{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T08:29:53Z","timestamp":1768638593215,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Copernicus GmbH","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,12]],"date-time":"2019-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562889600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011102","name":"Seventh Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011102","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Micropalaeontol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract. Stable oxygen isotopes (\u03b418O) of planktonic foraminifera are one of the most used tools to reconstruct environmental conditions of the water column. Since different species live and calcify at different depths in the water column, the \u03b418O of sedimentary foraminifera reflects to a large degree the vertical habitat and interspecies \u03b418O differences and can thus potentially provide information on the vertical structure of the water column. However, to fully unlock the potential of foraminifera as recorders of past surface water properties, it is necessary to understand how and under what conditions the environmental signal is incorporated into the calcite shells of individual species. Deep-dwelling species play a particularly important role in this context since their calcification depth reaches below the surface mixed layer. Here we report \u03b418O measurements made on four deep-dwelling Globorotalia species collected with stratified plankton tows in the eastern North Atlantic. Size and crust effects on the \u03b418O signal were evaluated showing that a larger size increases the \u03b418O of G. inflata and G. hirsuta, and a crust effect is reflected in a higher \u03b418O signal in G. truncatulinoides. The great majority of the \u03b418O values can be explained without invoking disequilibrium calcification. When interpreted in this way the data imply depth-integrated calcification with progressive addition of calcite with depth to about 300\u2009m for G. inflata and to about 500\u2009m for G. hirsuta. In G. scitula, despite a strong subsurface maximum in abundance, the vertical \u03b418O profile is flat and appears dominated by a surface layer signal. In G. truncatulinoides, the \u03b418O profile follows equilibrium for each depth, implying a constant habitat during growth at each depth layer. The \u03b418O values are more consistent with the predictions of the Shackleton\u00a0(1974) palaeotemperature equation, except in G. scitula which shows values more consistent with the Kim and O'Neil\u00a0(1997) prediction. In all cases, we observe a difference between the level where most of the specimens were present and the depth where most of their shell appears to calcify.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5194\/jm-38-113-2019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,12]],"date-time":"2019-07-12T13:09:27Z","timestamp":1562936967000},"page":"113-131","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Calcification depth of deep-dwelling planktonic foraminifera from the eastern North Atlantic constrained by stable oxygen isotope ratios of shells from stratified plankton tows"],"prefix":"10.5194","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Andreia","family":"Rebotim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6465-6023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antje Helga Luise","family":"Voelker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0253-2639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukas","family":"Jonkers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joanna J.","family":"Waniek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7817-9018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michal","family":"Kucera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"3145","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alves, M., Gaillard, F., Sparrow, M., Knoll, M., and Giraud, S.: Circulation patterns and transport of the Azores Front-Current system, Deep-Sea Res. 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