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Hazards Earth Syst. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract. The July\u00a02021 flood in central Europe was one of the five costliest disasters in Europe in the last half century, with an estimated total damage of EUR\u200932\u00a0billion. The aim of this study is to analyze and assess the flood within an interdisciplinary approach along its entire process chain: the synoptic setting of the atmospheric pressure fields, the processes causing the high rainfall totals, the extraordinary streamflows and water levels in the affected catchments, the hydro-morphological effects, and the impacts on infrastructure and society. In addition, we address the question of what measures are possible to generate added value to early response management in the immediate aftermath of a disaster. The superposition of several factors resulted in widespread extreme precipitation totals and water levels well beyond a 100-year event: slow propagation of the low pressure system Bernd, convection embedded in a mesoscale precipitation field, unusually moist air masses associated with a significant positive anomaly in sea surface temperature over the Baltic Sea, wet soils, and steep terrain in the affected catchments.\nVarious hydro-morphodynamic processes as well as changes in valley morphology observed during the event exacerbated the impact of the flood. Relevant effects included, among many others, the occurrence of extreme landscape erosion, rapidly evolving erosion and scour processes in the channel network and urban space, recruitment of debris from the natural and urban landscape, and deposition and clogging of bottlenecks in the channel network with eventual collapse. The estimation of inundation areas as well as the derived damage assessments were carried out during or directly after the flood and show the potential of near-real-time forensic disaster analyses for crisis management, emergency personnel on-site, and the provision of relief supplies. This study is part one of a two-paper series. The second part (Ludwig et\u00a0al.,\u00a02022) puts the July\u00a02021 flood into a historical context and into the context of climate change.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5194\/nhess-23-525-2023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T09:05:27Z","timestamp":1675674327000},"page":"525-551","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":119,"title":["A multi-disciplinary analysis of the exceptional  flood event of July\u00a02021 in central Europe  \u2013 Part\u00a01: Event description and analysis"],"prefix":"10.5194","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3556-7299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanna","family":"Mohr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3454-8755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uwe","family":"Ehret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0202-9558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Kunz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3655-7890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Ludwig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2224-4228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Caldas-Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2157-6431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James E.","family":"Daniell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4230-9295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Ehmele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6987-7351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hendrik","family":"Feldmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0265-8581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rio J.","family":"Franca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Gattke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5400-3088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie","family":"Hundhausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9856-619X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Knippertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3986-6840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharina","family":"K\u00fcpfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"M\u00fchr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8865-1769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaquim G.","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8409-2541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julian","family":"Quinting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8834-7847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas M.","family":"Sch\u00e4fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Scheibel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Seidel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3956-3156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Wisotzky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"3145","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aerts, J. 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