{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T06:44:13Z","timestamp":1772261053191,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Copernicus GmbH","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]],"date-time":"2022-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Geosci. Model Dev."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract. In the context of the first phase of the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment in the European domain (EURO-CORDEX) flagship plot\nstudy on Land Use and Climate Across Scales (LUCAS), we investigate the\nbiophysical impact of afforestation on the seasonal cycle of soil\ntemperature over the European continent with an ensemble of 10 regional\nclimate models. For this purpose, each ensemble member performed two\nidealized land cover experiments in which Europe is covered either by\nforests or grasslands. The multi-model mean exhibits a reduction of the\nannual amplitude of soil temperature (AAST) due to afforestation over all\nEuropean regions, although this is not a robust feature among the models. In the\nMediterranean, the spread of simulated AAST response to afforestation is\nbetween \u22124 and +2\u2009\u2218C at 1\u2009m below the ground, while in\nScandinavia the inter-model spread ranges from \u22127 to +1\u2009\u2218C.\nWe show that the large range in the simulated AAST response is due to the\nrepresentation of the summertime climate processes and is largely explained\nby inter-model differences in leaf area index (LAI), surface albedo, cloud\nfraction and soil moisture, when all combined into a multiple linear\nregression. The changes in these drivers essentially determine the ratio\nbetween the increased radiative energy at surface (due to lower albedo in\nforests) and the increased sum of turbulent heat fluxes (due to\nmixing-facilitating characteristics of forests), and consequently decide the\nchanges in soil heating with afforestation in each model. Finally, we pair\nFLUXNET sites to compare the simulated results with observation-based\nevidence of the impact of forest on soil temperature. In line with models,\nobservations indicate a summer ground cooling in forested areas compared to\nopen lands. The vast majority of models agree with the sign of the observed\nreduction in AAST, although with a large variation in the magnitude of\nchanges. Overall, we aspire to emphasize the biophysical effects of\nafforestation on soil temperature profile with this study, given that\nchanges in the seasonal cycle of soil temperature potentially perturb\ncrucial biochemical processes. Robust knowledge on biophysical impacts of\nafforestation on soil conditions and its feedbacks on local and regional\nclimate is needed in support of effective land-based climate mitigation and\nadaption policies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-15-595-2022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]],"date-time":"2022-01-25T12:40:27Z","timestamp":1643114427000},"page":"595-616","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Afforestation impact on soil temperature in regional climate model simulations over Europe"],"prefix":"10.5194","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3360-0240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giannis","family":"Sofiadis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0863-3411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleni","family":"Katragkou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3322-9330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edouard L.","family":"Davin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Rechid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"de Noblet-Ducoudre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Breil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0259-6827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita M.","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5192-4858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0130-9600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Jach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0200-6150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronny","family":"Meier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5921-3105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priscilla A.","family":"Mooney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9155-5874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro M. M.","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7061-6263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanna","family":"Strada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1958-2795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Merja H.","family":"T\u00f6lle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kirsten","family":"Warrach Sagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"3145","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Belu\u0161i\u0107, D., Fuentes-Franco, R., Strandberg, G., and Jukimenko, A.:\nAfforestation reduces cyclone intensity and precipitation extremes over\nEurope, Environ. Res. Lett., 14, 074009,\nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/ab23b2, 2019.","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ab23b2"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Betts, R. 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