{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T16:31:48Z","timestamp":1778517108058,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Copernicus GmbH","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,21]],"date-time":"2018-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000288","name":"Royal Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RG130386"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG130386"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000288","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biogeosciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract. The silicon isotopic composition (\u03b430Si) of\ndeep sea sponges' skeletal element \u2013 spicules \u2013 reflects the silicic acid\n(DSi) concentration of their surrounding water and can be used as natural\narchives of bottom water nutrients. In order to reconstruct the past silica\ncycle robustly, it is essential to better constrain the mechanisms of\nbiosilicification, which are not yet well understood. Here, we show that the\napparent isotopic fractionation (\u03b430Si) during spicule\nformation in deep sea sponges from the equatorial Atlantic ranges from\n\u22126.74\u2009\u2030 to \u22121.50\u2009\u2030 in relatively low DSi concentrations\n(15 to 35\u2009\u00b5M). The wide range in isotopic composition highlights\nthe potential difference in silicification mechanism between the two major\nclasses, Demospongiae and Hexactinellida. We find the anomalies in the\nisotopic fractionation correlate with skeletal morphology, whereby fused\nframework structures, characterised by secondary silicification, exhibit\nextremely light \u03b430Si signatures compared with previous\nstudies. Our results provide insight into the processes involved during\nsilica deposition and indicate that reliable reconstructions of past DSi can\nonly be obtained using silicon isotope ratios derived from sponges with\ncertain spicule types.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-15-6959-2018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,21]],"date-time":"2018-11-21T08:09:11Z","timestamp":1542787751000},"page":"6959-6977","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Silicon isotopes of deep sea sponges: new insights into biomineralisation and skeletal structure"],"prefix":"10.5194","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Lucie","family":"Cassarino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Coath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joana R.","family":"Xavier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Katharine R.","family":"Hendry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"3145","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aizenberg, J.: Skeleton of Euplectella sp.: Structural Hierarchy\nfrom the\nNanoscale to the Macroscale, Science, 309, 275\u2013278,\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1112255, 2005.\u2002a","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1112255"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antcliffe, J.\u00a0B., Callow, R.\u00a0H., and Brasier, M.\u00a0D.: Giving the early fossil\nrecord of sponges a squeeze, Biol. 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