{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T14:04:40Z","timestamp":1774879480971,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Copernicus GmbH","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]],"date-time":"2020-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/135671\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/135671\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000844","name":"European Space Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CLS-SCO-17-0034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CLS-SCO-17-0034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000844","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000844","name":"European Space Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ENVISAT 70 RA-2 Level-1B ESL"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ENVISAT 70 RA-2 Level-1B ESL"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000844","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000844","name":"European Space Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Prototype Maintenance Support, subcontract to ESA contract no. 4000110859\/14\/IAM"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Prototype Maintenance Support, subcontract to ESA contract no. 4000110859\/14\/IAM"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000844","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016996","name":"Centro Interdisciplinar de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Marinha e Ambiental","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/Multi\/04423\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/Multi\/04423\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016996","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Earth Syst. Sci. Data"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract. The accuracy of satellite radar altimetry (RA) is known\nto deteriorate towards the coastal regions due to several reasons, amongst\nwhich the improper account for the wet path delay (WPD) can be pointed out.\nThe most accurate WPDs for RA are derived from the on-board microwave\nradiometer (MWR) radiance measurements, acquired simultaneously as the\naltimeter ranges. In the coastal zone, however, the signal coming from the\nsurrounding land contaminates these measurements and the water vapour\nretrieval from the MWR fails. As meteorological models do not handle coastal\natmospheric variability correctly yet, the altimeter measurements are\nrejected whenever MWR observations are absent or invalid. The need to solve\nthis RA issue in the coastal zone, simultaneously responding to the growing\ndemand for data in these regions, motivated the development of the GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) derived Path Delay (GPD) algorithm. GPD combines WPD from several sources through objective analysis (OA) to\nestimate the WPD or the corresponding RA correction accounting for this\neffect, the wet tropospheric correction (WTC), for all along-track altimeter\npoints for which this correction has been set as invalid or is not defined.\nThe current GPD version (GPD Plus, GPD+) uses as data sources WPD from\ncoastal and island GNSS stations, from satellites carrying microwave\nradiometers, and from valid on-board MWR measurements. GPD+ has been\ntuned to be applied to all, past and operational, RA missions, with or\nwithout an on-board MWR. The long-term stability of the WTC dataset is\nensured by its inter-calibration with respect to the Special Sensor\nMicrowave Imager (SSM\/I) and SSM\/I Sounder (SSMIS). The dataset is\navailable for the TOPEX\/Poseidon (T\/P); Jason-1 and Jason-2 (NASA and CNES); Jason-3\n(NASA and EUMETSAT); ERS-1, ERS-2, Envisat and CryoSat-2 (ESA); SARAL\/AltiKa\n(ISRO and CNES); and GFO (US Navy) RA missions. The GPD+ WTC for Sentinel-3\n(ESA and EUMETSAT) shall be released soon. The present paper describes the\nGPD+ database and its assessment through statistical analyses of sea level\nanomaly (SLA) datasets, calculated with GPD+, the ECMWF Reanalysis\nInterim (ERA-Interim) model or MWR-derived WTCs. Global results, as well as\nresults for three regions (the North American and European coasts and the Indonesia\nregion), are presented for ESA's recent Envisat Full Mission\nReprocessing (FMR) V3.0. Global results show that the GPD+ WTC leads to a\nreduction in the SLA variance of 1\u20132\u2009cm2 in the coastal zones, when\nused instead of the ERA WTC, which is one of the WTCs available in these\nproducts and can be adopted when the MWR-derived WTC is absent or invalid. The\nimprovement of the GPD+ WTC over the ERA WTC is maximal over the tropical\noceans, particularly in the Pacific Ocean, showing that the model-derived\nWTC is not able to capture the full variability in the WPD field yet. The\nstatistical assessment of GPD+ for the North American coast shows a\nreduction in SLA variance, when compared to the use of the ERA-derived WTC,\nof 1.2\u2009cm2, on average, for the whole range of distances from the coast\nconsidered (0\u2013200\u2009km). Similar results are obtained for the European coasts.\nFor the Indonesia region, the use of the GPD+ WTC instead of that from ERA\nleads to an improvement, on average, on the order of 2.2\u2009cm2 for\ndistances from the coast of up to 100\u2009km. Similar results have been obtained for\nthe remaining missions, particularly for those from ESA. Additionally,\nGPD+ recovers the WTC for a significant number of along-track altimeter\npoints with missing or invalid MWR-derived WTCs, due to land, rain and ice\ncontamination and instrument malfunctioning, which otherwise would be\nrejected. Consequently, the GPD+ database has been chosen as the reference WTC\nin the Sea Level Climate Change Initiative (CCI) products; GPD+ has\nalso been adopted as the reference in CryoSat-2 Level-2 Geophysical Ocean\nProducts (GOP). Strategies to further improve the methodology, therefore\nenhancing the quality of the database, are also discussed. The GPD+\ndataset is archived on the home page of the Satellite Altimetry Group,\nUniversity of Porto, publicly available at the repository https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23831\/FCUP_UPORTO_GPDPlus_v1.0 (Fernandes et al., 2019).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-12-3205-2020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]],"date-time":"2020-12-08T04:04:18Z","timestamp":1607400258000},"page":"3205-3228","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["A coastally improved global dataset of wet tropospheric corrections for satellite altimetry"],"prefix":"10.5194","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8849-7546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara","family":"L\u00e1zaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0946-0092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Joana","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Telmo","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eliana","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"3145","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Archiving, Validation and Interpretation of Satellite Oceanographic data (AVISO): GPD+ Wet Tropospheric Correction,\navailable at: https:\/\/www.aviso.altimetry.fr\/en\/index.php?id=3415, last access: December\u00a02020."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Askne, J. and Nordius, H.: Estimation of Tropospheric Delay for Microwaves\nFrom Surface Weather Data, Radio Sci., 22, 379\u2013386, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/RS022i003p00379, 1987.","DOI":"10.1029\/RS022i003p00379"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bevis, M., Businger, S., Chiswell, S., Herring, T. 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