{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,3]],"date-time":"2023-09-03T04:50:44Z","timestamp":1693716644922},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Copernicus GmbH","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,12]],"date-time":"2015-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1434067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Proc. IAHS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract. This paper has the goal of evaluating monotonic trends in the Xingu and Tapaj\u00f3s river basins in the Austral Amazon region, Brazil. Non-parametric statistical tests such as Mann\u2013Kendall, Bootstrap Mann\u2013Kendall, Sen and Bootstrap Sen are applied on streamflow gauging stations data, to determine the significance and magnitude of possible trends. Data in these river basins is relatively scarce, with time series ranging from twenty to forty years, having many gaps. Former studies indicate a decreasing trend for both annual average and minimum streamflow values in the Tapaj\u00f3s river basin, with 99% confidence level, and a decrease in maximum values in the Xingu river basin, with 90% confidence level. However, past analyses have only used one station near the basin outlet. This study uses data from 7 gauging stations in the Xingu basin and 14 stations in the Tapaj\u00f3s basin. Results indicate opposite trends at the 95% confidence level for different regions in the basins, and for different flow regimes. For the Xingu river basin, trends in the minimum flow for different sub-basins even out at the Altamira station, near its outlet. For the Tapaj\u00f3s river, the southeastern part of the basin has increasing trends, while the southwestern part decreases. At the Itaituba station, they also balance out.\n                    <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5194\/piahs-371-125-2015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,12]],"date-time":"2015-06-12T10:23:02Z","timestamp":1434104582000},"page":"125-130","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluation of monotonic trends for streamflow in austral Amazon, Brazil: a case study for the Xingu and Tapaj\u00f3s rivers"],"prefix":"10.5194","volume":"371","author":[{"given":"L. Z.","family":"Moura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"3145","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"ANA, A. N. de \u00c1.: Hidroweb \u2013 Sistema de informa\u00e7\u00f5es Hidrol\u00f3gicas, available at: http:\/\/hidroweb.ana.gov.br\/, last access: 1 January 2014."},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"ANEEL \u2013 Ag\u00eancia nacional de energia and el\u00e9trica: Despacho No. 2.756, available at: http:\/\/www.aneel.gov.br\/cedoc\/dsp20082756.pdf (last access: 11 November 2014), 2008."},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"ANEEL \u2013 Ag\u00eancia nacional de energia and el\u00e9trica: Despacho No. 1.887, available at: http:\/\/www.aneel.gov.br\/cedoc\/dsp20091887.pdf (last access: 11 November 2014), 2009."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davidson, E. A., de Ara\u00fajo, A. C., Artaxo, P., Balch, J. K., Brown, I. F., C. Bustamante, M. M., Coe, M. T., DeFries, R. S., Keller, M., Longo, M., Munger, J. W., Schroeder, W., Soares-Filho, B. S., Souza, C. M., and Wofsy, S. C.: The Amazon basin in transition, Nature, 481, 321\u2013328, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature10717, 2012.","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10717"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Espinoza Villar, J. C., Guyot, J. L., Ronchail, J., Cochonneau, G., Filizola, N., Fraizy, P., Labat, D., de Oliveira, E., Ordo\u00f1ez, J. J., and Vauchel, P.: Contrasting regional discharge evolutions in the Amazon basin (1974\u20132004), J. Hydrol., 375, 297\u2013311, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2009.03.004, 2009.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2009.03.004"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"Naghettini, M. and Pinto, \u00c9. J. de A.: Hidrologia estat\u00edstica, CPRM, Belo Horizonte, Brasil, 2007."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sen, P. K.: Estimates of the Regression Coefficient Based on Kendall's Tau, J. Am. Stat. Assoc., 63, 1379, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2285891, 1968.","DOI":"10.2307\/2285891"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Serinaldi, F. and Kilsby, C. G.: Stationarity is undead: Uncertainty dominates the distribution of extremes, Adv. Water Resour., 77, 17\u201336, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.advwatres.2014.12.013, 2015.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advwatres.2014.12.013"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soito, J. L. da S. and Freitas, M. A. V.: Amazon and the expansion of hydropower in Brazil: Vulnerability, impacts and possibilities for adaptation to global climate change, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 15, 3165\u20133177, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rser.2011.04.006, 2011.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2011.04.006"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yue, S. and Pilon, P.: A comparison of the power of the t test, Mann\u2013Kendall and bootstrap tests for trend detection\/Une comparaison de la puissance des tests t de Student, de Mann\u2013Kendall et du bootstrap pour la d\u00e9tection de tendance, Hydrolog. Sci. J., 49, 21\u201337, 2004.","DOI":"10.1623\/hysj.49.1.21.53996"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yue, S., Pilon, P., and Cavadias, G.: Power of the Mann\u2013Kendall and Spearman's rho tests for detecting monotonic trends in hydrological series, J. 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