{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T03:02:02Z","timestamp":1776999722188,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Copernicus GmbH","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]],"date-time":"2020-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586217600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biogeosciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract. The largest and commercially appealing mineral deposits\ncan be found in the abyssal sea floor of the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ), a\npolymetallic nodule province, in the NE Pacific Ocean, where experimental\nmining is due to take place. In anticipation of deep-sea mining impacts, it\nhas become essential to rapidly and accurately assess biodiversity. For this\nreason, ophiuroid material collected during eight scientific cruises from\nfive exploration licence areas within CCZ, one area being protected from mining\n(APEI3, Area of Particular Environmental Interest) in the periphery of CCZ\nand the DISturbance and re-COLonisation (DISCOL) Experimental Area (DEA),\nin the SE Pacific Ocean, was examined. Specimens were genetically analysed\nusing a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c\u00a0oxidase subunit\u00a0I (COI).\nMaximum-likelihood and neighbour-joining trees were constructed, while four\ntree-based and distance-based methods of species delineation (automatic barcode gap discovery, ABGD; barcode index numbers, BINs;\ngeneral mixed Yule\u2013coalescent, GMYC; multi-rate Poisson tree process, mPTP) were employed to propose secondary species hypotheses (SSHs)\nwithin the ophiuroids collected. The species delimitation analyses'\nconcordant results revealed the presence of 43 deep-sea brittle star SSHs,\nrevealing an unexpectedly high diversity and showing that the most\nconspicuous invertebrates in abyssal plains have been so far considerably\nunderestimated. The number of SSHs found in each area varied from five\u00a0(IFREMER area) to 24 (BGR (Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources,\nGermany) area) while 13\u00a0SSHs were represented by\nsingletons. None of the SSHs were found to be present in all seven\u00a0areas while\nthe majority of species (44.2\u2009%) had a single-area presence (19\u00a0SSHs).\nThe most common species were Ophioleucidae sp. (Species\u00a029), Amphioplus daleus (Species 2)\nand Ophiosphalma glabrum (Species 3), present in all areas except APEI3. The biodiversity\npatterns could be mainly attributed to particulate organic carbon (POC) fluxes that could explain the\nhighest species numbers found in BGR (German contractor area) and UKSRL (UK Seabed Resources Ltd, UK\ncontractor area) areas. The five exploration contract areas belong to a\nmesotrophic province, while conversely the APEI3 is located in an\noligotrophic province, which could explain the lowest diversity as well as\nvery low similarity with the other six study areas. Based on these results\nthe representativeness and the appropriateness of APEI3 to meet its purpose\nof preserving the biodiversity of the CCZ fauna are questioned. Finally,\nthis study provides the foundation for biogeographic and functional analyses\nthat will provide insight into the drivers of species diversity and its role\nin ecosystem function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-17-1845-2020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]],"date-time":"2020-04-07T05:19:10Z","timestamp":1586236750000},"page":"1845-1876","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Unexpected high abyssal ophiuroid diversity in polymetallic nodule fields of the northeast Pacific Ocean and  implications for conservation"],"prefix":"10.5194","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3597-4396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalini","family":"Christodoulou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"O'Hara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andrew F.","family":"Hugall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sahar","family":"Khodami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3426-8342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara F.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Hilario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Annemiek","family":"Vink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Martinez Arbizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"3145","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Altschul, S. 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