{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T07:01:29Z","timestamp":1772262089192,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Copernicus GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,29]],"date-time":"2021-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract. The Azores are an active volcanic region that offers\nexceptional conditions for nature-based tourism, one of the main axes of\neconomic growth in the archipelago. A future volcanic eruption may have\nlong-term consequences to this economic sector. Therefore, it is fundamental\nto assess its vulnerability to volcanic hazards in order to try to mitigate\nthe associated risk. This study proposes a new approach to assessing the\neconomic impact of explosive eruptions on the tourism sector. We considered\ntwo eruptive scenarios for Fogo volcano (S\u00e3o Miguel Island), the most\nprobable (Volcanic Explosivity Index, VEI, 4 sub-Plinian eruption) and the worst-case (VEI 5 Plinian\neruption), both producing tephra fallout and pyroclastic density currents.\nThe results of numerical simulations were overlaid with tourism-related\nbuildings and infrastructure of Vila Franca do Campo municipality to\nidentify the elements at risk. The loss present value method was used to\nestimate the benefits generated by the accommodation units over 30\u00a0years for\ndifferent economic scenarios. The assessment of the economic impact using\n2018 indicators reveals that in a near-total-destruction scenario, the\neconomic loss is approximately EUR\u2009145\u00a0million (considering a 2\u2009%\ndiscount rate). This approach can also be applied to other volcanic regions,\ngeologic hazards and economic sectors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5194\/nhess-21-417-2021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,29]],"date-time":"2021-01-29T03:37:11Z","timestamp":1611891431000},"page":"417-437","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Assessing the impact of explosive eruptions of Fogo volcano (S\u00e3o Miguel, Azores) on the tourism economy"],"prefix":"10.5194","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Joana","family":"Medeiros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6901-3326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Carmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6954-387X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriano","family":"Pimentel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Cabral","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Queiroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"3145","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Aguiar, S.: Contribui\u00e7\u00e3o para o estudo da estratigrafia dos\nvulc\u00f5es Fogo e Furnas (S. 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