{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T20:46:41Z","timestamp":1776458801665,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":181,"publisher":"Copernicus GmbH","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]],"date-time":"2018-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Geosci. Model Dev."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract. An increasing number of Southern Ocean models now include Antarctic ice-shelf\ncavities, and simulate thermodynamics at the ice-shelf\/ocean interface. This\nadds another level of complexity to Southern Ocean simulations, as ice\nshelves interact directly with the ocean and indirectly with sea ice. Here,\nwe present the first model intercomparison and evaluation of present-day\nocean\/sea-ice\/ice-shelf interactions, as simulated by two models: a\ncircumpolar Antarctic configuration of MetROMS (ROMS: Regional Ocean\nModelling System coupled to CICE: Community Ice CodE) and the global model\nFESOM (Finite Element Sea-ice Ocean Model), where the latter is run at two\ndifferent levels of horizontal resolution. From a circumpolar Antarctic\nperspective, we compare and evaluate simulated ice-shelf basal melting and\nsub-ice-shelf circulation, as well as sea-ice properties and Southern Ocean\nwater mass characteristics as they influence the sub-ice-shelf processes.\nDespite their differing numerical methods, the two models produce broadly\nsimilar results and share similar biases in many cases. Both models reproduce\nmany key features of observations but struggle to reproduce others, such as\nthe high melt rates observed in the small warm-cavity ice shelves of the\nAmundsen and Bellingshausen seas. Several\ndifferences in model design show a particular influence on the simulations.\nFor example, FESOM's greater topographic smoothing can alter the geometry of\nsome ice-shelf cavities enough to affect their melt rates; this improves at\nhigher resolution, since less smoothing is required. In the interior Southern\nOcean, the vertical coordinate system affects the degree of water mass\nerosion due to spurious diapycnal mixing, with MetROMS' terrain-following\ncoordinate leading to more erosion than FESOM's z coordinate. Finally,\nincreased horizontal resolution in FESOM leads to higher basal melt rates for\nsmall ice shelves, through a combination of stronger circulation and\nsmall-scale intrusions of warm water from offshore.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-11-1257-2018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]],"date-time":"2018-04-10T08:02:00Z","timestamp":1523347320000},"page":"1257-1292","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Intercomparison of Antarctic ice-shelf, ocean, and sea-ice interactions simulated by MetROMS-iceshelf and FESOM 1.4"],"prefix":"10.5194","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9475-9162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaitlin A.","family":"Naughten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0716-7415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrin J.","family":"Meissner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1404-4103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin K.","family":"Galton-Fenzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Matthew H.","family":"England","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ralph","family":"Timmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hartmut H.","family":"Hellmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tore","family":"Hattermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jens B.","family":"Debernard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"3145","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arakawa, A. and Lamb, V.\u00a0R.: Computational design of the basic dynamical\nprocesses of the UCLA general circulation model, Methods in Computational\nPhysics: Advances in Research and Applications, 17, 173\u2013265, 1977.\u2002a","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-460817-7.50009-4"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asay-Davis, X. 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