{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T06:11:21Z","timestamp":1772259081871,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Copernicus GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,15]],"date-time":"2012-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1344988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Drink. Water Eng. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract. Water supply systems (WSSs) are vital infrastructures for the well-being of people today. To achieve good customer satisfaction the water supply service must always be able to meet people's needs, in terms of both quantity and quality. But unpredictable extreme conditions can cause severe damage to WSSs and lead to poorer levels of service or even to their failure. Operators dealing with a system's day-to-day operation know that events like burst water mains can compromise the functioning of all or part of a system. To increase a system's reliability, therefore, designs should take into account operating conditions other than normal ones. Recent approaches based on robust optimization can be used to solve optimization problems which involve uncertainty and can find designs which are able to cope with a range of operating conditions. This paper presents a robust optimization model for the optimal design of water supply systems operating under different circumstances. The model presented here uses a hydraulic simulator linked to an optimizer based on a simulated annealing heuristic. The results show that robustness can be included in several ways for varying levels reliability and that it leads to more reliable designs for only small cost increases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5194\/dwes-5-31-2012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,15]],"date-time":"2012-08-15T02:57:58Z","timestamp":1344999478000},"page":"31-37","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Robust optimization methodologies for water supply systems design"],"prefix":"10.5194","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Marques","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M. C.","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Savi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"3145","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Aarts, E. and Korst, J.: Simulated Annealing and Boltzmann Machines: A Stochastic Approach to Combinatorial Optimization and Neural Computing, Chichester, England, John Wiley &amp; Sons, 1989."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Babayan, A. V., Savic, D. A., Walters, G. A., and Kapelan, Z. S.: Robust Least-Cost Design of Water Distribution Networks Using Redundancy and Integration-Based Methodologies, J. Water Res. Pl.-ASCE, 133, 67\u201377, 2007.","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9496(2007)133:1(67)"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carr, R. D., Greenberg, H. J., Hart, W. E., Konjevod, G., Lauer, E., Lin, H., Morrison, T., and Phillips, C. A.: Robust optimization of contaminant sensor placement for community water systems, Math. Program., 107, 337\u2013356, 2006.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10107-005-0689-x"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cunha, M. C. and Sousa, J.: Water Distribution Network Design Optimization: Simulated Annealing Approach, J. Water Res. Pl.-ASCE, 125, 215\u2013221, 1999.","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9496(1999)125:4(215)"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cunha, M. C. and Sousa, J.: Hydraulic Infrastructures Design Using Simulated Annealing, J. Infrastruct. Syst., 7, 32\u201339, 2001.","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)1076-0342(2001)7:1(32)"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"Cunha, M. C. and Sousa, J.: Robust design of water distribution networks: a comparison of two different approaches, in: Proc. CCWI, Sheffield, UK, CRC Press, 181\u2013187, 2009."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cunha, M. C. and Sousa, J. J. O.: Robust Design of Water Distribution Networks for a Proactive Risk Management, J. Water Res. Pl.-ASCE, 136, 227\u2013236, 2010.","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000029"},{"key":"ref8","unstructured":"DIEDE and AIDIS: Integrated risk management to protect drinking water and sanitation services facing natural disasters, IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre, The Netherlands, thematic overview paper no 21, 54 pp., 2008."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giustolisi, O., Laucelli, D., and Colombo, A. F.: Deterministic versus Stochastic Design of Water Distribution Networks, J. Water Res. Pl.-ASCE, 135, 117\u2013127, 2009.","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9496(2009)135:2(117)"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jeong, H. S., Qiao, J., Abraham, D. M., Lawley, M., Richard, J., and Yih, Y.: Minimizing the Consequences of Intentional Attack on Water Infrastructure, Comput.-Aided Civ. Inf., 21, 79\u201392, 2006.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8667.2005.00419.x"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mulvey, J., Vanderbei, R., and Zenios, S.: Robust Optimization of Large-Scale Systems, Oper. Res., 43, 264\u2013281, 1995.","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.43.2.264"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, C. and Goulter, I. C.: Reliability-Based Optimal Design of Water Distribution Networks, J. Water Res. Pl.-ASCE, 125, 352\u2013362, 1999.","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9496(1999)125:6(352)"}],"container-title":["Drinking Water Engineering and Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dwes.copernicus.org\/articles\/5\/31\/2012\/dwes-5-31-2012.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,23]],"date-time":"2021-01-23T21:45:47Z","timestamp":1611438347000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dwes.copernicus.org\/articles\/5\/31\/2012\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,15]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/dwes-5-31-2012","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/dwesd-5-173-2012","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/dwesd-5-173-2012","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1996-9465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1996-9465","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,15]]}}}