{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T04:19:54Z","timestamp":1775017194209,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"Copernicus GmbH","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,13]],"date-time":"2018-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FZT 118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FZT 118"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006132","name":"Office of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program (DE\u2010SC0012972)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program (DE\u2010SC0012972)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006132","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009318","name":"Helmholtz Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Programme of Atmosphere and Climate (ATMO)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Programme of Atmosphere and Climate (ATMO)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009318","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEB1565046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEB1565046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009470","name":"Zoological Society of London","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009470","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Geosci. Model Dev."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract. To support the assessments of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform\non Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), the IPBES Expert Group on\nScenarios and Models is carrying out an intercomparison of biodiversity and\necosystem services models using harmonized scenarios (BES-SIM). The goals of\nBES-SIM are (1)\u00a0to project the global impacts of land-use and climate change\non biodiversity and ecosystem services (i.e., nature's contributions to\npeople) over the coming decades, compared to the 20th century, using a set of\ncommon metrics at multiple scales, and (2)\u00a0to identify model uncertainties\nand research gaps through the comparisons of projected biodiversity and\necosystem services across models. BES-SIM uses three scenarios combining\nspecific Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) and Representative\nConcentration Pathways (RCPs) \u2013 SSP1xRCP2.6, SSP3xRCP6.0, SSP5xRCP8.6 \u2013 to\nexplore a wide range of land-use change and climate change futures. This\npaper describes the rationale for scenario selection, the process of\nharmonizing input data for land use, based on the second phase of the Land\nUse Harmonization Project (LUH2), and climate, the biodiversity and ecosystem\nservices models used, the core simulations carried out, the harmonization of\nthe model output metrics, and the treatment of uncertainty. The results of\nthis collaborative modeling project will support the ongoing global\nassessment of IPBES, strengthen ties between IPBES and the Intergovernmental\nPanel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenarios and modeling processes, advise the\nConvention on Biological Diversity (CBD) on its development of a post-2020\nstrategic plans and conservation goals, and inform the development of a new\ngeneration of nature-centred scenarios.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-11-4537-2018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,13]],"date-time":"2018-11-13T04:01:02Z","timestamp":1542081662000},"page":"4537-4562","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["A protocol for an intercomparison of biodiversity and ecosystem services models using harmonized land-use and climate scenarios"],"prefix":"10.5194","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"HyeJin","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Isabel M. 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L.","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Akiko","family":"Hirata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8907-6682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Hoskins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jan H.","family":"Janse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Jetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Justin A.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3345-2989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Krause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8658-1509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Lecl\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ines S.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Matsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cory","family":"Merow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Obersteiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Haruka","family":"Ohashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9493-8600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Poulter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8609-6204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andy","family":"Purvis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Quesada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Rondinini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Aafke M.","family":"Schipper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Sharp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Wilfried","family":"Thuiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Titeux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Piero","family":"Visconti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Ware","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1043-1675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrique M.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"3145","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aguirre-Guti\u00e9rrez, J., Carvalheiro, L. 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