used for the development of aerosol-typing schemes. The paper contains the most up-to-date and comprehensive overview of optical properties from aerosol lidar measurements and, therefore, provides a solid basis for future aerosol retrievals in the frame of both spaceborne and ground-based lidars. Furthermore, DeLiAn can assist the efforts for the harmonization of satellite records of aerosol properties performed at different wavelengths.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-16-2353-2023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]],"date-time":"2023-05-09T16:55:23Z","timestamp":1683651323000},"page":"2353-2379","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["DeLiAn \u2013 a growing collection of depolarization ratio, lidar ratio and \u00c5ngstr\u00f6m exponent for different aerosol types and mixtures from ground-based lidar observations"],"prefix":"10.5194","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9662-8684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Athena Augusta","family":"Floutsi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2316-8960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Holger","family":"Baars","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4225-9961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronny","family":"Engelmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2785-0788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dietrich","family":"Althausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5382-8440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert","family":"Ansmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1019-4692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie","family":"Bohlmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6743-926X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Birgit","family":"Heese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6657-4072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julian","family":"Hofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Kanitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5533-2112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moritz","family":"Haarig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Ohneiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7771-033X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Radenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5626-3761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patric","family":"Seifert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Annett","family":"Skupin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3270-534X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenping","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3468-6939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabur F.","family":"Abdullaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mika","family":"Komppula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7375-1492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Filioglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elina","family":"Giannakaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3890-2953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iwona S.","family":"Stachlewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lucja","family":"Janicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2334-4055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Bortoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2631-6057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleni","family":"Marinou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1544-7812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vassilis","family":"Amiridis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Gialitaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4836-8560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodanthi-Elisavet","family":"Mamouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8600-0815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boris","family":"Barja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3676-9121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulla","family":"Wandinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"3145","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Althausen, D., M\u00fcller, D., Ansmann, A., Wandinger, U., Hube, H., Clauder, E., and Z\u00f6rner, S.: Scanning 6-Wavelength 11-Channel Aerosol Lidar, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 17, 1469\u20131482,\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175\/1520-0426(2000)017&amp;lt;1469:SWCAL&amp;gt;2.0.CO;2, 2000.\u2002a, b","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0426(2000)017<1469:SWCAL>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Althausen, D., Engelmann, R., Baars, H., Heese, B., Ansmann, A., M\u00fcller, D., and Komppula, M.: Portable Raman Lidar Polly(XT) for Automated Profiling of Aerosol Backscatter, Extinction, and Depolarization, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech.,\n26, 2366\u20132378, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175\/2009jtecha1304.1, 2009.\u2002a, b","DOI":"10.1175\/2009JTECHA1304.1"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amiridis, V. and the ASKOS team: The ASKOS experiment for desert dust science applications, EGU General Assembly 2022, Vienna, Austria, 23\u201327\u00a0May 2022, EGU22-3633, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/egusphere-egu22-3633, 2022.\u2002a","DOI":"10.5194\/egusphere-egu22-3633"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amiridis, V., Marinou, E., Tsekeri, A., Wandinger, U., Schwarz, A., Giannakaki, E., Mamouri, R., Kokkalis, P., Binietoglou, I., Solomos, S., Herekakis, T., Kazadzis, S., Gerasopoulos, E., Proestakis, E., Kottas, M., Balis, D., Papayannis, A., Kontoes, C., Kourtidis, K., Papagiannopoulos, N., Mona, L., Pappalardo, G., Le Rille, O., and Ansmann, A.: LIVAS: a 3-D multi-wavelength aerosol\/cloud database based on CALIPSO and EARLINET, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 7127\u20137153, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-15-7127-2015, 2015.\u2002a","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-15-7127-2015"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ansmann, A. and M\u00fcller, D.: Lidar and Atmospheric Aerosol Particles, in: Lidar: Range-Resolved Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, 1st edn., edited by: Weitkamp, C., vol. 102 of Springer Series in Optical Sciences,\n105\u2013141, Springer, New York, New York, USA, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/b106786, 2005.\u2002a, b, c, d, e","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-25101-4_4"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ansmann, A., Wandinger, U., Riebesell, M., Weitkamp, C., and Michaelis, W.: Independent measurement of extinction and backscatter profiles in cirrus clouds by using a combined Raman elastic-backscatter lidar, Appl. Optics, 31, 7113\u20137131, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/AO.31.007113, 1992.\u2002a","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.31.007113"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ansmann, A., Althausen, D., Wandinger, U., Franke, K., M\u00fcller, D., Wagner, F., and Heintzenberg, J.: Vertical profiling of the Indian aerosol plume with six-wavelength lidar during INDOEX: A first case study, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 963\u2013966, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/1999GL010902, 2000.\u2002a","DOI":"10.1029\/1999GL010902"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ansmann, A., Wagner, F., M\u00fcller, D., Althausen, D., Herber, A., von Hoyningen-Huene, W., and Wandinger, U.: European pollution outbreaks during ACE 2: Optical particle properties inferred from multiwavelength lidar and star-Sun photometry, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 107, AAC 8-1\u2013AAC 8-14,\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2001JD001109, 2002a.\u2002a, b, c","DOI":"10.1029\/2001JD001109"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ansmann, A., Wandinger, U., Wiedensohler, A., and Leiterer, U.: Lindenberg Aerosol Characterization Experiment 1998 (LACE 98): Overview, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 107, LAC 11-1\u2013LAC 11-12, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2000JD000233, 2002b.\u2002a","DOI":"10.1029\/2000JD000233"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ansmann, A., Engelmann, R., Althausen, D., Wandinger, U., Hu, M., Zhang, Y.\u00a0H., and He, Q.\u00a0S.: High aerosol load over the Pearl River Delta, China, observed with Raman lidar and Sun photometer, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L13815, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2005gl023094, 2005.\u2002a, b","DOI":"10.1029\/2005GL023094"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ansmann, A., Petzold, A., Kandler, K., Tegen, I., Wendisch, M., M\u00fcller, D.,\nWeinzierl, B., M\u00fcller, T., and Heintzenberg, J.: Saharan Mineral Dust\nExperiments SAMUM-1 and SAMUM-2: what have we learned?, Tellus B, 63,\n403\u2013429, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0889.2011.00555.x, 2011.\u2002a, b","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0889.2011.00555.x"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ansmann, A., Baars, H., Chudnovsky, A., Mattis, I., Veselovskii, I., Haarig, M., Seifert, P., Engelmann, R., and Wandinger, U.: Extreme levels of Canadian wildfire smoke in the stratosphere over central Europe on 21\u201322 August 2017, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 11831\u201311845, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-18-11831-2018, 2018.\u2002a","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-18-11831-2018"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ansmann, A., Mamouri, R.-E., B\u00fchl, J., Seifert, P., Engelmann, R., Hofer, J., Nisantzi, A., Atkinson, J. D., Kanji, Z. A., Sierau, B., Vrekoussis, M., and Sciare, J.: Ice-nucleating particle versus ice crystal number concentrationin altocumulus and cirrus layers embedded in Saharan dust:a closure study, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 15087\u201315115, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-19-15087-2019, 2019.\u2002a, b","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-19-15087-2019"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ansmann, A., Ohneiser, K., Chudnovsky, A., Baars, H., and Engelmann, R.:\nCALIPSO Aerosol-Typing Scheme Misclassified Stratospheric Fire Smoke: Case\nStudy From the 2019 Siberian Wildfire Season, Front. Environ. Sci., 9, 769852, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fenvs.2021.769852, 2021.\u2002a","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2021.769852"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antu\u00f1a-Marrero, J.\u00a0C., Landulfo, E., Estevan, R., Barja, B., Robock, A., Wolfram, E., Ristori, P., Clemesha, B., Zaratti, F., Forno, R., Armandillo, E., Bastidas, \u00c1.\u00a0E., de\u00a0Frutos\u00a0Baraja, \u00c1.\u00a0M., Whiteman, D.\u00a0N., Quel, E., Barbosa, H. M.\u00a0J., Lopes, F., Montilla-Rosero, E., and Guerrero-Rascado,\nJ.\u00a0L.: LALINET: The First Latin American-Born Regional Atmospheric\nObservational Network, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 98, 1255\u20131275,\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175\/BAMS-D-15-00228.1, 2017.\u2002a","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-D-15-00228.1"},{"key":"ref16","unstructured":"Baars, H.: Aerosol profiling with lidar in the Amazon Basin during wet and dry season, PhD dissertation, Leipzig University,\nhttps:\/\/nbn-resolving.org\/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-98757 (last access: 20\u00a0March 2023), 2011.\u2002a, b, c"},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"Baars, H. and Yin, Z.: PollyNET\/Pollynet_Processing_Chain: Version 2.0, Zenodo [code], https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.3774689, 2020.\u2002a"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baars, H., Ansmann, A., Engelmann, R., and Althausen, D.: Continuous monitoring of the boundary-layer top with lidar, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 7281\u20137296, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-8-7281-2008, 2008.\u2002a","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-8-7281-2008"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baars, H., Ansmann, A., Althausen, D., Engelmann, R., Heese, B., M\u00fcller, D.,\nArtaxo, P., Paixao, M., Pauliquevis, T., and Souza, R.: Aerosol profiling\nwith lidar in the Amazon Basin during the wet and dry season, J. Geophys.\nRes.-Atmos., 117, D21201, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2012jd018338, 2012.\u2002a, b","DOI":"10.1029\/2012JD018338"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baars, H., Kanitz, T., Engelmann, R., Althausen, D., Heese, B., Komppula, M., Prei\u00dfler, J., Tesche, M., Ansmann, A., Wandinger, U., Lim, J.-H., Ahn, J. Y., Stachlewska, I. S., Amiridis, V., Marinou, E., Seifert, P., Hofer, J., Skupin, A., Schneider, F., Bohlmann, S., Foth, A., Bley, S., Pf\u00fcller, A., Giannakaki, E., Lihavainen, H., Viisanen, Y., Hooda, R. K., Pereira, S. N., Bortoli, D., Wagner, F., Mattis, I., Janicka, L., Markowicz, K. M., Achtert, P., Artaxo, P., Pauliquevis, T., Souza, R. A. F., Sharma, V. P., van Zyl, P. G., Beukes, J. P., Sun, J., Rohwer, E. G., Deng, R., Mamouri, R.-E., and Zamorano, F.: An overview of the first decade of PollyNET: an emerging network of automated Raman-polarization lidars for continuous aerosol profiling, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 5111\u20135137, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-16-5111-2016, 2016.\u2002a, b, c, d","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-16-5111-2016"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baars, H., Ansmann, A., Ohneiser, K., Haarig, M., Engelmann, R., Althausen, D., Hanssen, I., Gausa, M., Pietruczuk, A., Szkop, A., Stachlewska, I. S., Wang, D., Reichardt, J., Skupin, A., Mattis, I., Trickl, T., Vogelmann, H., Navas-Guzm\u00e1n, F., Haefele, A., Acheson, K., Ruth, A. A., Tatarov, B., M\u00fcller, D., Hu, Q., Podvin, T., Goloub, P., Veselovskii, I., Pietras, C., Haeffelin, M., Fr\u00e9ville, P., Sicard, M., Comer\u00f3n, A., Fern\u00e1ndez Garc\u00eda, A. J., Molero Men\u00e9ndez, F., C\u00f3rdoba-Jabonero, C., Guerrero-Rascado, J. L., Alados-Arboledas, L., Bortoli, D., Costa, M. J., Dionisi, D., Liberti, G. L., Wang, X., Sannino, A., Papagiannopoulos, N., Boselli, A., Mona, L., D'Amico, G., Romano, S., Perrone, M. R., Belegante, L., Nicolae, D., Grigorov, I., Gialitaki, A., Amiridis, V., Soupiona, O., Papayannis, A., Mamouri, R.-E., Nisantzi, A., Heese, B., Hofer, J., Schechner, Y. Y., Wandinger, U., and Pappalardo, G.: The unprecedented 2017\u20132018 stratospheric smoke event: decay phase and aerosol properties observed with the EARLINET, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 15183\u201315198, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-19-15183-2019, 2019.\u2002a","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-19-15183-2019"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baars, H., Radenz, M., Floutsi, A.\u00a0A., Engelmann, R., Althausen, D., Heese, B., Ansmann, A., Flament, T., Dabas, A., Trapon, D., Reitebuch, O., Bley, S., and Wandinger, U.: Californian Wildfire Smoke Over Europe: A First Example of the Aerosol Observing Capabilities of Aeolus Compared to Ground-Based Lidar, Geophys. Res. Lett., 48, e2020GL092194, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2020GL092194, 2021.\u2002a","DOI":"10.1029\/2020GL092194"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Belegante, L., Bravo-Aranda, J. A., Freudenthaler, V., Nicolae, D., Nemuc, A., Ene, D., Alados-Arboledas, L., Amodeo, A., Pappalardo, G., D'Amico, G., Amato, F., Engelmann, R., Baars, H., Wandinger, U., Papayannis, A., Kokkalis, P., and Pereira, S. N.: Experimental techniques for the calibration of lidar depolarization channels in EARLINET, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 1119\u20131141, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/amt-11-1119-2018, 2018.\u2002a","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-11-1119-2018"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bohlmann, S., Baars, H., Radenz, M., Engelmann, R., and Macke, A.: Ship-borne aerosol profiling with lidar over the Atlantic Ocean: from pure marine conditions to complex dust\u2013smoke mixtures, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 9661\u20139679, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-18-9661-2018, 2018.\u2002a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-18-9661-2018"},{"key":"ref25","unstructured":"Boucher, O., Randall, D., Artaxo, P., Bretherton, C., Feingold, G., Forster, P., Kerminen, V.-M., Kondo, Y., Liao, H., and Lohmann, U.: Clouds and aerosols, in: Climate change 2013: the physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group\u00a0I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by: Stocker, T. F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.-K., Tignor, M., Allen, S. K., Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V., and Midgley, P. M., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 571\u2013657, https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/site\/assets\/uploads\/2018\/02\/WG1AR5_Chapter07_FINAL-1.pdf (last access: 20\u00a0March 2023), 2013.\u2002a"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bravo-Aranda, J. A., Belegante, L., Freudenthaler, V., Alados-Arboledas, L., Nicolae, D., Granados-Mu\u00f1oz, M. J., Guerrero-Rascado, J. L., Amodeo, A., D'Amico, G., Engelmann, R., Pappalardo, G., Kokkalis, P., Mamouri, R., Papayannis, A., Navas-Guzm\u00e1n, F., Olmo, F. J., Wandinger, U., Amato, F., and Haeffelin, M.: Assessment of lidar depolarization uncertainty by means of a polarimetric lidar simulator, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 4935\u20134953, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/amt-9-4935-2016, 2016.\u2002a","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-9-4935-2016"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B\u00fchl, J., Seifert, P., Wandinger, U., Baars, H., Kanitz, T., Schmidt, J., Myagkov, A., Engelmann, R., Skupin, A., Heese, B., Klepel, A., Althausen, D.,\nand Ansmann, A.: LACROS: the Leipzig Aerosol and Cloud Remote Observations\nSystem, SPIE Remote Sensing, 8890, 889002, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/12.2030911, 2013.\u2002a, b","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2030911"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burton, S. P., Ferrare, R. A., Hostetler, C. A., Hair, J. W., Rogers, R. R., Obland, M. D., Butler, C. F., Cook, A. L., Harper, D. B., and Froyd, K. D.: Aerosol classification using airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar measurements \u2013 methodology and examples, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 73\u201398, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/amt-5-73-2012, 2012.\u2002a, b, c","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-5-73-2012"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burton, S. P., Hair, J. W., Kahnert, M., Ferrare, R. A., Hostetler, C. A., Cook, A. L., Harper, D. B., Berkoff, T. A., Seaman, S. T., Collins, J. E., Fenn, M. A., and Rogers, R. R.: Observations of the spectral dependence of linear particle depolarization ratio of aerosols using NASA Langley airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 13453\u201313473, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-15-13453-2015, 2015.\u2002a","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-15-13453-2015"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D'Amico, G., Amodeo, A., Baars, H., Binietoglou, I., Freudenthaler, V., Mattis, I., Wandinger, U., and Pappalardo, G.: EARLINET Single Calculus Chain \u2013 overview on methodology and strategy, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 8, 4891\u20134916, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/amt-8-4891-2015, 2015.\u2002a","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-8-4891-2015"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"do\u00a0Carmo, J.\u00a0P., de\u00a0Villele, G., Wallace, K., Lefebvre, A., Ghose, K., Kanitz, T., Chassat, F., Corselle, B., Belhadj, T., and Bravetti, P.: ATmospheric LIDar (ATLID): Pre-Launch Testing and Calibration of the European Space Agency Instrument That Will Measure Aerosols and Thin Clouds in the Atmosphere, Atmosphere, 12, 76, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/atmos12010076, 2021.\u2002a","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos12010076"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eck, T.\u00a0F., Holben, B.\u00a0N., Reid, J.\u00a0S., Dubovik, O., Smirnov, A., O'Neill, N.\u00a0T., Slutsker, I., and Kinne, S.: Wavelength dependence of the optical depth of biomass burning, urban, and desert dust aerosols, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 104, 31333\u201331349, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/1999JD900923, 1999.\u2002a","DOI":"10.1029\/1999JD900923"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Engelmann, R., Kanitz, T., Baars, H., Heese, B., Althausen, D., Skupin, A., Wandinger, U., Komppula, M., Stachlewska, I. S., Amiridis, V., Marinou, E., Mattis, I., Linn\u00e9, H., and Ansmann, A.: The automated multiwavelength Raman polarization and water-vapor lidar PollyXT: the neXT generation, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 1767\u20131784, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/amt-9-1767-2016, 2016.\u2002a, b, c, d","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-9-1767-2016"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Engelmann, R., Ansmann, A., Ohneiser, K., Griesche, H., Radenz, M., Hofer, J., Althausen, D., Dahlke, S., Maturilli, M., Veselovskii, I., Jimenez, C., Wiesen, R., Baars, H., B\u00fchl, J., Gebauer, H., Haarig, M., Seifert, P., Wandinger, U., and Macke, A.: Wildfire smoke, Arctic haze, and aerosol effects on mixed-phase and cirrus clouds over the North Pole region during MOSAiC: an introduction, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13397\u201313423, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-21-13397-2021, 2021.\u2002a, b, c, d","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-21-13397-2021"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Filioglou, M., Giannakaki, E., Backman, J., Kesti, J., Hirsikko, A., Engelmann, R., O'Connor, E., Leskinen, J. T. T., Shang, X., Korhonen, H., Lihavainen, H., Romakkaniemi, S., and Komppula, M.: Optical and geometrical aerosol particle properties over the United Arab Emirates, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 8909\u20138922, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-20-8909-2020, 2020.\u2002a, b","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-20-8909-2020"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flament, T., Trapon, D., Lacour, A., Dabas, A., Ehlers, F., and Huber, D.: Aeolus L2A aerosol optical properties product: standard correct algorithm and Mie correct algorithm, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 7851\u20137871, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/amt-14-7851-2021, 2021.\u2002a","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-14-7851-2021"},{"key":"ref37","unstructured":"Floutsi, A.\u00a0A., Baars, H., and Wandinger, U.: Towards an automatic aerosol\ntyping algorithm applicable for ground-based and spaceborne lidars, Living\nPlanet Symposium, 13\u201317\u00a0May 2019, Milan, Italy, ResearchGate, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13140\/RG.2.2.14147.45604, 2019.\u2002a"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Floutsi, A.\u00a0A., Baars, H., Radenz, M., Haarig, M., Yin, Z., Seifert, P.,\nJimenez, C., Ansmann, A., Engelmann, R., Barja, B., Zamorano, F., and\nWandinger, U.: Advection of Biomass Burning Aerosols towards the Southern\nHemispheric Mid-Latitude Station of Punta Arenas as Observed with\nMultiwavelength Polarization Raman Lidar, Remote Sens., 13, 138,\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs13010138, 2021.\u2002a, b, c","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13010138"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Floutsi, A.\u00a0A., Baars, H., Engelmann, R., Althausen, D., Ansmann, A., Bohlmann, S., Heese, B., Hofer, J., Kanitz, T., Haarig, M., Ohneiser, K., Radenz, M., Seifert, P., Skupin, A., Yin, Z., Abdullaev, S.\u00a0F., Komppula, M., Filioglou, M., Giannakaki, E., Stachlewska, I.\u00a0S., Janicka, L., Bortoli, D., Marinou, E., Amiridis, V., Gialitaki, A., Mamouri, R.-E., Barja, B., and Wandinger, U.: DeLiAn \u2013 a growing collection of depolarization ratio, lidar ratio and \u00c5ngstr\u00f6m exponent for different aerosol types and mixtures from ground-based lidar observations, Zenodo [data set], https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.7751752, 2023.\u2002a","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-2022-306"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freudenthaler, V.: About the effects of polarising optics on lidar signals and the \u039490 calibration, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 4181\u20134255, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/amt-9-4181-2016, 2016.\u2002a","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-9-4181-2016"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freudenthaler, V., Esselborn, M., Wiegner, M., Heese, B., Tesche, M., Ansmann, A., M\u00fcller, D., Althausen, D., Wirth, M., Fix, A., Ehret, G., Knippertz, P., Toledano, C., Gasteiger, J., Garhammer, M., and Seefeldner, M.: Depolarization ratio profiling at several wavelengths in pure Saharan dust during SAMUM 2006, Tellus B, 61, 165\u2013179,\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0889.2008.00396.x, 2009.\u2002a","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0889.2008.00396.x"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freudenthaler, V., Linn\u00e9, H., Chaikovski, A., Rabus, D., and Gro\u00df, S.: EARLINET lidar quality assurance tools, Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss. [preprint], https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/amt-2017-395, in review, 2018.\u2002a","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-2017-395"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fuzzi, S., Baltensperger, U., Carslaw, K., Decesari, S., Denier van der Gon, H., Facchini, M. C., Fowler, D., Koren, I., Langford, B., Lohmann, U., Nemitz, E., Pandis, S., Riipinen, I., Rudich, Y., Schaap, M., Slowik, J. G., Spracklen, D. V., Vignati, E., Wild, M., Williams, M., and Gilardoni, S.: Particulate matter, air quality and climate: lessons learned and future needs, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 8217\u20138299, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-15-8217-2015, 2015.\u2002a","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-15-8217-2015"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gialitaki, A., Tsekeri, A., Amiridis, V., Ceolato, R., Paulien, L., Kampouri, A., Gkikas, A., Solomos, S., Marinou, E., Haarig, M., Baars, H., Ansmann, A., Lapyonok, T., Lopatin, A., Dubovik, O., Gro\u00df, S., Wirth, M., Tsichla, M., Tsikoudi, I., and Balis, D.: Is the near-spherical shape the \u201cnew black\u201d for smoke?, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14005\u201314021, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-20-14005-2020, 2020.\u2002a","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-20-14005-2020"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giannakaki, E., van Zyl, P. G., M\u00fcller, D., Balis, D., and Komppula, M.: Optical and microphysical characterization of aerosol layers over South Africa by means of multi-wavelength depolarization and Raman lidar measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 8109\u20138123, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-16-8109-2016, 2016.\u2002a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-16-8109-2016"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Griesche, H. J., Seifert, P., Ansmann, A., Baars, H., Barrientos Velasco, C., B\u00fchl, J., Engelmann, R., Radenz, M., Zhenping, Y., and Macke, A.: Application of the shipborne remote sensing supersite OCEANET for profiling of Arctic aerosols and clouds during Polarstern cruise PS106, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 13, 5335\u20135358, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/amt-13-5335-2020, 2020.\u2002a","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-13-5335-2020"},{"key":"ref47","unstructured":"Gro\u00df, S., Freudenthaler, V., Toledano, C., Seefeldner, M., and Wiegner, M.:\nMini-lidar measurements of particle depolarization and Raman scattering of\nSaharan-dust and biomass burning at 355\u2009nm during SAMUM 2, Proceedings of\n24th International Laser Radar Conference (ILRC 24), 23\u201327\u00a0June 2008, Boulder, Colorado, USA, International Coordination Group on Laser Atmospheric Studies (ICLAS), ISBN\u00a09781617826061, 2008.\u2002a"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gro\u00df, S., Tesche, M., Freudenthaler, V., Toledano, C., Wiegner, M., Ansmann, A., Althausen, D., and Seefeldner, M.: Characterization of Saharan dust, marine aerosols and mixtures of biomass-burning aerosols and dust by means of multi-wavelength depolarization and Raman lidar measurements during SAMUM-2, Tellus B, 63, 706\u2013724, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0889.2011.00556.x, 2011.\u2002a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0889.2011.00556.x"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gro\u00df, S., Freudenthaler, V., Wiegner, M., Gasteiger, J., Gei\u00df, A., and Schnell, F.: Dual-wavelength linear depolarization ratio of volcanic aerosols: Lidar measurements of the Eyjafjallaj\u00f6kull plume over Maisach, Germany, Atmos. Environ., 48, 85\u201396, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2011.06.017,\n2012.\u2002a, b","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2011.06.017"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gro\u00df, S., Esselborn, M., Weinzierl, B., Wirth, M., Fix, A., and Petzold, A.: Aerosol classification by airborne high spectral resolution lidar observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 2487\u20132505, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-13-2487-2013, 2013.\u2002a","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-13-2487-2013"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gro\u00df, S., Freudenthaler, V., Schepanski, K., Toledano, C., Sch\u00e4fler, A., Ansmann, A., and Weinzierl, B.: Optical properties of long-range transported Saharan dust over Barbados as measured by dual-wavelength depolarization Raman lidar measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 11067\u201311080, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-15-11067-2015, 2015.\u2002a","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-15-11067-2015"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haarig, M., Engelmann, R., Ansmann, A., Veselovskii, I., Whiteman, D. N., and Althausen, D.: 1064\u2009nm rotational Raman lidar for particle extinction and lidar-ratio profiling: cirrus case study, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 4269\u20134278, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/amt-9-4269-2016, 2016.\u2002a","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-9-4269-2016"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haarig, M., Ansmann, A., Althausen, D., Klepel, A., Gro\u00df, S., Freudenthaler, V., Toledano, C., Mamouri, R.-E., Farrell, D. A., Prescod, D. A., Marinou, E., Burton, S. P., Gasteiger, J., Engelmann, R., and Baars, H.: Triple-wavelength depolarization-ratio profiling of Saharan dust over Barbados during SALTRACE in 2013 and 2014, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 10767\u201310794, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-17-10767-2017, 2017a.\u2002a, b, c, d, e, f","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-17-10767-2017"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haarig, M., Ansmann, A., Gasteiger, J., Kandler, K., Althausen, D., Baars, H., Radenz, M., and Farrell, D. A.: Dry versus wet marine particle optical properties: RH dependence of depolarization ratio, backscatter, and extinction from multiwavelength lidar measurements during SALTRACE, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 14199\u201314217, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-17-14199-2017, 2017b.\u2002a, b, c, d, e, f","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-17-14199-2017"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haarig, M., Ansmann, A., Baars, H., Jimenez, C., Veselovskii, I., Engelmann, R., and Althausen, D.: Depolarization and lidar ratios at 355, 532, and 1064\u2009nm and microphysical properties of aged tropospheric and stratospheric Canadian wildfire smoke, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 11847\u201311861, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-18-11847-2018, 2018.\u2002a, b, c, d, e, f","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-18-11847-2018"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haarig, M., Walser, A., Ansmann, A., Dollner, M., Althausen, D., Sauer, D., Farrell, D., and Weinzierl, B.: Profiles of cloud condensation nuclei, dust mass concentration, and ice-nucleating-particle-relevant aerosol properties in the Saharan Air Layer over Barbados from polarization lidar and airborne in situ measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 13773\u201313788, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-19-13773-2019, 2019.\u2002a","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-19-13773-2019"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haarig, M., Ansmann, A., Engelmann, R., Baars, H., Toledano, C., Torres, B., Althausen, D., Radenz, M., and Wandinger, U.: First triple-wavelength lidar observations of depolarization and extinction-to-backscatter ratios of Saharan dust, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 355\u2013369, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-22-355-2022, 2022.\u2002a, b, c","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-22-355-2022"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H\u00e4nel, A., Baars, H., Althausen, D., Ansmann, A., Engelmann, R., and Sun, J.\u00a0Y.: One-year aerosol profiling with EUCAARI Raman lidar at Shangdianzi GAW station: Beijing plume and seasonal variations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,\n117, D13201, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2012JD017577, 2012.\u2002a, b, c, d","DOI":"10.1029\/2012JD017577"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hansen, J., Sato, M., and Ruedy, R.: Radiative forcing and climate response, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 102, 6831\u20136864, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/96JD03436, 1997.\u2002a","DOI":"10.1029\/96JD03436"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heese, B., Althausen, D., Baars, H., Bohlmann, S., and Deng, R.: Aerosol\nProperties over Southeastern China from Multi-Wavelength Raman and\nDepolarization Lidar Measurements, Proceedings of the 27th\nInternational Laser Radar Conference (ILRC 27), 5\u201310\u00a0July 2015, New York City, USA, EPJ Web Conf., 119, 23018, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/epjconf\/201611923018, 2016.\u2002a","DOI":"10.1051\/epjconf\/201611923018"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heese, B., Baars, H., Bohlmann, S., Althausen, D., and Deng, R.: Continuous vertical aerosol profiling with a multi-wavelength Raman polarization lidar over the Pearl River Delta, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 6679\u20136691, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-17-6679-2017, 2017.\u2002a, b","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-17-6679-2017"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heese, B., Floutsi, A. A., Baars, H., Althausen, D., Hofer, J., Herzog, A., Mewes, S., Radenz, M., and Schechner, Y. Y.: The vertical aerosol type distribution above Israel \u2013 2 years of lidar observations at the coastal city of Haifa, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 1633\u20131648, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-22-1633-2022, 2022.\u2002a","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-22-1633-2022"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herold, C., Althausen, D., M\u00fcller, D., Tesche, M., Seifert, P., Engelmann, R., Flamant, C., Bhawar, R., and Girolamo, P.\u00a0D.: Comparison of Raman Lidar Observations of Water Vapor with COSMO-DE Forecasts during COPS 2007, Weather Forcast., 26, 1056\u20131066, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175\/2011WAF2222448.1, 2011.\u2002a","DOI":"10.1175\/2011WAF2222448.1"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hofer, J., Althausen, D., Abdullaev, S. F., Makhmudov, A. N., Nazarov, B. I., Schettler, G., Engelmann, R., Baars, H., Fomba, K. W., M\u00fcller, K., Heinold, B., Kandler, K., and Ansmann, A.: Long-term profiling of mineral dust and pollution aerosol with multiwavelength polarization Raman lidar at the Central Asian site of Dushanbe, Tajikistan: case studies, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 14559\u201314577, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-17-14559-2017, 2017.\u2002a, b, c","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-17-14559-2017"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hofer, J., Ansmann, A., Althausen, D., Engelmann, R., Baars, H., Fomba, K. W., Wandinger, U., Abdullaev, S. F., and Makhmudov, A. N.: Optical properties of Central Asian aerosol relevant for spaceborne lidar applications and aerosol typing at 355 and 532\u2009nm, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 9265\u20139280, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-20-9265-2020, 2020.\u2002a, b, c, d","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-20-9265-2020"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Illingworth, A.\u00a0J., Barker, H.\u00a0W., Beljaars, A., Ceccaldi, M., Chepfer, H., Clerbaux, N., Cole, J., Delanoe, J., Domenech, C., Donovan, D.\u00a0P., Fukuda, S., Hirakata, M., Hogan, R.\u00a0J., Huenerbein, A., Kollias, P., Kubota, T., Nakajima, T., Nakajima, T.\u00a0Y., Nishizawa, T., Ohno, Y., Okamoto, H., Oki, R., Sato, K., Satoh&lt;span id=&quot;page2376&quot;\/&gt;, M., Shephard, M.\u00a0W., Velazquez-Blazquez, A., Wandinger, U., Wehr, T., and van Zadelhoff, G.\u00a0J.: THE EARTHCARE SATELLITE The Next Step Forward in Global Measurements of Clouds, Aerosols, Precipitation, and Radiation, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 96, 1311\u20131332, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175\/bams-d-12-00227.1, 2015.\u2002a, b, c, d, e","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-D-12-00227.1"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Janicka, L., Stachlewska, I.\u00a0S., Markowicz, K.\u00a0M., Baars, H., Engelmann, R., and Heese, B.: Lidar Measurements of Canadian Forest Fire Smoke Episode Observed in July 2013 over Warsaw, Poland, Proceedings of the\n27th International Laser Radar Conference (ILRC 27), 5\u201310\u00a0July 2015, New York City, USA, EPJ Web Conf., 119, 18005, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/epjconf\/201611918005, 2016.\u2002a, b, c, d","DOI":"10.1051\/epjconf\/201611918005"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Janicka, L., Stachlewska, I.\u00a0S., Veselovskii, I., and Baars, H.: Temporal\nvariations in optical and microphysical properties of mineral dust and\nbiomass burning aerosol derived from daytime Raman lidar observations over\nWarsaw, Poland, Atmos. Environ., 169, 162\u2013174,\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2017.09.022, 2017.\u2002a, b","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2017.09.022"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jimenez, C., Ansmann, A., Engelmann, R., Haarig, M., Schmidt, J., and Wandinger, U.: Polarization lidar: an extended three-signal calibration approach, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 1077\u20131093, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/amt-12-1077-2019, 2019.\u2002a","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-12-1077-2019"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jimenez, C., Ansmann, A., Engelmann, R., Donovan, D., Malinka, A., Schmidt, J., Seifert, P., and Wandinger, U.: The dual-field-of-view polarization lidar technique: a new concept in monitoring aerosol effects in liquid-water clouds \u2013 theoretical framework, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 15247\u201315263, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-20-15247-2020, 2020a.\u2002a, b","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-20-15247-2020"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jimenez, C., Ansmann, A., Engelmann, R., Donovan, D., Malinka, A., Seifert, P., Wiesen, R., Radenz, M., Yin, Z., B\u00fchl, J., Schmidt, J., Barja, B., and Wandinger, U.: The dual-field-of-view polarization lidar technique: a new concept in monitoring aerosol effects in liquid-water clouds \u2013 case studies, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 15265\u201315284, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-20-15265-2020, 2020b.\u2002a","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-20-15265-2020"},{"key":"ref72","unstructured":"Kaduk, C.: Characterization of the optical properties of complex aerosol mixtures observed with a multiwavelength\u2013Raman\u2013polarization lidar during the 6-weeks BACCHUS campaign in Cyprus in spring 2015, MSc thesis, Leipzig University, https:\/\/www.tropos.de\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/Institut\/Abteilungen\/Fernerkundung\/Daten_PDF\/MA_Clara_Kaduk.pdf (last access: 20\u00a0March 2023), 2017.\u2002a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o"},{"key":"ref73","unstructured":"Kanitz, T.: Vertical distribution of aerosols above the Atlantic Ocean, Punta Arenas (Chile), and Stellenbosch (South Africa), PhD dissertation,\nTechnische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14279\/depositonce-3386, 2012.\u2002a, b"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kanitz, T., Ansmann, A., Engelmann, R., and Althausen, D.: North-south cross sections of the vertical aerosol distribution over the Atlantic Ocean from multiwavelength Raman\/polarization lidar during Polarstern cruises, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 2643\u20132655, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jgrd.50273,\n2013a.\u2002a, b, c, d, e, f","DOI":"10.1002\/jgrd.50273"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kanitz, T., Ansmann, A., Seifert, P., Engelmann, R., Kalisch, J., and Althausen, D.: Radiative effect of aerosols above the northern and southern Atlantic Ocean as determined from shipborne lidar observations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 12556\u201312565, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/2013jd019750, 2013b.\u2002a","DOI":"10.1002\/2013JD019750"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kanitz, T., Ansmann, A., Foth, A., Seifert, P., Wandinger, U., Engelmann, R., Baars, H., Althausen, D., Casiccia, C., and Zamorano, F.: Surface matters: limitations of CALIPSO V3 aerosol typing in coastal regions, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 2061\u20132072, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/amt-7-2061-2014, 2014a.\u2002a","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-7-2061-2014"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kanitz, T., Engelmann, R., Heinold, B., Baars, H., Skupin, A., and Ansmann, A.: Tracking the Saharan Air Layer with shipborne lidar across the tropical Atlantic, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 1044\u20131050, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/2013GL058780,\n2014b.\u2002a, b","DOI":"10.1002\/2013GL058780"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, M.-H., Omar, A. H., Tackett, J. L., Vaughan, M. A., Winker, D. M., Trepte, C. R., Hu, Y., Liu, Z., Poole, L. R., Pitts, M. C., Kar, J., and Magill, B. E.: The CALIPSO version 4 automated aerosol classification and lidar ratio selection algorithm, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 6107\u20136135, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/amt-11-6107-2018, 2018.\u2002a, b, c, d, e, f, g","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-11-6107-2018"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Komppula, M., Mielonen, T., Arola, A., Korhonen, K., Lihavainen, H., Hyv\u00e4rinen, A.-P., Baars, H., Engelmann, R., Althausen, D., Ansmann, A., M\u00fcller, D., Panwar, T. S., Hooda, R. K., Sharma, V. P., Kerminen, V.-M., Lehtinen, K. E. J., and Viisanen, Y.: Technical Note: One year of Raman-lidar measurements in Gual Pahari EUCAARI site close to New Delhi in India \u2013 Seasonal characteristics of the aerosol vertical structure, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 4513\u20134524, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-12-4513-2012, 2012.\u2002a, b, c, d","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-12-4513-2012"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kulmala, M., Asmi, A., Lappalainen, H. K., Baltensperger, U., Brenguier, J.-L., Facchini, M. C., Hansson, H.-C., Hov, \u00d8., O'Dowd, C. D., P\u00f6schl, U., Wiedensohler, A., Boers, R., Boucher, O., de Leeuw, G., Denier van der Gon, H. A. C., Feichter, J., Krejci, R., Laj, P., Lihavainen, H., Lohmann, U., McFiggans, G., Mentel, T., Pilinis, C., Riipinen, I., Schulz, M., Stohl, A., Swietlicki, E., Vignati, E., Alves, C., Amann, M., Ammann, M., Arabas, S., Artaxo, P., Baars, H., Beddows, D. C. S., Bergstr\u00f6m, R., Beukes, J. P., Bilde, M., Burkhart, J. F., Canonaco, F., Clegg, S. L., Coe, H., Crumeyrolle, S., D'Anna, B., Decesari, S., Gilardoni, S., Fischer, M., Fjaeraa, A. M., Fountoukis, C., George, C., Gomes, L., Halloran, P., Hamburger, T., Harrison, R. M., Herrmann, H., Hoffmann, T., Hoose, C., Hu, M., Hyv\u00e4rinen, A., H\u00f5rrak, U., Iinuma, Y., Iversen, T., Josipovic, M., Kanakidou, M., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Kirkev\u00e5g, A., Kiss, G., Klimont, Z., Kolmonen, P., Komppula, M., Kristj\u00e1nsson, J.-E., Laakso, L., Laaksonen, A., Labonnote, L., Lanz, V. A., Lehtinen, K. E. J., Rizzo, L. V., Makkonen, R., Manninen, H. E., McMeeking, G., Merikanto, J., Minikin, A., Mirme, S., Morgan, W. T., Nemitz, E., O'Donnell, D., Panwar, T. S., Pawlowska, H., Petzold, A., Pienaar, J. J., Pio, C., Plass-Duelmer, C., Pr\u00e9v\u00f4t, A. S. H., Pryor, S., Reddington, C. L., Roberts, G., Rosenfeld, D., Schwarz, J., Seland, \u00d8., Sellegri, K., Shen, X. J., Shiraiwa, M., Siebert, H., Sierau, B., Simpson, D., Sun, J. Y., Topping, D., Tunved, P., Vaattovaara, P., Vakkari, V., Veefkind, J. P., Visschedijk, A., Vuollekoski, H., Vuolo, R., Wehner, B., Wildt, J., Woodward, S., Worsnop, D. R., van Zadelhoff, G.-J., Zardini, A. A., Zhang, K., van Zyl, P. G., Kerminen, V.-M., S Carslaw, K., and Pandis, S. N.: General overview: European Integrated project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality interactions (EUCAARI) \u2013 integrating aerosol research from nano to global scales, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 13061\u201313143, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-11-13061-2011, 2011.\u2002a","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-11-13061-2011"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lelieveld, J., Hadjinicolaou, P., Kostopoulou, E., Chenoweth, J., El\u00a0Maayar, M., Giannakopoulos, C., Hannides, C., Lange, M.\u00a0A., Tanarhte, M., Tyrlis, E., and Xoplaki, E.: Climate change and impacts in the Eastern Mediterranean and\nthe Middle East, Clim. Change, 114, 667\u2013687,\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10584-012-0418-4, 2012.\u2002a","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-012-0418-4"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mamouri, R. E. and Ansmann, A.: Fine and coarse dust separation with polarization lidar, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 3717\u20133735, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/amt-7-3717-2014, 2014.\u2002a","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-7-3717-2014"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mamouri, R. E. and Ansmann, A.: Estimated desert-dust ice nuclei profiles from polarization lidar: methodology and case studies, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 3463\u20133477, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-15-3463-2015, 2015.\u2002a","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-15-3463-2015"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mamouri, R.-E. and Ansmann, A.: Potential of polarization lidar to provide profiles of CCN- and INP-relevant aerosol parameters, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 5905\u20135931, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-16-5905-2016, 2016.\u2002a, b","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-16-5905-2016"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mattis, I., Ansmann, A., Althausen, D., Jaenisch, V., Wandinger, U., M\u00fcller, D., Arshinov, Y.\u00a0F., Bobrovnikov, S.\u00a0M., and Serikov, I.\u00a0B.: Relative-humidity profiling in the troposphere with a Raman lidar, Appl.\nOptics, 41, 6451\u20136462, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/AO.41.006451, 2002a.\u2002a, b, c","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.41.006451"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mattis, I., Ansmann, A., M\u00fcller, D., Wandinger, U., and Althausen, D.: Dual-wavelength Raman lidar observations of the extinction-to-backscatter ratio of Saharan dust, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1306, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2002GL014721, 2002b.\u2002a","DOI":"10.1029\/2002GL014721"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mattis, I., Ansmann, A., M\u00fcller, D., Wandinger, U., and Althausen, D.:\nMultiyear aerosol observations with dual-wavelength Raman lidar in the\nframework of EARLINET, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D13203,\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2004JD004600, 2004.\u2002a, b","DOI":"10.1029\/2004JD004600"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mattis, I., M\u00fcller, D., Ansmann, A., Wandinger, U., Prei\u00dfler, J., Seifert, P., and Tesche, M.: Ten years of multiwavelength Raman lidar observations of free-tropospheric aerosol layers over central Europe: Geometrical properties\nand annual cycle, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D20202,\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2007JD009636, 2008.\u2002a","DOI":"10.1029\/2007JD009636"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00fcller, D., Wandinger, U., Althausen, D., Mattis, I., and Ansmann, A.:\nRetrieval of physical particle properties from lidar observations of\nextinction and backscatter at multiple wavelengths, Appl. Optics, 37,\n2260\u20132263, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/AO.37.002260, 1998.\u2002a","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.37.002260"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00fcller, D., Wandinger, U., and Ansmann, A.: Microphysical particle\nparameters from extinction and backscatter lidar data by inversion with\nregularization: theory, Appl. Optics, 38, 2346\u20132357,\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/AO.38.002346, 1999a.\u2002a","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.38.002346"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00fcller, D., Wandinger, U., and Ansmann, A.: Microphysical particle\nparameters from extinction and backscatter lidar data by inversion with\nregularization: simulation, Appl. Optics, 38, 2358\u20132368,\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/AO.38.002358, 1999b.\u2002a","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.38.002358"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00fcller, D., Wagner, F., Wandinger, U., Ansmann, A., Wendisch, M., Althausen, D., and von Hoyningen-Huene, W.: Microphysical particle parameters from extinction and backscatter lidar data by inversion with regularization: experiment, Appl. Optics, 39, 1879\u20131892, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/AO.39.001879, 2000.\u2002a","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.39.001879"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00fcller, D., Ansmann, A., Wagner, F., Franke, K., and Althausen, D.: European\npollution outbreaks during ACE 2: Microphysical particle properties and\nsingle-scattering albedo inferred from multiwavelength lidar observations,\nJ. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 107, 4248, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2001JD001110, 2002.\u2002a","DOI":"10.1029\/2001JD001110"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00fcller, D., Franke, K., Ansmann, A., Althausen, D., and Wagner, F.:\nIndo-Asian pollution during INDOEX: Microphysical particle properties and\nsingle-scattering albedo inferred from multiwavelength lidar observations,\nJ. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, 4600, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2003JD003538, 2003.\u2002a","DOI":"10.1029\/2003JD003538"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00fcller, D., Mattis, I., Wandinger, U., Ansmann, A., Althausen, D., and Stohl, A.: Raman lidar observations of aged Siberian and Canadian forest fire smoke\nin the free troposphere over Germany in 2003: Microphysical particle\ncharacterization, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 110, D17201,\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2004jd005756, 2005.\u2002a","DOI":"10.1029\/2004JD005756"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00fcller, D., Ansmann, A., Mattis, I., Tesche, M., Wandinger, U., Althausen, D., and Pisani, G.: Aerosol-type-dependent lidar ratios observed with Raman\nlidar, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 112, D16202, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2006jd008292, 2007.\u2002a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j","DOI":"10.1029\/2006JD008292"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00fcller, D., Kolgotin, A., Mattis, I., Petzold, A., and Stohl, A.: Vertical profiles of microphysical particle properties derived from inversion with two-dimensional regularization of multiwavelength Raman lidar data: experiment, Appl. Optics, 50, 2069\u20132079, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/AO.50.002069, 2011.\u2002a","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.50.002069"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nicolae, D., Vasilescu, J., Talianu, C., Binietoglou, I., Nicolae, V., Andrei, S., and Antonescu, B.: A neural network aerosol-typing algorithm based on lidar data, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 14511\u201314537, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-18-14511-2018, 2018.\u2002a","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-18-14511-2018"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ohneiser, K., Ansmann, A., Baars, H., Seifert, P., Barja, B., Jimenez, C., Radenz, M., Teisseire, A., Floutsi, A., Haarig, M., Foth, A., Chudnovsky, A., Engelmann, R., Zamorano, F., B\u00fchl, J., and Wandinger, U.: Smoke of extreme Australian bushfires observed in the stratosphere over Punta Arenas, Chile, in January 2020: optical thickness, lidar ratios, and depolarization ratios at 355 and 532\u2009nm, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 8003\u20138015, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-20-8003-2020, 2020.\u2002a, b, c, d","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-20-8003-2020"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ohneiser, K., Ansmann, A., Chudnovsky, A., Engelmann, R., Ritter, C., Veselovskii, I., Baars, H., Gebauer, H., Griesche, H., Radenz, M., Hofer, J., Althausen, D., Dahlke, S., and Maturilli, M.: The unexpected smoke layer in the High Arctic winter stratosphere during MOSAiC 2019\u20132020 , Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15783\u201315808, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-21-15783-2021, 2021.\u2002a, b, c, d","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-21-15783-2021"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Omar, A.\u00a0H., Won, J.-G., Winker, D.\u00a0M., Yoon, S.-C., Dubovik, O., and\nMcCormick, M.\u00a0P.: Development of global aerosol models using cluster\nanalysis of Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) measurements, J. Geophys.\nRes.-Atmos., 110, D10S14, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2004JD004874, 2005.\u2002a, b","DOI":"10.1029\/2004JD004874"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Omar, A.\u00a0H., Winker, D.\u00a0M., Vaughan, M.\u00a0A., Hu, Y., Trepte, C.\u00a0R., Ferrare,\nR.\u00a0A., Lee, K.-P., Hostetler, C.\u00a0A., Kittaka, C., Rogers, R.\u00a0R., Kuehn,\nR.\u00a0E., and Liu, Z.: The CALIPSO Automated Aerosol Classification and Lidar\nRatio Selection Algorithm, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 26, 1994\u20132014,\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175\/2009jtecha1231.1, 2009.\u2002a, b","DOI":"10.1175\/2009JTECHA1231.1"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Papagiannopoulos, N., Mona, L., Amodeo, A., D'Amico, G., Gum\u00e0 Claramunt, P., Pappalardo, G., Alados-Arboledas, L., Guerrero-Rascado, J. L., Amiridis, V., Kokkalis, P., Apituley, A., Baars, H., Schwarz, A., Wandinger, U., Binietoglou, I., Nicolae, D., Bortoli, D., Comer\u00f3n, A., Rodr\u00edguez-G\u00f3mez, A., Sicard, M., Papayannis, A., and Wiegner, M.: An automatic observation-based aerosol typing method for EARLINET, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 15879\u201315901, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-18-15879-2018, 2018.\u2002a","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-18-15879-2018"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pappalardo, G., Amodeo, A., Apituley, A., Comeron, A., Freudenthaler, V., Linn\u00e9, H., Ansmann, A., B\u00f6senberg, J., D'Amico, G., Mattis, I., Mona, L., Wandinger, U., Amiridis, V., Alados-Arboledas, L., Nicolae, D., and Wiegner, M.: EARLINET: towards an advanced sustainable European aerosol lidar network, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 2389\u20132409, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/amt-7-2389-2014, 2014.\u2002a, b, c","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-7-2389-2014"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pereira, N.\u00a0S., Prei\u00dfler, J., Guerrero-Rascado, J.\u00a0L., Silva, A.\u00a0M., and\nWagner, F.: Forest Fire Smoke Layers Observed in the Free Troposphere over\nPortugal with a Multiwavelength Raman Lidar: Optical and Microphysical\nProperties, Sc. World J., 2014, 421838, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/421838, 2014.\u2002a, b","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/421838"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pisso, I., Sollum, E., Grythe, H., Kristiansen, N. I., Cassiani, M., Eckhardt, S., Arnold, D., Morton, D., Thompson, R. L., Groot Zwaaftink, C. D., Evangeliou, N., Sodemann, H., Haimberger, L., Henne, S., Brunner, D., Burkhart, J. F., Fouilloux, A., Brioude, J., Philipp, A., Seibert, P., and Stohl, A.: The Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART version 10.4, Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 4955\u20134997, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/gmd-12-4955-2019, 2019.\u2002a","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-12-4955-2019"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prei\u00dfler, J., Wagner, F., Pereira, S.\u00a0N., and Guerrero-Rascado, J.\u00a0L.:\nMulti-instrumental observation of an exceptionally strong Saharan dust\noutbreak over Portugal, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 116, D24204,\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2011JD016527, 2011.\u2002a, b","DOI":"10.1029\/2011JD016527"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prei\u00dfler, J., Wagner, F., Guerrero-Rascado, J.\u00a0L., and Silva, A.\u00a0M.: Two years of free-tropospheric aerosol layers observed over Portugal by lidar, J.\nGeophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 3676\u20133686, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jgrd.50350, 2013.\u2002a, b, c, d","DOI":"10.1002\/jgrd.50350"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Radenz, M., B\u00fchl, J., Seifert, P., Baars, H., Engelmann, R., Barja Gonz\u00e1lez, B., Mamouri, R.-E., Zamorano, F., and Ansmann, A.: Hemispheric contrasts in ice formation in stratiform mixed-phase clouds: disentangling the role of aerosol and dynamics with ground-based remote sensing, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17969\u201317994, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-21-17969-2021, 2021a.\u2002a, b, c, d","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-21-17969-2021"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Radenz, M., Seifert, P., Baars, H., Floutsi, A. A., Yin, Z., and B\u00fchl, J.: Automated time\u2013height-resolved air mass source attribution for profiling remote sensing applications, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 3015\u20133033, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-21-3015-2021, 2021b.\u2002a, b","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-21-3015-2021"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramanathan, V., Crutzen, P.\u00a0J., Lelieveld, J., Mitra, A.\u00a0P., Althausen, D., Anderson, J., Andreae, M.\u00a0O., Cantrell, W., Cass, G.\u00a0R., Chung, C.\u00a0E., Clarke, A.\u00a0D., Coakley, J.\u00a0A., Collins, W.\u00a0D., Conant, W.\u00a0C., Dulac, F., Heintzenberg, J., Heymsfield, A.\u00a0J., Holben, B., Howell, S., Hudson, J., Jayaraman, A., Kiehl, J.\u00a0T., Krishnamurti, T.\u00a0N., Lubin, D., McFarquhar, G., Novakov, T., Ogren, J.\u00a0A., Podgorny, I.\u00a0A., Prather, K., Priestley, K., Prospero, J.\u00a0M., Quinn, P.\u00a0K., Rajeev, K., Rasch, P., Rupert, S., Sadourny, R., Satheesh, S.\u00a0K., Shaw, G.\u00a0E., Sheridan, P., and Valero, F. P.\u00a0J.: Indian Ocean Experiment: An integrated analysis of the climate forcing and effects of the great Indo-Asian haze, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 106, 28371\u201328398, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2001JD900133, 2001.\u2002a","DOI":"10.1029\/2001JD900133"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rittmeister, F., Ansmann, A., Engelmann, R., Skupin, A., Baars, H., Kanitz, T., and Kinne, S.: Profiling of Saharan dust from the Caribbean to western Africa \u2013 Part 1: Layering structures and optical properties from shipborne polarization\/Raman lidar observations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 12963\u201312983, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-17-12963-2017, 2017.\u2002a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-17-12963-2017"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sasano, Y. and Browell, E.\u00a0V.: Light scattering characteristics of various\naerosol types derived from multiple wavelength lidar observations, Appl.\nOptics, 28, 1670\u20131679, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/AO.28.001670, 1989.\u2002a","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.28.001670"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmidt, J., Wandinger, U., and Malinka, A.: Dual-field-of-view Raman lidar\nmeasurements for the retrieval of cloud microphysical properties, Appl.\nOptics, 52, 2235\u20132247, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/AO.52.002235, 2013.\u2002a, b","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.52.002235"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schotland, R.\u00a0M., Sassen, K., and Stone, R.: Observations by Lidar of Linear Depolarization Ratios for Hydrometeors, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 10, 1011\u20131017, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175\/1520-0450(1971)010&amp;lt;1011:oblold&amp;gt;2.0.co;2, 1971.\u2002a","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0450(1971)010<1011:OBLOLD>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"ref116","unstructured":"Schuster, G., Toth, T., Trepte, C., Chin, M., Bian, H., Kim, D., Kar, J., and Welton, E.: Mapping Modeled Aerosol Species to Measured Lidar Ratios for the\nMIRA Project, The 30th International Laser Radar Conference, 26\u00a0June\u20131\u00a0July 2022, Montana, USA, https:\/\/science.larc.nasa.gov\/mira-wg\/ (last access: 20\u00a0March 2023), 2022.\u2002a"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sicard, M., Guerrero-Rascado, J. L., Navas-Guzm\u00e1n, F., Prei\u00dfler, J., Molero, F., Tom\u00e1s, S., Bravo-Aranda, J. A., Comer\u00f3n, A., Rocadenbosch, F., Wagner, F., Pujadas, M., and Alados-Arboledas, L.: Monitoring of the Eyjafjallaj\u00f6kull volcanic aerosol plume over the Iberian Peninsula by means of four EARLINET lidar stations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 3115\u20133130, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-12-3115-2012, 2012.\u2002a, b","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-12-3115-2012"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stein, A.\u00a0F., Draxler, R.\u00a0R., Rolph, G.\u00a0D., Stunder, B. J.\u00a0B., Cohen, M.\u00a0D.,\nand Ngan, F.: NOAA\u2019s HYSPLIT Atmospheric Transport and Dispersion Modeling\nSystem, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 96, 2059\u20132077,\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175\/bams-d-14-00110.1, 2015.\u2002a","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-D-14-00110.1"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stoffelen, A., Pailleux, J., K\u00e4ll\u00e9n, E., Vaughan, J.\u00a0M., Isaksen, L.,\nFlamant, P., Wergen, W., Andersson, E., Schyberg, H., Culoma, A., Meynart,\nR., Endemann, M., and Ingmann, P.: The Atmospheric Dynamics Mission For\nGlobal Wind Field Measurement, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 86, 73\u201388,\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175\/BAMS-86-1-73, 2005.\u2002a","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-86-1-73"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sugimoto, N., Matsui, I., Shimizu, A., Uno, I., Asai, K., Endoh, T., and\nNakajima, T.: Observation of dust and anthropogenic aerosol plumes in the\nNorthwest Pacific with a two-wavelength polarization lidar on board the\nresearch vessel Mirai, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 7-1\u20137-4,\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2002GL015112, 2002.\u2002a","DOI":"10.1029\/2002GL015112"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sugimoto, N., Nishizawa, T., Shimizu, A., Matsui, I., and Jin, Y.:\nCharacterization of aerosols in East Asia with the Asian Dust and Aerosol\nLidar Observation Network (AD-Net), SPIE Asia-Pacific\nRemote Sensing, 9262, 74\u201382, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/12.2069892, 2014.\u2002a","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2069892"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szczepanik, D.\u00a0M., Stachlewska, I.\u00a0S., Tetoni, E., and Althausen, D.:\nProperties of Saharan Dust Versus Local Urban Dust\u2013A Case Study, Earth\nSpace Sci., 8, e2021EA001816, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2021EA001816, 2021.\u2002a, b","DOI":"10.1029\/2021EA001816"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tackett, J. L., Kar, J., Vaughan, M. A., Getzewich, B. J., Kim, M.-H., Vernier, J.-P., Omar, A. H., Magill, B. E., Pitts, M. C., and Winker, D. M.: The CALIPSO version 4.5 stratospheric aerosol subtyping algorithm, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 745\u2013768, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/amt-16-745-2023, 2023.\u2002a, b, c, d","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-16-745-2023"},{"key":"ref124","unstructured":"Tesche, M.: Vertical profiling of aerosol optical properties with multiwavelength aerosol lidar during the Saharan Mineral Dust Experiments, PhD dissertation, University of Leipzig, https:\/\/nbn-resolving.org\/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-71257,\n(last access: 20\u00a0March 2023), 2011.\u2002a, b, c, d"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tesche, M., Ansmann, A., M\u00fcller, D., Althausen, D., Engelmann, R., Hu, M., and Zhang, Y.: Particle backscatter, extinction, and lidar ratio profiling with Raman lidar in south and north China, Appl. Optics, 46, 6302\u20136308,\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/AO.46.006302, 2007.\u2002a, b","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.46.006302"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tesche, M., Ansmann, A., M\u00fcller, D., Althausen, D., Mattis, I., Heese, B., Freudenthaler, V., Wiegner, M., Esselborn, M., Pisani, G., and Knippertz, P.:\nVertical profiling of Saharan dust with Raman lidars and airborne HSRL in\nsouthern Morocco during SAMUM, Tellus B, 61, 144\u2013164,\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0889.2008.00390.x, 2009a.\u2002a","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0889.2008.00390.x"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tesche, M., Ansmann, A., M\u00fcller, D., Althausen, D., Engelmann, R., Freudenthaler, V., and Gro\u00df, S.: Vertically resolved separation of dust and\nsmoke over Cape Verde using multiwavelength Raman and polarization lidars\nduring Saharan Mineral Dust Experiment 2008, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 114,\nD13202, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2009jd011862, 2009b.\u2002a, b","DOI":"10.1029\/2009JD011862"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tesche, M., Gro\u00df, S., Ansmann, A., M\u00fcller, D., Althausen, D., Freudenthaler,\nV., and Esselborn, M.: Profiling of Saharan dust and biomass-burning smoke\nwith multiwavelength polarization Raman lidar at Cape Verde, Tellus B, 63,\n649\u2013676, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0889.2011.00548.x, 2011a.\u2002a, b, c","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0889.2011.00548.x"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tesche, M., M\u00fcller, D., Gro\u00df, S., Ansmann, A., Althausen, D., Freudenthaler, V., Weinzierl, B., Veira, A., and Petzold, A.: Optical and microphysical properties of smoke over Cape Verde inferred from multiwavelength lidar measurements, Tellus B, 63, 677\u2013694, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0889.2011.00549.x, 2011b.\u2002a","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0889.2011.00549.x"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomas, M. A., Devasthale, A., and Kahnert, M.: Marine aerosol properties over the Southern Ocean in relation to the wintertime meteorological conditions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 119\u2013137, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/acp-22-119-2022, 2022.\u2002a","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-22-119-2022"},{"key":"ref131","unstructured":"Urbanneck, C.: Retrieval of aerosol optical and microphysical properties in Cyprus during A-LIFE and CyCARE by lidar and closure studies with airborne in-situ measurements \u2013 Towards aerosol-cloud interaction investigations, MSc thesis, Leipzig University, https:\/\/www.tropos.de\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/Institut\/Abteilungen\/Fernerkundung\/Daten_PDF\/MA_claudia_urbanneck.pdf,\n(last access: 20\u00a0March 2023), 2018.\u2002a, b, c, d"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wandinger, U., Baars, H., Engelmann, R., H\u00fcnerbein, A., Horn, S., Kanitz, T.,\nDonovan, D., van Zadelhoff, G.-J., Daou, D., Fischer, J., von Bismarck, J.,\nFilipitsch, F., Docter, N., Eisinger, M., Lajas, D., and Wehr, T.: HETEAC:\nThe Aerosol Classification Model for EarthCARE, Proceedings\nof the 27th International Laser Radar Conference (ILRC 27), 5\u201310\u00a0July 2015, New York City, USA, EPJ Web Conf., 119, 01004, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/epjconf\/201611901004, 2016a.\u2002a, b, c","DOI":"10.1051\/epjconf\/201611901004"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wandinger, U., Freudenthaler, V., Baars, H., Amodeo, A., Engelmann, R., Mattis, I., Gro\u00df, S., Pappalardo, G., Giunta, A., D'Amico, G., Chaikovsky, A., Osipenko, F., Slesar, A., Nicolae, D., Belegante, L., Talianu, C., Serikov, I., Linn\u00e9, H., Jansen, F., Apituley, A., Wilson, K. M., de Graaf, M., Trickl, T., Giehl, H., Adam, M., Comer\u00f3n, A., Mu\u00f1oz-Porcar, C., Rocadenbosch, F., Sicard, M., Tom\u00e1s, S., Lange, D., Kumar, D., Pujadas, M., Molero, F., Fern\u00e1ndez, A. J., Alados-Arboledas, L., Bravo-Aranda, J. A., Navas-Guzm\u00e1n, F., Guerrero-Rascado, J. L., Granados-Mu\u00f1oz, M. J., Prei\u00dfler, J., Wagner, F., Gausa, M., Grigorov, I., Stoyanov, D., Iarlori, M., Rizi, V., Spinelli, N., Boselli, A., Wang, X., Lo Feudo, T., Perrone, M. R., De Tomasi, F., and Burlizzi, P.: EARLINET instrument intercomparison campaigns: overview on strategy and results, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 1001\u20131023, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/amt-9-1001-2016, 2016b.\u2002a","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-9-1001-2016"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wandinger, U., Floutsi, A. A., Baars, H., Haarig, M., Ansmann, A., H\u00fcnerbein, A., Docter, N., Donovan, D., van Zadelhoff, G.-J., Mason, S., and Cole, J.: HETEAC \u2013 The Hybrid End-To-End Aerosol Classification model for EarthCARE, EGUsphere [preprint], https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/egusphere-2022-1241, 2022.\u2002a, b","DOI":"10.5194\/egusphere-2022-1241"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weinzierl, B., Sauer, D., Esselborn, M., Petzold, A., Veira, A., Rose, M., Mund, S., Wirth, M., Ansmann, A., Tesche, M., Gro\u00df, S., and Freudenthaler, V.: Microphysical and optical properties of dust and tropical biomass burning aerosol layers in the Cape Verde region \u2013 an overview of the airborne in situ and lidar measurements during SAMUM-2, Tellus B, 63, 589\u2013618, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0889.2011.00566.x, 2011.\u2002a","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0889.2011.00566.x"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weinzierl, B., Ansmann, A., Prospero, J.\u00a0M., Althausen, D., Benker, N., Chouza, F., Dollner, M., Farrell, D., Fomba, W.\u00a0K., Freudenthaler, V., Gasteiger, J., Gro\u00df, S., Haarig, M., Heinold, B., Kandler, K., Kristensen, T.\u00a0B., Mayol-Bracero, O.\u00a0L., M\u00fcller, T., Reitebuch, O., Sauer, D., Sch\u00e4fler, A., Schepanski, K., Spanu, A., Tegen, I., Toledano, C., and Walser, A.: The\nSaharan Aerosol Long-Range Transport and Aerosol\u2013Cloud-Interaction\nExperiment: Overview and Selected Highlights, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 98,\n1427\u20131451, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175\/bams-d-15-00142.1, 2017.\u2002a","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-D-15-00142.1"},{"key":"ref137","unstructured":"Welton, E.\u00a0J., Campbell, J.\u00a0R., Berkoff, T.\u00a0A., Spinhirne, J.\u00a0D., Tsay, S.-C., Holben, B., Shiobara, M., and Starr, D.\u00a0O.: The micro-pulse lidar network (MPLNET), 21st International Laser Radar Conference (ILRC21), Quebec, Canada, 8\u201312\u00a0July 2002, https:\/\/ams.confex.com\/ams\/pdfpapers\/86086.pdf,\n(last access: 20\u00a0March 2023), 2002.\u2002a"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Winker, D.\u00a0M., Vaughan, M.\u00a0A., Omar, A., Hu, Y., Powell, K.\u00a0A., Liu, Z., Hunt, W.\u00a0H., and Young, S.\u00a0A.: Overview of the CALIPSO mission and CALIOP data processing algorithms, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 26, 2310\u20132323,\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175\/2009JTECHA1281.1, 2009.\u2002a","DOI":"10.1175\/2009JTECHA1281.1"},{"key":"ref139","unstructured":"Yin, Z. and Baars, H.: PollyNET\/Pollynet_Processing_Chain: Version 3.0, Zenodo [code], https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.5571289, 2021.\u2002a"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yin, Z., Ansmann, A., Baars, H., Seifert, P., Engelmann, R., Radenz, M., Jimenez, C., Herzog, A., Ohneiser, K., Hanbuch, K., Blarel, L., Goloub, P., Dubois, G., Victori, S., and Maupin, F.: Aerosol measurements with a shipborne Sun\u2013sky\u2013lunar photometer and collocated multiwavelength Raman polarization lidar over the Atlantic Ocean, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 5685\u20135698, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/amt-12-5685-2019, 2019.\u2002a","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-12-5685-2019"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zieger, P., V\u00e4is\u00e4nen, O., Corbin, J.\u00a0C., Partridge, D.\u00a0G., Bastelberger, S., Mousavi-Fard, M., Rosati, B., Gysel, M., Krieger, U.\u00a0K., Leck, C., Nenes, A.,\nRiipinen, I., Virtanen, A., and Salter, M.\u00a0E.: Revising the hygroscopicity\nof inorganic sea salt particles, Nat. Comm., 8, 15883,\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms15883, 2017.\u2002a","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15883"}],"container-title":["Atmospheric Measurement Techniques"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/amt.copernicus.org\/articles\/16\/2353\/2023\/amt-16-2353-2023.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T18:52:53Z","timestamp":1737571973000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/amt.copernicus.org\/articles\/16\/2353\/2023\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]]},"references-count":141,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/amt-16-2353-2023","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/amt-2022-306","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/amt-2022-306","asserted-by":"object"}],"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/amt-2022-306-RC1","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/amt-2022-306-AC1","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/amt-2022-306-RC2","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/amt-2022-306-AC2","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/amt-2022-306-AC1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/amt-2022-306-AC2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/amt-2022-306-RC2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/amt-2022-306-RC1","asserted-by":"object"}],"is-part-of":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5281\/zenodo.7751752","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["1867-8548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1867-8548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]]}}}