{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T07:06:55Z","timestamp":1772262415767,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Copernicus GmbH","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,17]],"date-time":"2015-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1434499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SOIL"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abstract. Precision agriculture is a useful tool to assess plant growth and development in vineyards. The present study focused on spatial and temporal analysis of vegetation growth variability, in four irrigation treatments with four replicates. The research was carried out in a vineyard located in the southwest of Spain during the 2012 and 2013 growing seasons. Two multispectral sensors mounted on an all-terrain vehicle (ATV) were used in the different growing seasons\/stages in order to calculate the vineyard normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) was also measured up to 0.8 m soil depth using an on-the-go geophysical sensor. All measured data were analysed by means of principal component analysis (PCA). The spatial and temporal NDVI and ECa variations showed relevant differences between irrigation treatments and climatological conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.5194\/soil-1-459-2015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,17]],"date-time":"2015-06-17T02:30:51Z","timestamp":1434508251000},"page":"459-473","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Evaluation of vineyard growth under four irrigation regimes using vegetation and soil on-the-go sensors"],"prefix":"10.5194","volume":"1","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5386-1523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. M.","family":"Terr\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F. J.","family":"Moral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L. A.","family":"Mancha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Uriarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J. R.","family":"Marques da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"3145","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baret, F. and Guyot, G.: Potentials and limits of vegetation indices for LAI and APAR assessment, Remote Sens. Environ., 35, 161\u2013173, 1991.","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-4257(91)90009-U"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"Blanco, J., Terr\u00f3n, J. M., P\u00e9rez, F. J., Galea, F., Salgado, J. A., Moral, F. J., Marques da Silva, J. R., and Silva, L. L.: Variabilidad espacial y temporal del vigor vegetativo en vi\u00f1edo sin restricciones h\u00eddricas en la demanda evapotranspirativa, VII Congreso Ib\u00e9rico de Agroingenier\u00eda y Ciencias Hort\u00edcolas, Madrid, 2012."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bravdo, B. and Hepner, Y.: Irrigation management and fertigation to optimize grape composition and vine performance, Symposium on Grapevine Canopy and Vigor Management, XXII IHC 206, 49\u201368, 1986","DOI":"10.17660\/ActaHortic.1987.206.3"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carbonneau, A.: General relationship within the whole-plant: examples of the influence of vigour status, crop load and canopy exposure on the sink &quot;berry maturation&quot; for the grapevine, Strategies to Optimize Wine Grape Quality 427, 99\u2013118, 1995.","DOI":"10.17660\/ActaHortic.1996.427.13"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cortell, J. M., Halbleib, M., Gallagher, A. V., Righetti, T. L., and Kennedy, J. A.: Influence of Vine Vigor on Grape (Vitis vinifera L. Cv. Pinot Noir) and Wine Proanthocyanidins, J. Agr. Food Chem., 53, 5798\u20135808, 2005.","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0504770"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corwin, D. and Lesch, S.: Application of soil electrical conductivity to precision agriculture, Agron. J., 95, 455\u2013471, 2003.","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj2003.4550"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deloire, A., Vaudour, E., Carey, V., Bonnardot, V., and van Leeuwen, C.: Grapevine responses to terroir: a global approach, J. Int. Sci. Vigne Vin, 39, 149\u2013162, 2005.","DOI":"10.20870\/oeno-one.2005.39.4.888"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dobrowski, S. Z., Ustin, S. L., and Wolpert, J. A.: Remote estimation of vine canopy density in vertically shoot-positioned vineyards: determining optimal vegetation indices, Aust. J. Grape Wine R., 8, 117\u2013125, 2002.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0238.2002.tb00220.x"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dry, P. R.: Canopy management for fruitfulness, Aust. J. Grape Wine R., 6, 109\u2013115, 2000.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0238.2000.tb00168.x"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fortes, R., Prieto, M., Terron, J., Blanco, J., Millan, S., and Campillo, C.: Using apparent electric conductivity and NDVI measurements for yield estimation of processing tomato crop, T. ASABE, 57, 827\u2013835, 2014.","DOI":"10.13031\/trans.57.10456"},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"Gitelson, A. A. and Merzlyak, M. N.: Non-Destructive Assessment of Chlorophyll Carotenoid and Anthocyanin Content in Higher Plant Leaves: Principles and Algorithms, in: Remote Sensing for Agriculture and the Environment, edited by: Stamatiadis, S., Lynch, J. M., and Schepers, J. S., Ella, Greece, 78\u201394, 2004."},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hall, A., Lamb, D. W., Holzapfel, B., and Louis, J.: Optical remote sensing applications in viticulture \u2013 a review, Aust. J. Grape Wine R., 8, 36\u201347, 2002.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0238.2002.tb00209.x"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hall, A., Louis, J., and Lamb, D. W.: Low-resolution remotely sensed images of winegrape vineyards map spatial variability in planimetric canopy area instead of leaf area index, Aust. J. Grape Wine R., 14, 9\u201317, 2008.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0238.2008.00002.x"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Howell, G. S.: Sustainable grape productivity and the growth-yield relationship: A review, Am. J. Enol. Viticult., 52, 165\u2013174, 2001.","DOI":"10.5344\/ajev.2001.52.3.165"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Intrigliolo, D. S. and Castel, J. R.: Response of grapevine cv. &quot;Tempranillo&quot; to timing and amount of irrigation: water relations, vine growth, yield and berry and wine composition, Irrigation Sci., 28, 113\u2013125, 2010.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00271-009-0164-1"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jackson, R. D., Slater, P. N., and Pinter Jr., P. J.: Discrimination of growth and water stress in wheat by various vegetation indices through clear and turbid atmospheres, Remote Sens. Environ., 13, 187\u2013208, 1983.","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-4257(83)90039-1"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson, L. F.: Temporal stability of an NDVI-LAI relationship in a Napa Valley vineyard, Aust. J. Grape Wine R., 9, 96\u2013101, 2003.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0238.2003.tb00258.x"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jordan, C. F.: Derivation of Leaf-Area Index from Quality of Light on Forest Floor, Ecology, 50, 663\u2013666, 1969.","DOI":"10.2307\/1936256"},{"key":"ref19","unstructured":"Lamb, D. and Bramley, R. G. V.: Managing and monitoring spatial variability in vineyard variability, Nat. Res. Man., 4, 25\u201330, 2001."},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"Mabrouk, H. and Carbonneau, A.: A simple method for determination of grapevine Vitis vinifera L. leaf area, Progres Agricole et Viticole, 113, 392\u2013398, 1996."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moral, F. J., Terr\u00f3n, J. M., and Marques da Silva, J. R.: Delineation of management zones using mobile measurements of soil apparent electrical conductivity and multivariate geostatistical techniques, Soil and Tillage Research, 106, 335\u2013343, 2010.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2009.12.002"},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"Mullins, M. G., Bouquet, A., and Williams, L. E.: Biology of the Grapevine, Cambridge University Press, 1992."},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pe\u00f1uelas, J., Filella, I., Biel, C., Serrano, L., and Save, R.: The reflectance at the 950\u2013970 nm region as an indicator of plant water status, Int. J. Remote Sens., 14, 1887\u20131905, 1993.","DOI":"10.1080\/01431169308954010"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rondeaux, G., Steven, M., and Baret, F.: Optimization of soil-adjusted vegetation indices, Remote Sens. Environ., 55, 95\u2013107, 1996.","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-4257(95)00186-7"},{"key":"ref25","unstructured":"Rouse, J. W., Haas, R. H., Schell, J. A., and Deering, D. W.: Monitoring the vernal advancement and retrogradation (green wave effect) of natural vegetation, Remote Sensing Center, Texas A&amp;M Univ., College Station, 93 pp., 1973."},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smart, R. E. and Coombe, B. G.: Water relations of grapevines, in: Water deficits and plant growth, edited by: Kozlowski, T. T., Academic Press, 137\u2013196, 1983.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-424157-2.50010-0"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smart, R. E.: Principles of Grapevine Canopy Microclimate Manipulation with Implications for Yield and Quality. A Review, Am. J. Enol. Viticult., 36, 230\u2013239, 1985.","DOI":"10.5344\/ajev.1985.36.3.230"},{"key":"ref28","unstructured":"Soil Survey Staff: Keys to soil taxonomy, USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service, Washington, D.C., 333 pp., 2006."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sudduth, K., Kitchen, N., Wiebold, W., Batchelor, W., Bollero, G., Bullock, D., Clay, D., Palm, H., Pierce, F., and Schuler, R.: Relating apparent electrical conductivity to soil properties across the north-central USA, Comput. Electron. Agr., 46, 263\u2013283, 2005.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2004.11.010"},{"key":"ref30","unstructured":"Tard\u00e1guila, J. and Diago, M.: Viticultura de precisi\u00f3n: principios y tecnolog\u00edas aplicadas en el vi\u00f1edo, VI World Wine Forum, Logro\u00f1o, Spain, 2008."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Terr\u00f3n, J., da Silva, J. M., Moral, F., and Garc\u00eda-Ferrer, A.: Soil apparent electrical conductivity and geographically weighted regression for mapping soil, Precis. Agric., 12, 750\u2013761, 2011.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11119-011-9218-5"},{"key":"ref32","unstructured":"Terr\u00f3n, J., Moral, F., da Silva, J. M., and Rebollo, F.: Analysis of spatial pattern and temporal stability of soil apparent electrical conductivity and relationship with yield in a soil of high clay content, 3rd Global Workshop on Proximal Soil Sensing, 2013."},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Leeuwen, C. and Seguin, G.: The concept of terroir in viticulture, Journal of Wine Research, 17, 1\u201310, 2006.","DOI":"10.1080\/09571260600633135"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vaudour, E.: The Quality of Grapes and Wine in Relation to Geography: Notions of Terroir at Various Scales, Journal of Wine Research, 13, 117\u2013141, 2002.","DOI":"10.1080\/0957126022000017981"},{"key":"ref35","unstructured":"Wample, R. and Smithyman, R.: Regulated deficit irrigation as a water management strategy in Vitis vinifera production, in: Deficit irrigation practices, Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy, 89\u2013100, 2002."},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Williams, L. E. and Araujo, F. J.: Correlations among Predawn Leaf, Midday Leaf, and Midday Stem Water Potential and their Correlations with other Measures of Soil and Plant Water Status in Vitis vinifera, J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci., 127, 448\u2013454, 2002.","DOI":"10.21273\/JASHS.127.3.448"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yrissarry, J. J. B. and Naveso, F. S.: Use of weighing lysimeter and Bowen-Ratio Energy-Balance for reference and actual crop evapotranspiration measurements, III International Symposium on Irrigation of Horticultural Crops, 537, 143\u2013150, 1999.","DOI":"10.17660\/ActaHortic.2000.537.14"}],"container-title":["SOIL"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/soil.copernicus.org\/articles\/1\/459\/2015\/soil-1-459-2015.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]],"date-time":"2025-02-08T13:00:51Z","timestamp":1739019651000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/soil.copernicus.org\/articles\/1\/459\/2015\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,17]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/soil-1-459-2015","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/soild-1-947-2014","asserted-by":"subject"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.5194\/soild-1-947-2014","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2199-398X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2199-398X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,17]]}}}