{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T07:04:26Z","timestamp":1772262266344,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Copernicus GmbH","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019181","name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias do Mar","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04326\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04326\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019181","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003207","name":"Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ISOARC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ISOARC"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003207","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ocean Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract. We illustrate offsets in surface seawater isotopic composition between recent public datasets from the Atlantic Ocean and the subtropical southeastern Indian Ocean. The observed offsets between datasets often exceed 0.10\u2009\u2030 in \u03b418O and 0.50\u2009\u2030 in \u03b42H. They might in part originate from different sampling of seasonal, interannual, or spatial variability. However, they likely mostly originate from different instrumentations and protocols used to measure the water samples. Estimation of the systematic offsets is required before merging the different datasets in order to investigate the spatiotemporal variability of isotopic composition in the world ocean surface waters. This highlights the need to actively share seawater isotopic composition samples dedicated to specific intercomparison of data produced in different laboratories and to promote best practices, a task to be addressed by the new Scientific Committee of Oceanic Research (SCOR) working group\u00a0171.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5194\/os-21-567-2025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T00:32:31Z","timestamp":1741307551000},"page":"567-575","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Technical note: Large offsets between different datasets  of seawater isotopic composition \u2013 an illustration  of the need to reinforce intercalibration efforts"],"prefix":"10.5194","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5583-8236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilles","family":"Reverdin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7256-5727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire","family":"Waelbroeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6465-6023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antje H. L.","family":"Voelker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4129-4706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanno","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"3145","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akhoudas, C. H., Sall\u00e9e, J.-B., Haumann, F. A., Meredith, M. P., Garabato, A. N., Reverdin, G., Jullion, L., Aloisi, G., Benetti, M., Leng, M. J., and Arrowsmith, C.: Ventilation of the abyss in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean, Nature Scientific Reports, 11, 16733, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-95949-w, 2021.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-86043-2"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aoki, S., Kobayashi, R., Rintoul, S. R., Tamura, T., and Kusahara, K.: Changes in water properties and flow regime on the continental shelf off the Ad\u00e9lie\/George\u00a0V Land coast, East Antarctica, after glacier tongue calving, J.\u00a0Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 122, 6277\u20136294, 2017.","DOI":"10.1002\/2017JC012925"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Atwood, A. R., Moore, A. L., Long, S., Pauly, R., DeLong, K., Wagner, A., and Hargreaves, J. A.: The CoralHydro2k Seawater \u03b418O Database, Past Global Changes Magazine, 32, 59, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22498\/pages.32.1.59, 2024.","DOI":"10.22498\/pages.32.1.59"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Becker, M., Andersen, N., Erlenkeuser, H., Humphreys, M. P., Tanhua, T., and K\u00f6rtzinger, A.: An internally consistent dataset of \u03b413C-DIC in the North Atlantic Ocean\u00a0\u2013 NAC13v1, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 559\u2013570, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/essd-8-559-2016, 2016.","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-8-559-2016"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benetti, M., Reverdin, G., Aloisi, G., and Sveinbj\u00f6rnsd\u00f3ttir, A.: Stable isotopes in surface waters of the Atlantic Ocean: indicators of ocean\u2013atmosphere water fluxes and oceanic mixing processes, J.\u00a0Geophys. Res.\u00a0Oceans, 122, 4723\u20134742, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/2017JC012712, 2017a.","DOI":"10.1002\/2017JC012712"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benetti, M., Sveinbj\u00f6rnsd\u00f3ttir, A. E., \u00d3lafsd\u00f3ttir, R., Leng, M. J., Arrowsmith, C., Debondt, K., Fripiat, F., and Aloisi, G.: Inter-comparison of salt effect correction for \u03b418O and \u03b42H measurements in seawater by CRDS and IRMS using the gas-H2O equilibration method, Mar. Chem., 194, 114\u2013123, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.marchem.2017.05.010, 2017b.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marchem.2017.05.010"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Biddle, L. C., Loose, B., and Heywood, K. J.: Upper ocean distribution of glacial meltwater in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica, J.\u00a0Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 124, 6854\u20136870, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2019JC015133, 2019.","DOI":"10.1029\/2019JC015133"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonne, J.-L., Behrens, M. Meyer, H., Kipfstuhl, S., Rabe, B., Sch\u00f6nicke, L., Steen-Larsen, H. C., and Werner, M.: Resolving the controls of water vapour isotopes in the Atlantic sector. Nature Comm., 10, 1632, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-019-09242-6, 2019.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09242-6"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boutin, J., Chao, Y., Asher, W. E., Delcroix, T., Drucker, D., Drushka, K., Kolodzieczyk, N., Lee, T., Reul, N., Reverdin, G., Schanze, J., Soloviev, A., Yu, L., Anderson, J., Brucker, L., Dinnat, E., Santos-Garcia, A., Jones, W. I., Maes, C., Meissner, T., Tang, W., Vinagradova, N., and Ward, B.: Satellite and In Situ Salinity: Understanding Near-Surface Stratification and Subfootprint Variability, B.\u00a0Am. Meteorol. Soc., 97, 1391\u20131407, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175\/BAMS-D-15-00032.1, 2016.","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-D-15-00032.1"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brady, E., Stevenson, S., Bailey, D., Liu, Z., Noone, D., Nusbaumer, J., Otto-Bliesner, B. L., Tabor, C., Thomas, R., Wong, T., Zhang, J., and Zhu, J.: The connected isotopic water cycle in the Community Earth System Model Version\u00a01, J.\u00a0Adv. Model. Earth Sy., 11, 8, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2019MS001663, 2019.","DOI":"10.1029\/2019MS001663"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cauquoin, A., Werner, M., and Lohmann, G.: Water isotopes\u00a0\u2013 climate relationships for the mid-Holocene and preindustrial period simulated with an isotope-enabled version of MPI-ESM, Clim. Past, 15, 1913\u20131937, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/cp-15-1913-2019, 2019.","DOI":"10.5194\/cp-15-1913-2019"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng, L., Normandeau, C., Bowden, R., Doucett, R., Gallagher, B., Gillikin, D. P., Kumamoto, Y., McKay, J. L., Middlestead, P., Ninnemann, U., Nothaft, D., Dubinina, E. O., Quay, P., Reverdin, G., Shirai, K., M\u00f8rkved, P. T., Theiling, B. P., van Geldern, R., and Wallace, D. W. R.: An international intercomparison of stable carbon isotope composition measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon in seawater, Limnol. Oceanogr.-Meth., 17, 200\u2013209, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lom3.10300, 2019.","DOI":"10.1002\/lom3.10300"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Conroy, J. L., Cobb, K. M., Lynch-Stieglitz, J., and Polissar, P. J.: Constraints on the salinity-oxygen isotopes relationship in the central tropical Pacific Ocean, Mar. Chem., 161, 26\u201333, 2014.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marchem.2014.02.001"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Conroy, J. L., Thompson, D. M., Cobb, K. M., Noone, D., Rea, S., and LeGrande, A. N.: Spatiotemporal variability in the \u03b418O-salinity relationship of seawater across the tropical Pacific, Paleoceanography, 32, 484\u2013497, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/2016PA003073, 2017.","DOI":"10.1002\/2016PA003073"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Glaubke, R. H., Wagner, A., and Sikes, E. L.: Characterizing the stable oxygen isotopic composition of the southeast Indian Ocean, Mar. Chem., 262, 177\u2013185, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.marchem.2024.104397, 2024.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marchem.2024.104397"},{"key":"ref16","unstructured":"Haumann, F. A., Leonard, K., Bud\u00e9us, G., Meredith, M. P., Gorodetskaya, I. V., Hutchings, J., Stammerjohn, S., Tsukernik, M., and Thomas, J.: Seawater stable isotope sample measurements from the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition\u00a0(ACE)\u00a0(Version\u00a01.0) [Data set], Zenodo [data set], https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.1494915, 2019."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hennig, A. N., Mucciarone, D. A., Jacobs, S. S., Mortlock, R. A., and Dunbar, R. B.: Meteoric water and glacial melt in the southeastern Amundsen Sea: a time series from 1994 to 2020, The Cryosphere, 18, 791\u2013818, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/tc-18-791-2024, 2024.","DOI":"10.5194\/tc-18-791-2024"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hilaire-Marcel, C., Kim, S. T., Landais, A., Ghosh, P., Assonov, S., L\u00e9cuyer, C., Blanchard, M., Meijer, H. A., and Steen-Larsen, H. C.: A stable isotope toolbox for water and inorganic carbon cycle studies, Nature Reviews Earth &amp;amp; Environment, 2, 699\u2013719, 2021.","DOI":"10.1038\/s43017-021-00209-0"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karr, J. D. and Showers, W. J.: Stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopic tracers in Amazon shelf waters during AmassedsTraceurs isotopiques de l'oxyg\u00e8ne stable et de l'hydrog\u00e8ne dans les eaux c\u00f4ti\u00e8res amazonienne durant le programme Ammaseds, Oceanol. Ac., 25, 71\u201378, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0399-1784(02)01183-0, 2002.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0399-1784(02)01183-0"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, Y., Rho, T., and Kang, D.-J.: Oxygen isotope composition of seawater and salinity in the western Indian Ocean: Implications for water mass mixing, Mar. Chem. 237, 104035, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.marchem.2021.104035, 2021.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marchem.2021.104035"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Konecky, B. L., McKay, N. P., Churakova (Sidorova), O. V., Comas-Bru, L., Dassi\u00e9, E. P., DeLong, K. L., Falster, G. M., Fischer, M. J., Jones, M. D., Jonkers, L., Kaufman, D. S., Leduc, G., Managave, S. R., Martrat, B., Opel, T., Orsi, A. J., Partin, J. W., Sayani, H. R., Thomas, E. K., Thompson, D. M., Tyler, J. J., Abram, N. J., Atwood, A. R., Cartapanis, O., Conroy, J. L., Curran, M. A., Dee, S. G., Deininger, M., Divine, D. V., Kern, Z., Porter, T. J., Stevenson, S. L., von Gunten, L., and Iso2k Project Members: The Iso2k database: a global compilation of paleo-\u03b418O and \u03b42H records to aid understanding of Common Era climate, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2261\u20132288, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/essd-12-2261-2020, 2020.","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-12-2261-2020"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kubota, K., Sakai, K., Ohkushi, K., Higuchi, T., Shirai, K., and Minami, M.: Salinity, oxygen isotope, hydrogen isotope, and radiocarbon of coastal seawater of North Japan, Geochemic. J., 56, 240\u2013249, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2343\/geochemj.GJ22021, 2022.","DOI":"10.2343\/geochemj.GJ22021"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lao, Q., Lu, X.. Chen, F., Jin. G., Chen, C., Zhou, X., and Zhu. Q: Effects of upwelling and runoff on water mass mixing and nutrient supply induced by typhoons: Insight from dual water isotopes tracing, Limnol. Oceanogr., 68, 284\u2013295, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lno.12266, 2022.","DOI":"10.1002\/lno.12266"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LeGrande, A. N. and Schmidt, G. A.: Global gridded data set of the oxygen isotopic composition in seawater, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L12604, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2006gl026011, 2006.","DOI":"10.1029\/2006GL026011"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oppo, D. W., Schmidt, G. A., and LeGrande, A. N.: Seawater isotope constraints on tropical hydrology during the Holocene, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L13701, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2007GL030017, 2007.","DOI":"10.1029\/2007GL030017"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prasanna, K., Ghosh, P., and Kumar, N. A.: Stable isotopic signature of Southern Ocean deep water CO2 ventilation, Deep-Sea Res. Pt.\u00a0II, 118, 177\u2013185, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dsr2.2015.04.009, 2015.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsr2.2015.04.009"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Randall-Goodwin, E., Meredith, M. P., Jenkins, A., Yager, P. L., Sherrell, R. M., Abrahamsen, E. P., Guerrero, R., Yuan, X., Mortlock, R. A., Gavahan, K., Alderkamp, A.-C., Ducklow, H., Robertson, R., and Stammerjohn, S. E.: Freshwater distributions and water mass structure in the Amundsen Sea polynya region, Antarctica, Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, 3, 000065, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12952\/journal.elementa.000065, 2015.","DOI":"10.12952\/journal.elementa.000065"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reverdin, G., Waelbroeck, C., Pierre, C., Akhoudas, C., Aloisi, G., Benetti, M., Bourl\u00e8s, B., Danielsen, M., Demange, J., Diverr\u00e8s, D., Gascard, J.-C., Houssais, M.-N., Le Goff, H., Lherminier, P., Lo Monaco, C., Mercier, H., Metzl, N., Morisset, S., Naamar, A., Reynaud, T., Sall\u00e9e, J.-B., Thierry, V., Hartman, S. E&lt;span id=&quot;page575&quot;\/&gt;., Mawji, E. W., Olafsdottir, S., Kanzow, T., Velo, A., Voelker, A., Yashayaev, I., Haumann, F. A., Leng, M. J., Arrowsmith, C., and Meredith, M.: The CISE-LOCEAN seawater isotopic database (1998\u20132021), Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2721\u20132735, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/essd-14-2721-2022, 2022.","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-14-2721-2022"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Richardson, L. E., Middleton, J. F., Kyser, T. K., James, N. P., and Opdyke, B. N.: Shallow water masses and their connectivity along the southern Australian continental margin, Deep-Sea Res. Pt.\u00a0I, 152, 103083, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dsr.2019.103083, 2019.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsr.2019.103083"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmidt, G. A., LeGrande, A. N., and Hoffmann, G.: Water isotope expressions of intrinsic and forced variability in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model, J.\u00a0Geophys. Res., 112, D10103, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2006jd007781, 2007.","DOI":"10.1029\/2006JD007781"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Voelker, A., Colman, A., Olack, G., Waniek, J. J., and Hodell, D.: Oxygen and hydrogen isotope signatures of Northeast Atlantic water masses, Deep-Sea Res. Pt.\u00a0II, 116, 89\u2013106, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dsr2.2014.11.006, 2015.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsr2.2014.11.006"},{"key":"ref32","unstructured":"Voelker, A. H.: Seawater oxygen and hydrogen stable isotope data from the upper water column in the North Atlantic Ocean (unpublished data), IEDA \u2013 Interdisciplinary Earth Data Alliance, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26022\/IEDA\/112743, 2017."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walker, S. A., Azetsu-Scott, K., Normandeau, C., Kelly, D. E., Friedrich, R., Newton, R., Schlosser, P., McKay, J. L. Abdi, W., Kerrigan, E., Craig, S. E., and Wallace, D. W. R.: Oxygen isotope measurement of seawater (H218O\/H216O). A comparison of cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), Limnol. Oceanogr.-Meth, 14, 31\u201338, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lom3.10067, 2016.","DOI":"10.1002\/lom3.10067"},{"key":"ref34","unstructured":"Waterisotopes-CISE-LOCEAN: Water isotopes of sea water analyzed since\u00a01998 at LOCEAN, (version Wisotopes-V4), Seanoe [data set], https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17882\/71186, 2024."}],"container-title":["Ocean Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/os.copernicus.org\/articles\/21\/567\/2025\/os-21-567-2025.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T00:32:44Z","timestamp":1741307564000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/os.copernicus.org\/articles\/21\/567\/2025\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/os-21-567-2025","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/egusphere-2024-3009","asserted-by":"subject"}],"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/egusphere-2024-3009-RC1","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/egusphere-2024-3009-AC1","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/egusphere-2024-3009-RC2","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/egusphere-2024-3009-AC1","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/egusphere-2024-3009-EC1","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/egusphere-2024-3009-AC2","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/egusphere-2024-3009-RC2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/egusphere-2024-3009-EC1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/egusphere-2024-3009-RC1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/egusphere-2024-3009-AC2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/egusphere-2024-3009-AC1","asserted-by":"object"}],"is-part-of":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.17882\/71186","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["1812-0792"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1812-0792","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]]}}}