{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T06:08:07Z","timestamp":1772258887664,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Copernicus GmbH","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,16]],"date-time":"2019-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clim. Past"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract. Modern precipitation anomalies in the Altiplano, South America, are closely\nlinked to the strength of the South American summer monsoon (SASM), which is\ninfluenced by large-scale climate features sourced in the tropics such as\nthe Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and El Ni\u00f1o\u2013Southern\nOscillation (ENSO). However, the timing, direction, and spatial extent of\nprecipitation changes prior to the instrumental period are still largely\nunknown, preventing a better understanding of the long-term drivers of the\nSASM and their effects over the Altiplano. Here we present a detailed pollen\nreconstruction from a sedimentary sequence covering the period between\n4500 and 1000\u2009cal\u2009yr\u2009BP in Lago Chungar\u00e1 (18\u2218\u2009S; 4570\u2009m\u2009a.s.l.), a\nhigh-elevation lake on the southwestern margin of the Altiplano where\nprecipitation is delivered almost exclusively during the mature phase of the\nSASM over the austral summer. We distinguish three well-defined\ncentennial-scale anomalies, with dry conditions between 4100\u20133300 and\n1600\u20131000\u2009cal\u2009yr\u2009BP and a conspicuous humid interval between 2400 and 1600\u2009cal\u2009yr\u2009BP, which resulted from the weakening and strengthening of the SASM,\nrespectively. Comparisons with other climate reconstructions from the\nAltiplano, the Atacama Desert, the tropical Andes, and the southwestern\nAtlantic coast reveal that \u2013 unlike modern climatological controls \u2013 past\nprecipitation anomalies at Lago Chungar\u00e1 were largely decoupled from\nnorth\u2013south shifts in the ITCZ and ENSO. A regionally coherent pattern of\ncentennial-scale SASM variations and a significant latitudinal gradient in\nprecipitation responses suggest the contribution of an extratropical\nmoisture source for the SASM, with significant effects on precipitation\nvariability in the southern Altiplano.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5194\/cp-15-1845-2019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,16]],"date-time":"2019-10-16T09:33:13Z","timestamp":1571218393000},"page":"1845-1859","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Centennial-scale precipitation anomalies in the southern Altiplano (18\u00b0\u2009S) suggest an extratropical driver for the South American summer  monsoon during the late Holocene"],"prefix":"10.5194","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6682-8092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignacio A.","family":"Jara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Maldonado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Leticia","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7245-9863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armand","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"S\u00e1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Giralt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2928-2836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2214-7057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Blas","family":"Valero-Garc\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"3145","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Aceituno, P. and Montecinos, A.: Circulation anomalies associated with dry\nand wet periods in the South American Altiplano, Proc. 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