{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,15]],"date-time":"2025-02-15T05:07:31Z","timestamp":1739596051174,"version":"3.37.1"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Galenos Yayinevi","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Facts Views Vis ObGyn"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: In current literature there is no report aimed to evaluate the effects of exogenous steroids on hysteroscopic imaging.\n\nObjectives: To evaluate the hysteroscopic features of endometrium in women undergoing female hormones administration.\n\nMaterial and Methods: We reviewed video-records of hysteroscopies carried-out in women taking estro-progestins (EP), progestogen (P) and Hormonal Replacement Therapy (HRT). All women underwent biopsies resulting in atrophic, functional, or dysfunctional pathological reports.\n\nMain Outcome Measures: Description of hysteroscopic pictures related to each schedule of therapy.\n\nResults: The study included 117 women. We evaluated 82, 24 and 11 women treated by EP, P and HRT, respectively. In EP users, imaging indistinguishable from physiological pictures was found when high oestrogen dosage and low-potency progestogen as 17-OH progesterone derivatives were administered. By enhancing progestogen potency with 19-norprogesterone and 19-nortestosterone derivatives we observed a promotion of progestogen differentiation such as polypoid-papillary pseudo-decidualisation, spiral artery differentiation, inhibition of gland-proliferation and endometrial atrophy. In P users we distinguished two patterns, depending on continuous or sequential schedules. Continuous therapy resulted in atrophic or proliferative-secretory features whereas sequential ones led to endometrial overgrowth reflecting stromal pseudo-decidualisation. Women undergoing HRT showed atrophic features in combined continuous and polypoid overgrowth in sequential schedules. In women taking Tibolone we found pictures ranging from atrophic to hyperplastic appearances.\n\nConclusions: Exogenous steroids lead to significant endometrial moulding. Depending on schedule, hysteroscopic-view appears predictable and often showing overgrowths mimicking proliferative pathologies. In this case biopsy is recommended but in common practice physicians should gain awareness with hysteroscopic pictures induced from hormone administration.\n\nWhat is new? Systematic assessment of hysteroscopic pictures during estro-progestins intake.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.52054\/fvvo.15.1.056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,31]],"date-time":"2023-03-31T12:12:49Z","timestamp":1680264769000},"page":"61-67","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Estro-progestin and progestogen intake: What\u2019s the impact on hysteroscopic imaging?"],"prefix":"10.52054","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"G","family":"Garuti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Colonnelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Soliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Lubrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Soligo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2811","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bick AJ, Toit RL, Skosana SB et al. Pharmacokinetics, metabolism and serum concentrations of progestins used in contraception. Pharmacol Ther. 2021;222:107789.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2020.107789"},{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Buckley CH, Fox H. Biopsy pathology of the endometrium. Chapman & Hall, London, England, 1989."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Di Spiezio Sardo A, Sacconi G, Carugno J et al. Endometrial biopsy under direct hysteroscopic visualisation versus blind endometrial sampling for the diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia and cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. Facts Views Vis Obgyn. 2022;14:103-10.","DOI":"10.52054\/fvvo.14.2.023"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dueholm M, Hjorth IMD, Secher P et al. Structured hysteroscopic evaluation of endometrium in women with postmenopausal bleeding. J Minim Inv Gynecol. 2015;22:1215-24.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2015.06.018"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eyster MK. The oestrogen receptors: an overview from different perspectives. Methods Mol Biol. 2016;1366:1-10.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-3127-9_1"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Garuti G, Sambruni I, Colonnelli M et al. Accuracy of hysteroscopy in predicting histopathology of endometrium in 1500 women. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc. 2001;8:207-13.","DOI":"10.1016\/s1074-3804(05)60579-8"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Garuti G, Cellani F, Garzia D et al. Accuracy of hysteroscopic diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia: a retrospective study of 323 patients. J Minim Inv Gynecol. 2005;12:247-53.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2005.03.006"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Garuti G, Mirra M, Luerti M. Hysteroscopic view in atypical endometrial hyperplasias: a correlation with pathologic findings on hysterectomy specimens. J Minim Inv Gynecol. 2006;13:325-30.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2006.03.010"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hewitt SC, Winuthayanon W, Korach KS. What\u2019s new in estrogen receptor action in the female reproductive tract. J Mol Endocrinol. 2016;56:R55-71.","DOI":"10.1530\/jme-15-0254"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kloosterboer HJ. Tissue selectivity: the mechanism of action of tibolone. Maturitas. 2004;48:S30-40.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2004.02.012"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wagenfeld A, Saunders PTK, Whitaker L et al. Selective progesterone receptors (SPRMs): progesterone receptor actions, mode of action on the endometrium and treatment options in gynecological therapies. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2016;20:1045-54.","DOI":"10.1080\/14728222.2016.1180368"}],"container-title":["Facts, Views and Vision in ObGyn"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T05:55:43Z","timestamp":1739512543000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/fvvo.eu\/articles\/doi\/FVVO.15.1.056"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52054\/fvvo.15.1.056","relation":{},"ISSN":["2684-4230","2032-0418"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2684-4230"},{"type":"print","value":"2032-0418"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}}}